Sub-project leader: Shan Changhao
Sub-project researchers: Ding Feng, Ma Feifei, Wang Zhengping, Liu Xiangdong and Li Jingchao.
Zhang Lihai Shan Changhao Zhou Zhou Jia Wenjue Yan Shiqiang
Authors: Yan Shiqiang and Ma Feifei.
Chapter 1 Status quo of standards and specifications of geological data information system
First, the overall framework of geological data information system standards and specifications
The overall framework of geological data information system standards and specifications is vertically composed of two levels: laws, regulations and standards and specifications. Laws and regulations include laws, administrative regulations and normative documents at all levels, and standards include working standards and norms at all levels. Horizontally, it is composed of geological professional system standard, information system standard and geological data acquisition service system standard, which are both different and closely related.
This chapter focuses on the present situation of system standards and specifications, and makes a detailed description from three aspects: geological data service, geological specialty and geological informatization, which are divided into two categories: law and standards.
(1) Status quo of standards and specifications for geological data management and service system
1. Laws, regulations and relevant normative documents on geological data management and geological science and technology archives management
Mainly include: Mineral Resources Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), Archives Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Mineral Resources Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), Measures for the Implementation of Archives Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), Regulations on the Management of Geological Data, Measures for the Implementation of Regulations on the Management of Geological Data, Regulations on the Management of Geological Science and Technology Archives in Geological Industry, Regulations on the Core Management of Ministry of Geology and Minerals, Measures for the Acceptance of Original Geological Archives (for Trial Implementation), Measures for the Administration of Geological Data Archives (Trial), Regulations on the Administration of Geological Data (Trial), Measures for the Administration of Geological Data (Trial), Measures for the Administration of Geological Data (Trial), Measures for the Administration of Geological Data (Trial), Measures for the Administration of Geological Data, etc.
2. Technical standard specification for geological data file management
It mainly includes: detailed description rules of geological data files, general principles of geological exploration and drilling core management, key points of archival architecture design, management and protection norms of magnetic carrier files, basic terms of archival work, filing rules, filing and management norms of electronic files, general requirements for the composition of scientific and technological files, filing requirements of geological data for oil and gas exploration and development, submission format requirements of electronic files for geological exploration and drilling cores, filing rules of original geological data, Rules for making and submitting electronic files of geological data of oil and gas achievements, rules for computer description of geological data of oil and gas achievements, specifications for digital scanning of graphic geological data (for Trial Implementation), methods for filing original files of petroleum geology (for Trial Implementation), methods for filing original files of surveying and mapping of Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources (for Trial Implementation), methods for filing original files of marine geology, methods for filing exploration engineering files, equipment files and experimental test files of Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources (for Trial Implementation), 1 : 50,000 original files of regional geological survey (for trial implementation), trial provisions for quality acceptance of geological reports submitted by the national exchange, measures for examination and approval of mineral and groundwater exploration reports (for trial implementation), measures for acceptance of original geological files (for trial implementation), measures for management of scientific and technological files of the School of Geology, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources (for trial implementation), Interim Provisions on the work of scientific and technological files of Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, Description of technical files of hydrogeology engineering geological drilling, and geological exploration and development of oil and gas.
3. Relevant provisions on confidentiality of geological data
There are mainly six items: People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on Guarding State Secrets, Measures for the Implementation of People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on Guarding State Secrets, Provisions on the Scope of State Secrets in Land and Resources Management, Provisions on the Duration of State Secrets, Interim Measures for the Administration of Reproduction of State Secrets in Printing and Reproduction Industry, and Interim Provisions on the Administration of Confidential Documents of the Ministry of Land and Resources.
4. Geological data information service documents of the Geological Survey Bureau
There are two main methods: Management Measures for Receiving, Keeping and Serving Geological Survey Data of China Geological Survey (Trial) and Management Measures for Geological Survey Data of China Geological Survey.
(II) Status quo of standards and specifications for geological specialty and information work system
1. Cross-industry general standards and related standards
(1) land and resources data description standard
Metadata of land and resources information.
(2) Land and resources application system and network construction standards
Specification for design and development of land and resources application software, quality requirements and testing of land and resources application software, and specification for construction of land and resources network system.
(3) Relevant standards of general standards
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
sequential
sequential
2. Information standard of geology and mineral industry
(1) data description standard
Color standard and principle of geological map (1∶50000) DZ/T0 179, classification code of geological and mineral terms GB9649-88.
