Modifying a sick sentence refers to modifying a sentence with the language of the sick sentence, so that it does not change its original intention and the sentence is more fluent.
Introduction editing
On the premise of not changing the meaning of the original sentence, the words with obvious language defects are modified to make the sentence smooth, correct and more perfect. The contents that need to be revised include all the components of the sentence, including subject, predicate, object, attribute, adverbial, complement, and various problems of sentence structure. Modifying ill sentences is an important module in Chinese. [ 1]
2 method editing
Supplementary method
Complements are often used to modify ill sentences with incomplete components.
For example, "I won the first prize in this competition" (missing section)
Change: "I won the first place in this competition." (Supplementary subjects)
After listening to the teacher, (students) received a great education. (Supplementary subjects)
Everyone should set up lofty ideals. (complement predicate)
We should educate teenagers in patriotism. (Complement object)
Delete method
Deletion is generally used to modify redundant sentences, redundant components, improper collocation and improper classification.
For example, "I conclude that it may rain tomorrow."
I'm sure it will rain tomorrow.
Change the method
Variations are often used to modify ill sentences such as improper collocation, improper words and unclear reference.
For example, "his grades have improved significantly."
Change: "His grades have improved obviously."
Whoever breaks the discipline will be criticized.
His writing level has improved significantly.
He seems to have infinite power.
3 Etiology and case editing
Incorrect word order
1. The word order of multi-layer attributive is improper.
2. The multi-layer adverbial word order is improper
3. The attribute and prefix are in the wrong order.
4. The position of attributive and adverbial is confusing.
5. Related coordinate words or phrases are in the wrong order.
6. The word order of the subject and related words is wrong.
[Example 1]
1. Excellent professor of Chinese Department in Peking University, with more than 30 years' teaching experience. (The word order of multiple attributes is incorrect)
Changed to: Excellent Professor of Chinese Department of Peking University, with more than 30 years' teaching experience.
In order to write the paper assigned by the teacher, many students have been reading eagerly in the reading room in recent days. (Many adverbials are out of order)
In order to write the paper assigned by the teacher, many students have been reading eagerly in the reading room in recent days.
He jumped out of the pond and came to the edge of the pool, where he swam soon. (Clauses are out of order)
He came to the pool, jumped into the pond and swam quickly.
We have carefully studied and listened to your's views. Words can reflect the meanings of inheritance and priority. Word order must meet this objective requirement. In this case, "learning and listening" reverses the order of commitment. It should be changed to "listening to research")
Students, leaders and teachers all attended the opening ceremony. (It should be changed to "leaders, teachers and students")
6. Try to see bloom in vilen. (It should be changed from "Yan Shan Hua" to "Yan Shan Hua" to match the following "opening")
7. The Palace Museum recently exhibited the newly unearthed cultural relics more than 2,000 years ago. When was this "cultural relic" unearthed? According to the original sentence, it was "more than two thousand years ago", but it was not. This is because the word order is not current, which leads to ideographic errors. We should move the "newly unearthed" to the "exhibition" )
8. This village has well implemented the Party's policy of enriching the people. Now, we have not only sold 60,000 Jin of agricultural grain to the country, but also stopped eating state relief. (Improper progressive relationship should be changed to "Not only did you not eat state relief grain, but you also sold 60,000 Jin of public grain to the state")
9. In your own way. They are exploring, they are judging, they are searching, and they are thinking.
[Analysis of Classical Exam Questions in College Entrance Examination 1] (improper word order)
The document 1. makes detailed provisions and profound exposition on some issues in the economic field from the theoretical and policy perspectives. (94 years)
(It should be changed to "This document theoretically elaborated some problems in the economic field and made profound provisions on policies". )
2. Through inspection, we discussed, found and solved some problems in extracurricular activities. (1995 Shanghai)
Through inspection, we found, discussed and solved some problems in extracurricular activities. )
[Classroom consolidation training] What happened to the following ill sentences?
