The voice of "protecting the ecological environment and building a green home" is rising day by day, and the research on the sustainable development of "green building" is gradually launched on a global scale. Concepts such as "green building", "ecological building" and "sustainable development design" have become a fashion in the construction industry, and have actually become the forefront of architectural development.
1 expounds the concept of green residential building.
With the increasing popularity of the concept of green living, people begin to yearn for living and working in green buildings, but what kind of buildings are "green" has never been decided by academia and industry. China's "Green Building Evaluation Standard" defines a green building as "a building that saves resources (energy, land, water and materials) to the maximum extent, protects the environment and reduces pollution (hereinafter referred to as" four sections-environmental protection "), and provides people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space and lives in harmony with nature".
The green concept of residential design should be reflected in the following four aspects: First, we should save space. The focus of improving the quality of living should be to improve the comprehensive performance of housing, rather than blindly expanding the housing area. Blind pursuit of large area and large apartment will inevitably lead to the consumption of energy and resources. "The concept of small and medium-sized units and high comfort should be established, which is a choice in line with China's national conditions." The second is to extend the life cycle of buildings. This life cycle is not only the structural life, that is, how many years the house is safe, but also the functional cycle, appearance and so on. "Extend the life cycle of buildings and objects as much as possible. The demolition and reconstruction of short-lived buildings means another investment of resources." Third, realize the circulation of resources and optimize the rational allocation. It is necessary to change the one-way loss of resource utilization and recycle it as much as possible. We should rely on gradient consumption, reduce vacant resources, curb excessive consumption, achieve value for money, and make the best use of houses. Fourth, through effective design means to meet the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection, and create a comfortable and healthy living environment: there are no toxic and harmful substances in the soil of the building, the ground temperature is suitable, the groundwater is pure, and the geomagnetic field is moderate. Building materials and decoration materials harmful to human body are not used inside the building. The indoor air is fresh and the temperature and humidity are suitable, which makes residents feel good and healthy.
2. Talking about the design points of green residential buildings
Green residence needs to control the indoor natural temperature within the comfortable temperature range of human body to the maximum extent through reasonable design and material selection of buildings, provide residents with healthy, comfortable and environmentally friendly living space and reduce building energy consumption.
A, green building design should consider the climatic conditions of the living environment, local materials, local conditions.
Green building is a building with climate suitability, that is, a building with low energy consumption is designed according to climate characteristics. For example, Huizhou architecture is a typical microclimate-regulating building. In hot summer, you will feel cool in your room. Huizhou style buildings are mostly two-story structures. People live on the first floor, and straw and grain are piled up on the second floor, so that the grain and straw become insulation layers. The temperature difference between upstairs and downstairs, inside and outside the building is as high as 5 degrees. The underground kiln of Huizhou architecture stores seasonal heat energy underground, and then uses the temperature difference to heat or cool the building, so as to achieve the effect of energy saving.
At the same time, rational use of building materials, local materials (mainly wood), as far as possible to use building materials with little impact on human health, including non-radioactive, low volatility and low activity materials.
Environmental protection materials mainly include:
1. It is basically non-toxic and harmless. Refers to natural decorative materials that contain no or little toxic and harmful substances, only undergo simple processing and are pollution-free. Such as gypsum, talcum powder, sandstone, wood and some natural stones.
2. Low toxicity and low emission. Refers to the decorative materials that control the accumulation and slow release of toxic and harmful substances through processing, synthesis and other technical means, and do not pose a danger to human health because of their slight toxicity. Such as large core board, plywood, fiberboard, etc. The formaldehyde emission is low, which meets the national standard.