(2) Database standards
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
sequential
sequential
3. General standards for geological survey
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
4. General standard for regional geological survey
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
5. Urban regional geological survey standards
Technical requirements for urban regional geological survey (1∶ 50000) dz/t0094-1994.
6. Geological survey and monitoring standards for marine areas
Code for Geological Survey of Marine Regions (1:100000) dz/t 0147-2009.
7. Marine mineral exploration standards
Code for mineral exploration of marine metallic nodules GB/T 17229- 1998.
8. Other standards of marine geology:1:Specification for Drawing Plane Map of Magnetic Anomaly in 500,000 Sea Areas DZ/T0234-2006,1:500,000 Sea Areas Geomorphological Map DZ/T0235-2006, and Quaternary Geology in1:500,000 Sea Areas.
9. General standards for exploration of onshore petroleum, natural gas, metal and nonmetallic minerals.
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
10. Investigation standard for onshore oil, natural gas, metal and nonmetal minerals
Specification for Strategic Prospective Survey (1: 50000)DD 2004-04, Technical Requirements for Estimation of Implied Economic Resources of Solid Minerals, Resources Verified and Predicted by Engineering, and Regulations on Coal Geological Mapping (1:50000, 1: 65438).
1 1. Exploration standard for onshore oil, natural gas, metal and nonmetal minerals.
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
12. General standard for geological investigation and exploration of environmental disasters in hydrological engineering
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
13. Hydrogeological survey and monitoring standards
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
14. engineering geological survey standard
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
15. environmental geological survey and monitoring standards
General Rules for Regional Environmental Geological Survey DD2004-02, Code for Urban Environmental Geological Survey (1∶ 50000) DD 2008-03.
16. standards for investigation, monitoring and prevention of geological disasters
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
General standards for geophysical exploration and methods.
Technical symbol of geophysical exploration GB/T 14499- 1993, chart, legend and code of geophysical exploration map, color code DZ/T0069- 1993, technical specification for determination of physical properties of rocks and ores DD2006-03.
18. Gravity exploration and method standard
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
19. magnetic exploration and method standard
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
20. Electrical prospecting and methodological standards
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
2 1. Seismic exploration and method standard
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
22. Radioactive exploration and methodological standards
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
23. Applied geophysical exploration and methodological standards.
Requirements for geophysical and geochemical exploration and remote sensing in preliminary exploration and general survey of solid minerals DD2003-03.
24. General standards and methods for geochemical exploration
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
25. Technical standard for rock geochemical survey
Technical specification for rock geochemical survey (including sampling, drilling, rock and tunnel) DZ/T0248-2006.
26. Technical standards for soil geochemical survey
Code for Soil Geochemical Survey (including requirements of different scales and stages) DZ/T0 145- 1994.
27. Technical standard for geochemical survey of river sediments
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
28. Technical standard for geochemical gas measurement
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
29. Eco-geochemical survey and evaluation criteria
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
30. Applied geochemical exploration and methodological standards
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
3 1. Remote sensing geological survey and method standard
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
32. The application and method standard of remote sensing in geological survey.
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
33. General standards for technical methods of drilling and pit exploration.
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
34. Drilling technology and method standards
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
35. Mine exploration technology and method standards
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
36. General standard for geological survey
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
37. Compilation standard of geological map base map
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
38. Geological professional survey standard
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
39. General standard for geological experiment test
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
40. Standard for Analytical Methods of Rock and Ore Samples
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
4 1. Standard for Analytical Methods of Soil Samples
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
42. Standard of water sample analysis method
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
43. Isotope method standard
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
44. Physical and chemical performance measurement standards
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
45. Geological experiment test standard material
Promote the cluster industrialization of geological data information service
(3) Standby standards and norms for cluster construction in pilot provinces.
1. Shanghai and Hubei cluster pilot standards
Combined with the characteristics of geological data in Shanghai, according to the requirements of the National Geological Archives on geological data informatization, the requirements and standards suitable for local informatization in Shanghai are formulated. It mainly includes: regulations on geological data management, specification for scanning digitalization of graphic geological data SZ 19900 1-2000, detailed description rules of geological data archives DA/T23-2000, and submission format of electronic files of geological data of achievements SZ 199002-20065438+. T22-2000, Geological data management method, project format of engineering geological survey, technical requirements for geological data informatization, requirements for digitization of engineering geological survey data storage, and design of attribute tables for various disciplines of Shanghai urban three-dimensional geological information system.