1. The FBI arrested the professional spy Em, exposing the scandal that in-service intelligence personnel provided top secret information to foreign countries in the history of American intelligence. (It should be changed to ". The FBI arrested professional spy Em, which is the biggest scandal in the history of American intelligence that on-the-job intelligence personnel provided top secret information to foreign countries. )
2. Many masterpieces in China's ancient calligraphy and painting art are not only the treasures of human art, but also the treasures of the Chinese nation. (Shanghai, 1997) (It should be changed to "Many masterpieces handed down from China's ancient calligraphy and painting art are not only the treasures of the Chinese nation, but also the treasures of human art". )
He not only loves playing Weiqi, but also is good at studying the development history of Weiqi.
He not only loves playing Weiqi, but also is good at studying the history of Weiqi. )
As textile workers strive to improve the quality of production, China's cotton exports are well received by customers all over the world.
As textile workers strive to improve the quality of production, cotton exported from China is well received by customers all over the world. )
As for Mr. Kan Kan, although his voice and smile have not changed, the wrinkles around his eyes seem to imply the hardships and unpleasantness of these years. (93 years)
Although his voice and appearance have not changed much, the wrinkles around his eyes show the hardships and unhappiness of these years. )
6. Microsoft Pinyin, Double Pinyin, Full Pinyin, Intelligent ABC and Ma are the popular Chinese input methods among computer users.
(It should be changed to "Microsoft Pinyin, Shuangpin, Quanpin and Mazheng are all popular Chinese input methods among computer users." )
Improper collocation
1. Incorrect collocation of related words
2. The attributive and the head word (subject and object) are not collocated properly.
3. Improper collocation of verbs and objects
4. Improper collocation of subject and predicate
5. Improper collocation of subject and object
6. Improper collocation of verbs and complements
7. Improper collocation of adverbial and head word (predicate)
8. One side and two sides are not properly matched
[Example 2]
1. People's living standards are constantly improving. (If the subject and predicate are not properly matched, the word "improvement" should be changed to "improvement")
His revolutionary spirit always comes to my eyes. ("Spirit" and "Emergence" cannot form a subject-predicate relationship. You can change "spirit" to "image")
What a beautiful picture the rustling waves and the silver sea make up. Both "wave" and "sea surface" are subjects, in which "wave" cannot form a subject-predicate relationship with the predicate "component", so "rustling wave" should be removed or another subject-predicate relationship should be formed.
Due to reasonable close planting and strengthening management, rice production in this county is generally growing well. ("Yield" and "growing well" cannot form a subject-predicate relationship, so "yield" should be deleted and "rice" should be used as the subject)
Every time I recall a life with him, his amiable voice, smiling face and persuasive teaching reappear in front of my eyes. "Teaching" and "appearance" constitute an improper subject-predicate relationship, so "persuasion teaching" can be removed. "It's better to add" ringing in my ear again "to form a subject-predicate relationship with it)
6. The novel Song of Youth vividly depicts the heroic deeds of Lu Jiachuan, Jiang Hua and Lin Hong in party member. ("Shaping" and "deeds" cannot form the relationship between object and predicate, so "deeds" can be changed to "image")
7. The soldiers braved heavy rain and muddy roads to make rapid progress. ("Crossing the Kanto" and "Small Road" can't form a predicate-object relationship, so "in" and "on" can be added before and after "Muddy Road" respectively)
The students watched and listened to the report of Laoshan hero with admiration. (The "gaze" in the joint predicate cannot match the object "report" and can be deleted)
9. The plots cultivated by farmers that meet the policy requirements are a kind of legitimate labor. (Improper collocation of subject and object)
10. Two short regular parallel lines are always two unreachable endpoints. The meaning of subject and object in the judgment sentence does not belong to the same category, which leads to improper collocation of subject and object. In this case, "two parallel lines are endpoints" is obviously not properly matched, so "endpoints" can be changed to "straight lines" and so on. )
1 1. We firmly believe that one day, China's industry and agriculture will become developed countries. The object of this sentence is a subject-predicate phrase, but the main part of the subject-predicate phrase is "industry and agriculture become a country", and the meaning of the subject and object is obviously inappropriate. You can change "country" to "industry" and so on. )
12. Autumn in Beijing is a beautiful season. This is because the word order is improper, which leads to the improper meaning of the subject and object, so "Autumn in Beijing" should be changed to "Autumn in Beijing".