Environmental protection decorative materials mainly include: 1. Environmental protection floor: Grass-planted pavement brick is one of many porous pavement products, made of recycled high-density polyethylene. 2. Environmental protection wall material: a new type of aerated concrete brick, which can be cut and shaped by woodworking tools, built with a thin layer of mortar and covered with special brush powder, has the effect of heat resistance and energy storage. 3. Environmental protection wall decoration: grass wallpaper, hemp wallpaper, yarn wall cloth and other products have the functions of moisturizing, insect repellent and health care. 4. Environmental protection pipe: Plastic-metal composite pipe is a high-tech product to replace metal pipe. Its inner and outer layers are made of high-density polyethylene material, with aluminum in the middle, which has excellent properties of plastic and metal, no rust and no pollution. 5. Environmental protection coatings: biological latex paint, etc.
B, rational use of environmental protection and energy-saving materials and high-tech construction technology.
Specific measures are: 1, heating and refrigeration system. If polybutylene (PB) coils are embedded in reinforced concrete, water at 20℃ in summer and 28℃ in winter can keep the indoor temperature within the appropriate range of 20℃ ~ 26℃. 2. Healthy fresh air system. After unified air purification and cold and hot treatment, fresh air enters the room by "sending it down and sending it back", and it can keep the fresh air constantly changing without opening the window. 3. External wall system. Reasonable external insulation can effectively block cold and hot radiation and rain and snow erosion. When dry-hanging materials are used as exterior decoration, a flowing air layer can be set between the dry-hanging materials and the insulation board to keep the insulation board dry. 4. Energy-saving exterior window system. For example, heat-insulating aluminum alloy windows and LOW-E low-radiation heat-insulating glass are used. 5. Roof and underground system. The special treatment of roof and underground wall ensures the comfort of the top floor, the first floor and the standard floor. 6. Anti-noise system. Noise from outdoor, upstairs and sewer can be prevented by external wall system, ground treatment and drainage system on the same floor. 7. Garbage disposal system. The garbage disposal system consists of three parts: central dust collection, food garbage disposal and recyclable garbage turnover box. 8. Water treatment system. There is a reclaimed water treatment system in the community, which will be used for watering and washing green land and supplementing artificial lake water. 9. Exhaust gas is discharged from the top of the tower through the well. Toilet waste gas is discharged directly to the outside, and so on.
Green buildings advocate the use of renewable energy such as solar energy.
For example, the condensation heat of air conditioner is used as the auxiliary heat source of domestic hot water, and the hot water generated by solar energy and geothermal energy is used as daily hot water. Using solar photovoltaic system to support daily electricity consumption. Embedding optical fiber in concrete can often monitor the stress state of components under load, and self-repairing concrete can be applied in practice. Building surface materials can purify the air inside the building and reduce the temperature through multi-functional tissue breathing. Shape memory alloy material can be used to adjust blinds or open the air outlet of air conditioning system, and automatically adjust the brightness of sunlight. Solar cells on the surface of buildings can provide energy for heating and lighting.
D, realize material saving in the process of building construction with reasonable design.
In the design process of construction, we should save materials and give full play to the performance of materials on the basis of meeting the structural requirements. For example, structural engineers can reduce the amount of steel bars as much as possible according to experience and calculation, and add some additives to cement to reduce the amount of cement. In addition, energy-saving effects can be achieved through architectural modeling design, such as plane layout, plane shape, depth, shape coefficient, surface area coefficient, length-width ratio, orientation and so on. Reasonable design of building walls, doors, windows, roofs, thermal buffer zones and effective shading to improve the thermal insulation performance of the external envelope is also of great significance to the saving of building materials.
3 Conclusion
China is a country with a large population and huge energy consumption. It will have far-reaching practical significance to increase the research on green buildings from the perspective of environment and energy. As a new product closely related to human life, the requirements of green residential buildings for environmental protection and energy saving are worth exploring and studying. The road is long and hard. With the industrial age marching towards the information age, industrial civilization is changing to green civilization, and sustainable development will become the main theme of today's society. The green residential building will be integrated with the ecological environment with its unique style and various architectural forms.
This paper introduces the content of "Discussion on the application of green building design concept in residential design". Welcome to Zhong Da for more information.
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