Hubei Province is implemented with reference to relevant codes and standards of Shanghai.
2. Standards adopted in the pilot project of cluster in Hunan Province
It mainly includes: D2004-04 Technical Requirements for Prospective Survey of Strategic Minerals (Trial), DD2005 Provisions for Original Geological Catalogue of Solid Mineral Exploration, DZ/T000 1-9 1 General Rules for Regional Geological Survey (1: 50000), DZ. Kloc-0/997 Color Standards and Principles of Geological Maps (65438T 14498-93 engineering geological terms, GB958-89 regional geological map legend (1: 50000), GB 13923 land basic information data classification and code. T7408-2005/ISO86 10∶2000 Data element and exchange format information exchange date and time expression, GB/T 17798-2007 geospatial data exchange format, etc.
3. Standards adopted by the pilot project of cluster in Qinghai Province
It mainly includes: GB2260-99 administrative division code of the People's Republic of China, GB958-89 regional geological map legend (1: 50000), GB9648-88 classification code of geological and mineral terms, GB/T 13989-92 national basic scale topographic map framing number, and GBT 6500. DZ/T000 1-9 1 General Rules for Regional Geological Information (1: 50000), DZ/T0 197- 1997 Digital Geological Map Layer and Attribute File Format, DDB9702GIS Layer Description Data Content Standard.
Second, there are problems in the standards and norms of geological data information work system.
Promoting the "two modernizations" requires standards first. Although the standard systems of geological data service, geological specialty, land and resources information and geological survey informatization have basically taken shape, judging from the overall demand of the country's "two modernizations", the formation of these standards is far from meeting the requirements of the "two modernizations" work. Unified planning and standards are the key to promoting the "two modernizations". In the process of "two modernizations", standard is the key and application is the core. At present, the standardization work still has the following shortcomings:
(1) The standards for key technologies to realize geological data information clustering are weak, and the research and development is lagging behind.
Compared with foreign advanced countries, China's current geological data information sharing standards are relatively backward. At present, the standards that have been completed mainly focus on professional code standards, and the only standard that supports spatial data network sharing is spatial data format conversion standard. However, due to the particularity of geological data, the standard can not meet the needs of geological data conversion in terms of legends and charts, and the standardization work in this area has a long way to go. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the state carried out comprehensive and effective research on the standards, policies and operation modes of geospatial information sharing, and made remarkable progress, which laid the foundation for the state to formulate and implement the development plan of spatial information infrastructure and related policies and measures. However, most standards and policies remain at the level of "research" and "suggestion". At the same time, it has become an urgent need for the construction and application of spatial information sharing at all levels to support policies, standards and management operation modes in line with China's national conditions. In order to realize the extensive enjoyment of information, we should also vigorously strengthen the formulation of geological data information classification and coding standards, data access protocols, data distribution standards, scientific language description norms and other standards.
(two) the standard system is not perfect, and the standards or norms of geological data information service are seriously lacking.
Developed countries and regions such as the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia and the Netherlands have experienced the development process of knowledge economy marked by social informatization and information socialization, promoted economic globalization, established and improved national spatial information infrastructure, provided and utilized a large amount of geospatial information, and gradually realized the industrialization of spatial information technology through various mechanisms of policy guidance, government regulation and market regulation, and achieved great economic and social benefits. Standardization construction is the key to realize the industrialization of spatial information technology. Without an integrated geological data information service standard, it is impossible to establish an integrated service system.
(3) Most of the standards that have been formed belong to the technical agreement of a specific work project, and the coordination among individual standards is poor, which restricts the development of geological data information clustering.
At present, most geological data information service standards or technical protocols are formulated according to specific work items or a specific geological task, and the coordination between standards is poor, which limits the comprehensive integrated management and comprehensive application of massive and multi-source data in the future. It is more and more common to use GIS to manage and comprehensively analyze multi-source geological information such as geography, geology, geophysics, geochemistry, remote sensing, environment and land, so as to solve the problems of resource evaluation, disaster prediction and prevention. Moreover, with the deepening of the application of GIS technology, the demand for integrated management and comprehensive analysis of multidisciplinary geospatial information will become more and more urgent. Correspondingly, its standardization must also be comprehensive. In order to meet this standardization demand, an isolated single standard is powerless, and it needs the coordination of multiple standards to achieve the overall best benefit, so as to realize the comprehensive application of multi-source geological data information and provide convenient and fast comprehensive geoscience information for government decision-making, companies and enterprises.