13. Whether you have lofty aspirations and tenacious will is the key to a person's success. (One side is not properly matched with both sides)
14. whether the electronic industry can develop rapidly and penetrate into all walks of life depends on accelerating the training of a group of specialized talents. (The use of "whether" in front is two aspects. There is only a positive side behind, which is inconsistent. You can change "want" to "can")
15. Young men and women no longer choose their partners based on wealth and family status, but on being able to work and having scientific and cultural knowledge. (In the front, "quantity" and "height" are related to both sides, and in the back, they are only related to one side, which is inconsistent. You can change "can" to "can" and "have" to "have")
16. The academic performance is an important condition for three-good students. The front is "good or bad", and the back is only positive, which is inconsistent. You can add "Can you be a good student" before "Three Good Students")
17. The car is driving on a wide road. (If the modifier does not match the headword, the word "broad" should be changed to "broad")
18. At five or six o'clock in the morning, tens of thousands of people stood on both sides of the street leading to the airport. ("Crowd" is a whole noun, which can no longer be limited by "tens of thousands", but "crowd" can be changed to "people")
19. We carefully studied the suggestions of the employees and humbly sought the opinions of experts. As an adverbial, "earnest" can not modify or restrict "research", but can be changed to "seriousness" and "prudence". )
20. The students cleaned the classroom neatly. ("Clean" can supplement the degree of sweeping the floor. However, "neatness" and "cleanliness" cannot be matched. You can add "table stool" in front or delete it. )
[Analysis of Classical Exams in College Entrance Examination 2-A] (Improper collocation)
1. All cadres and the masses must abide by the socialist legal system, without exception. (92 years)
No matter how unfavorable the climatic conditions and geographical environment were, the climbers still overcame many difficulties and succeeded in reaching the top. (93 years)
With this kind of compass, you won't get lost no matter when the clouds are overcast and the sun can't be seen in the morning and evening. (1992 Shanghai)
They did not feel depressed when they encountered difficulties, but gained strength through everyone's trust and concern and established confidence in overcoming difficulties. (97 years)
[Analysis of Classical Examination Questions in College Entrance Examination 2-B]
4. No.1 Factory is constantly committed to the research and development of new products, new technologies, new processes and new materials, driven by technological progress. (95 years)
Do you know how much work bees do in a catty of honey? According to scientists' statistics, bees collect about 500,000 pollen for every catty of honey brewed. (93)
[Analysis of Classical Examination Questions in College Entrance Examination 2-C]
7. He immediately called the Standing Committee to study and arranged the content, time and participants of the on-site meeting in a unified way, as well as the problems that should be paid attention to in the meeting. (95 years)
8. This cultural station has become a place to educate and help backward young people, save and train young people who have lost their feet, and has been commended by superior leaders for many times. (93 years)
9. In recent years, China has accelerated the pace and scale of higher education development. Colleges and universities will further expand enrollment and focus on building a number of high-level universities and disciplines.
10. The relevant departments criticized, educated and dealt with a few incidents that did not respect the work of sanitation workers, made troubles without reason, and even beat and insulted sanitation workers in a timely manner. (96) 【 Analysis of 2-D Classic Examination Questions in College Entrance Examination 】
1 1. During the Spring Festival this year, 2 10 fire engines and more than 3,000 officers and men in this city gave up their vacations and stuck to their posts. (99 years)
12. Although the scale of this factory is small, it won the provincial science conference award twice and was awarded the title of provincial quality product twice, and its products are exported to all parts of the country and Southeast Asia. (2000)
13. Unfortunately, this masterpiece, which has been brewing in his mind for a long time and is about to mature, left us prematurely before it was finished. (200 1 spring trick) [classroom consolidation training] What's wrong with the following sick sentences?
1. Around Tomb-Sweeping Day, XX troops sent 800 people to plant trees in the suburbs. (88 years)
The most gratifying thing is that with the unity and cooperation of the workers in the whole factory and the day and night struggle, the annual production index has finally been exceeded. (Spring 2000)
3. There are ice sculptures such as "loong" symbolizing the soaring of the Chinese nation, and fairy tales adapted from The Journey to the West and Daughter of the Sea (200 1 Spring).
4. In the 1990s, the knowledge-based economy began to take shape. In the 20th century, the knowledge-based economy developed rapidly and gradually occupied the leading position in the world economy.
Long-term lack of sleep will make the body's biological clock function disorder and the normal pace of life disorder, thus promoting premature aging and causing some unnecessary diseases.
6. The provincial party committee and government have conscientiously summed up the experience and lessons that caused this backward situation, and established the working idea of rejuvenating the city through science and education.
7. Since the reform and opening up, we have carried out a series of fruitful reforms in the economic system and made great achievements.
8. Cangshan is like a screen, and Erhai is like a mirror. It's really amazing.
9. Guilin is really beautiful, and the folk customs of Zhuang nationality make me feel relaxed and happy in the picture.
10. We should adopt various methods to cultivate and improve our learning quality.
1 1. After a period of investigation, analysis and discussion, some controversial issues have made progress to varying degrees.
12. we should study the characteristics of economic criminals in order to identify and crack down on them steadily, accurately and ruthlessly.
13. Although your gift is meager, it is like a weight in his heart.
14. Cultivating a new generation in the new century is not only a matter for schools, but also a matter for the whole society.
15. The automatic instrument factory corrected its mistakes and voluntarily returned more than 200,000 bonuses distributed at the end of last year.
16. since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, we have carried out a series of fruitful reforms in the economic and political systems and achieved great results.
logic error
1. The concept scope is not clear.
2. contradiction
3. Repeated denial will cause confusion
4. The subject and object are upside down.
5. Misuse of related words
[Example 3]
1. At night, from a distance, the whole building was dark, and only one room was still lit. (self-contradictory)
Now that he's here, he's still worried. (Misuse of related words)
I'm not interested in math. In this sentence, the subject is "I" and the object is "Mathematics", which should be changed to "I am interested in mathematics".
Ostrovsky's How Steel was Tempered is no stranger to young people in China. (It can be changed to "China youth are no strangers to ostrovsky's How Steel was Tempered")
More than 800 people, with thousands of troops and horses, struggled with the rainstorm and flood for a day and a night. (How can "more than 800 people" have thousands of arms? Should be changed from "thousand" to "thousand")
He was furious, studied hard and completed all the courses in the university in three years. ("All the courses in the university" are vast, and it is not objective to finish them in only three years, so "all" can be removed. )
7. When you stand on the shore and look at the boundless sea, a magnificent picture of our ancestors will emerge before your eyes, which is made at sunrise and returned at sunset. (since it is "looking at the sea", the picture presented later should be the scene at sea. This expression sees the scene on land, which is inconsistent. The word "sea" can be changed to "vast land" and so on. )
This year, 90% of the students in our school participated in the "Volunteer Commando". The word "all" means all, and the previous definition was "90%", which is inconsistent and should be removed. )
No one will deny that the Yangtze River does not flow eastward. ("No denial" means "recognition", and "recognition" means "the Yangtze River does not flow eastward", which obviously does not conform to the objective facts. You can change "deny" to "admit", or remove the second "no")
10. Can you deny that you shouldn't study hard? The answer to the rhetorical question is on the opposite side of the sentence. If you don't use rhetorical questions, negation is appropriate, but if you use rhetorical questions, the meaning is just the opposite. "No" can be removed)
1 1. Over the past few years, he has been collecting and sorting out folk songs and accumulated a lot of information. "Always" means "always", and the sentence expression is just the opposite, so "forget" can be changed to "yes".