(D) The implementation of geological data service standards has affected the improvement of the service level of clustering.
At present, the policies and regulations related to information services such as geological data sharing, confidentiality and service are not perfect, which leads to diverse classification of geological data services and different service charges. Among them, classified geological data is an important factor affecting social services. The classification standard is not uniform, and the services provided by geological data related service organizations on the Internet are very limited, which can only be limited to the catalog retrieval of geological data, the release of some metadata, the query of lithostratigraphic database and the release of small-scale geological maps. Some important basic geological databases, such as1∶ 200,000,1∶ 500,000 geological map spatial database, gravity database, regional geochemical database, etc., cannot provide services through the network due to confidentiality.
(5) The publicity and implementation of standards are seriously lagging behind.
At present, only a limited number of standards have been published and implemented. Judging from the implementation of the standard, the publicity of the standard is obviously insufficient, which is mainly reflected in the inconsistent or wrong understanding of the standard, resulting in defects in the collected data and difficulties in data integration and application. At the same time, there is a serious lack of software tools to support the implementation of these standards and specifications. At present, the investment in standards is only the funds for developing standards, not the funds for developing software tools to support the implementation of standards and specifications. The direct consequence is that standards cannot be applied or are difficult to apply.
Chapter II Main Objectives and Tasks of the Construction of Geological Data Information Standards and Specifications
I. Guiding ideology
Guided by Scientific Outlook on Development, with the purpose of implementing the Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Geological Work to Promote the Development and Utilization of Geological Data, with the plan of implementing the Work Plan of the Ministry of Land and Resources to Promote the Cluster Industrialization of Geological Data Information Services (No.10), according to the overall deployment of the Ministry to promote the "two modernizations", aiming at the present situation and problems of the application of standards and norms in the pilot and promotion of the "two modernizations" project, Study and establish the standard system framework of "two-oriented" geological data information service, improve and perfect the relevant technical guidelines, provide technical support for the pilot project of clustering industrialization of geological data information service, and lay the foundation for promoting the "two-oriented" work throughout the country.
Second, the goal.
According to the overall goal of the "two-oriented" construction, and following the Guidelines for Standardization of Land and Resources, the standardization system of geological information service is established, and the standard mode of clustering industrialization of geological information service is constructed from three levels: basic standard, professional technical standard and administrative management standard, forming a relatively complete, scientific and practical national geological information receiving, storage, quality evaluation and acceptance, storage and classification, exchange and * * * system.
Three. primary mission
Around the realization of the above objectives, the main tasks of the "two modernizations" standardization work are: to form a relatively complete, scientific and practical standard system for the clustering industrialization of geological information services according to the Guidelines for the Standardization of Land and Resources and the actual work of geological information services, to carry out research on key technical standards needed to promote the clustering industrialization of geological information, such as information sharing, data clustering and product research and development, to build a standardized management mechanism, and to provide institutional guarantee for the construction of the clustering industrialization standard of geological information.
Chapter III Suggestions on the Construction of Standards and Specifications
I. Working principles
1. scientific
Scientific nature is the basic principle that should be followed in developing the standard system, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for the rapid implementation of the standard system by using computer technology and database technology.
Step 2 be complete
The standards and specifications needed to describe geological data information are divided into corresponding categories, which are coordinated and matched with each other to form a complete framework and completely describe the main characteristics of geological data information.
3. Systematic
Systematization is the embodiment of the internal relations and differences between standards and norms in the system of standards and norms, so as to achieve reasonable arrangement and clear hierarchy.
4. Advanced nature
On the one hand, the standard system should fully reflect the development direction of international standards, conform to the development trend of international standards and coordinate with national standards; On the other hand, the standard system should be able to describe the advanced technical means of geological data information collection, production and application.
5. Foresight
When formulating the standard specification system, we should not only consider the current level of information technology, but also foresee the future development of information technology, so that the standard specification system can adapt to the rapid development of various application technologies in this field.