12. Young workers, old workers and women attended the railway workers' congress. (improper classification and enumeration. "Young workers" and "old workers" are divided by the same standard, while "women" are different standards, so they cannot be juxtaposed with the first two, and "women" can be removed)
13. All league members, especially middle school students, should study science and culture hard. (The object to be emphasized by the word "special" should be the part of the above-mentioned concept that forms a range relationship with the front, while "middle school students" and "league members" can only be cross-related, so "middle school students" should be changed to "middle school students' league members". )
14. I bought toothpaste, toothbrush and daily necessities in the street. ("Toothpaste", "toothbrush" and "daily necessities" are not juxtaposed, but subordinate, so "harmony" should be changed to "equality")
[Analysis of Classical Exams in College Entrance Examination 3] (illogical)
1. Three bogeys for sleeping: First, don't get angry before going to bed, second, don't eat enough before going to bed, and third, don't lie in the wind. (94 years)
Of course, the spirit of Lei Feng should be endowed with new connotations, but who can deny that there is no need to learn from Lei Feng now? ( 1998)
3. In ancient times, this kind of music works only had written records, and there was no score information, so it was impossible to play or sing. (95 years)
4. Cai Wenji, a large-scale historical drama adapted by Beijing People's Art Theatre, is scheduled to be staged in capital theatre on May 1 day, and is being rehearsed intensively recently. (200 1 year)
Our newspapers, magazines, televisions and all publications have a greater responsibility to set an example, put an end to the phenomenon of nonstandard use of words, and increase the awareness of standardization in the use of language and characters. (2000)
17 On June 6th, six members were expelled from the International Olympic Committee because of the bribery scandal. The next day, the world's major newspapers reported this event that shocked the international sports world in detail. (99 years)
[Classroom consolidation training] What happened to the following ill sentences?
1. In order to prevent such traffic accidents from happening again, we have strengthened traffic safety education and management.
In recent years, Comrade Wang Fang has been collecting and arranging folk songs almost all the time.
What we young people lack is low theoretical level and lack of time experience.
After hard work, in the final exam, his average score of six subjects was above 90.
After the evening self-study, there was no one in the classroom, only Xiao Wang was still secretly searching for something with a flashlight in the classroom.
6. In this remote town, a large supermarket that provides customers with all kinds of supplies, clothing, stationery and home appliances is about to open.
7. According to preliminary statistics, about 20% people now regard savings as their future endowment insurance.
During the period of 8. 10, the number of books published has more than doubled, while the total print runs are basically the same, which indicates that the average number of books has more than doubled.
structural disorder
1. Two different sentence patterns are mixed together
2. From one customer to another
Change hands halfway
[Example 4]
1. What I can't tell you is that the school gave this task to our class, and everyone felt honored. (Miscellaneous)
Since China people accepted Marxism–Leninism, under the leadership of Comrade Mao Zedong, great changes have taken place in China's revolution. (changing hands halfway)
As far as the students' schoolwork burden is concerned, it is too hard for teachers to be buried in the homework pile all the year round. (anti-customer first. Before the first sentence was finished, it was interrupted by the second sentence and replaced by another topic)
As the leading cadres of party member and the Party, we should take the fundamental interests of the Party and the people as the starting point. (The second half is a mixture of "starting from ..." and "starting from ...", which can be changed from "from" to "from")
Throughout the ages, no one denies that talented people with outstanding achievements have the spirit of struggle. (The predicate part is a mixture of a judgment sentence and a statement sentence. You can add "de" at the end of the sentence to form the emphasis structure of "yes", or you can remove "yes")
6. Survival published by Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House was written by a Chinese Canadian writer who has lived overseas for more than 20 years. (It is a mixture of subject-predicate sentences and verb-predicate sentences, and the "author" at the end of the sentence can be removed)
7. If you don't study hard, you can imagine how to get good grades. (It is a mixture of rhetorical questions and declarative sentences, so we should remove "imaginable" and add "what is it" after "achievement")
[Analysis of Classical Exam Questions in College Entrance Examination 4] (Structural confusion)
1. Whether the electronic industry can develop rapidly and penetrate into all walks of life depends on accelerating the training and bringing up a group of specialized technical personnel. (93 years)
2. Whether we can cultivate new people with "four haves" is a major event related to the future and destiny of our party and country, and it is also the fundamental task of the education front. ( 1996)
How can we make everyone rich? The key issue is that knowledge plays a decisive role. The poverty of knowledge will inevitably lead to the poverty of wealth, and the abundance of wealth is often based on the richness of knowledge. (Spring 200 1)
It is not difficult to see that this obvious misjudged case has been delayed in getting a fair judgment, and the fundamental reason is the absence of party style. (200 1 year)
5. The Law on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests is well received by consumers, because it strengthens people's awareness of self-expression and protects consumers' rights and interests to the maximum extent. (99 years)
[Classroom consolidation training] What happened to the following ill sentences?
1. Being good at discovering and using talents often plays an important role in the development of enterprises.
2. At the end of the 20th century, whether mankind can peacefully enter the new century depends on the sober judgment of western capitalism on the world trend and its ability to rationally use free power.
3. Carrying out the Party's educational policy in an all-round way is a major issue related to whether students can really be trained into "four haves".
He made such great achievements because he worked hard and struggled tenaciously.
When the superior announced that the task was given to us, we all felt both glorious and happy. This feeling is indescribable.
6. At present, with the rapid growth of international trade and international investment, transnational operation is very eye-catching, and it has become a new economic force, showing a great role in the international arena.
7. The migration of birds is often caused by changes in the external environment.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) is ambiguous.
1. Fuzzy
ambiguous and vague
3. The reference is unknown
[Classroom consolidation training] What happened to the following ill sentences?
1. Billboards are not allowed outside stations, docks, airports, parks and commercial areas.
2. How to improve students' language expression ability quickly is a special concern of Chinese teachers in middle schools.
The head of the department is fully prepared for his criticism.
I saw Bird helping an old man get off the bus with a black leather bag in his hand.
The reporter denied that there was a basis for aliens to visit N city in W country.
6. With the development of economy, do you want traditional morality? How to choose between righteousness and benefit? Our answer is yes.
7. Was Li Xiucheng brave when he was caught by the Qing soldiers and beheaded? According to some historical records, this is not the case.
8. When an industry's knowledge innovation and technological progress have just begun to develop, the industry will be in a stage of rapid rise and become a sunrise industry; Instead, it became a sunset industry.
9. The collection of historical materials is easier than identification and application, which is the main strength of most writers in China in the past.
Extra or incomplete ingredients
1 has redundant components.
1. The subject and part of the predicate are duplicated.
2. Predicate and object are duplicated
3. Predicates and their modifiers appear repeatedly.
4. The attribute and the head are repeated
5. Adverbials and headwords appear repeatedly.
[Analysis of the Classic Exam of NMET 6-A] (Redundant component)
1. He is usually quiet, but when he talks about his favorite major at academic conferences, he becomes much more active and talkative. (97 years)
You should rely on the masses for everything, otherwise you can't do anything yourself. (88 years)
3. Yesterday was the last day of the transfer deadline, and the China Football Association received another 25 players' transfer applications. ( 1998)
4. Due to its own characteristics, A Restricted View of China Ancient Literature has been widely circulated and enduring for nearly 300 years since its publication, and it is still a valuable anthology. (Spring 2000)
5. In addition to the staff of Peking University, the students of this short online training course also participated in the study, including teachers, students and scientific and technological workers from Tsinghua and other 15 universities.
[Classroom consolidation training] What happened to the following ill sentences?
1. It is an urgent task for all kinds of sports workers in China to establish good moral habits in study.
After listening to the introduction of my hometown, I feel sincerely admired and gratified to see the earth-shaking changes in my hometown.
Severe legal sanctions should be imposed on party and government cadres who know the law and break the law.
There are a lot of silent subtext behind this sentence.
The central government attaches great importance to cotton production and points out that "cotton production should be greatly developed and accelerated".
6. During the meeting, we also visited the experience of several township enterprises in Hongqi Town, which were developed by the method of "introducing from the inside out".
7. The third reason for the accelerated development of natural science is that the field of science has concentrated the best, most creative and adventurous talents in society.
8. Habitual forces make them turn a blind eye to the unreasonable arrest and detention of the Public Security Bureau.
2 Incomplete composition
1. Unfinished topics
2. The predicate is incomplete
3. The object is incomplete
4. Incomplete modifiers
5. Incomplete head language
Improper classification
1, words that do not belong to the same category are put together as the same category;
I like China Youth Daily and Science Illustrated.
2. Put words from different ranges together.
Example: Autumn is coming, and the crops and rice in the field are ripe.
3. Words with different classification standards are put together.
Exodus workers, farmers and young people took part in this labor.