6. Measurability
Considering the requirements of the development of information construction for the renewal, expansion and extension of the standard system, and the different application needs of users in different river basins and different flow areas of the water conservancy industry, it is necessary to enrich and update it according to the development of information technology and professional fields and the continuous improvement of relevant international standards, national standards and industry standards.
Second, the focus of work
(A) to build a reference model of the standard system
The reference model of standard system is an important part of the standard system, which can also be called the reference model of standard system to constrain and coordinate the formulation and organization of standards. It is a standard classification method, which classifies standards in a thick line way. Through it, a large number of established disorderly standards can be mapped into ordered subsystems, the boundaries of each part can be drawn, the blank areas of standard formulation can be found, and the aspects that need to be strengthened can be put forward.
(B) the development of standard system framework
The standard system table is a chart that arranges the standards in a certain range in a certain form. It is an intuitive form of standard system, and its constituent unit is standard. Mainly divided into:
1. Basic standard
Basic standards are widely used in geological data information work with geological work as the object. Including:
(1) terminology standard
The terminology in the field of geological data information service is the working things and concepts that express geological data. Giving standardized terms to things and concepts in the field of geological data provides the same language for the research and exchange of geological data, and also lays the foundation for formulating other related standards.
(2) Geological reporting standards
The quality of geological report determines the quality and benefit of geological data. Formulating geological reporting standards is not only the task of geological work and geological management, but also closely related to geological data work. Geological report standards include: drawing standards, geological report format, geological report writing content and depth standards, geological report numbering standards, geological report integrity standards, etc.
(3) Professional symbol standard
Professional symbol standards include the composition of classification number, geological data file number and geological database code in geological data retrieval language. Standardization of professional symbols of geological data is of great significance to realize modern management of geological data.
(4) Document specifications and quality standards
Archives is the basic unit of geological data management, which has great influence on geological data work. Its standards include: the method standard of composing papers, the items, formats and methods of cataloging by the storage unit, the internal quality standard, classification and standards of files, etc.
(5) warehouse and equipment standards
The storage and protection of geological data need to have certain warehouse and equipment conditions, and its quality is directly related to the protection and safety of geological data. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate standards for warehouses and equipment. Including: architectural design standards of warehouses, texture and specification standards of geological data cabinets, technical performance standards of geological data protection equipment, etc.
(6) Types and units of measurement standards
The type of geological data is a sign to reveal the content and nature of geological data, and it is also the basis to coordinate and guide the rational and healthy development of geological data work. With the development of social practice, the scope of geological data is getting larger and larger, and the content is getting richer and richer. It is necessary to put forward the basic standards and basic category standards of its classification. In order to cooperate with the management of geological data, the standard of measurement unit should be stipulated according to the characteristics of geological data.
2. Commercial technical standards
Business technical standards are standards formulated according to the procedures, manuals, responsibilities and requirements of geological data work, as well as some standards related to geological data business technical work. Mainly includes the following standards.
(1) business construction standards
Business construction standard is a standard for managing geological data entities. Including: filing standards, acceptance standards, sorting standards, identification standards, storage standards, statistical standards and so on.
(2) Description and indexing standards
Description and indexing are the main means of geological data information storage and retrieval, and their standards include description rules and indexing rules.
(3) development and utilization standards
Development and utilization standards are the standards for standardizing geological data services, including geological data utilization scope, reading room work norms, paid service and pricing standards, utilization benefit calculation standards, geological data information exchange norms, geological data compilation and research finished product quality standards, etc.
(4) Modern management standards
Modern management standards mainly refer to the relevant standards of applying modern technology and equipment to manage geological data, such as database construction standards, new geological data quality standards, computer use and management standards, and electronic retrieval system function evaluation standards.
(5)*** Enjoy the service standard
* * * service standard is a unified standard to promote sharing and communication under and online geological data lines, including unique identification, * * * service agreement, product classification scheme and * * * interface specification.
3. Geological archives management standards
Administrative standards are standards for geological data departments and geological data workers. Such as geological data information sharing mechanism, supporting policies for geological data industrialization development, geological data business responsibilities and institutional setting standards, geological reference room function standards, geological reference room work norms, and post responsibility systems for various geological data workers.
(3) Formulate relevant technical guidelines.
Promoting the clustering industrialization of geological data information service is to form a series of products that can meet the needs of different users and provide industrialized services through the clustering development of different types of geological data information. Due to the different types of geological data information, the technical methods of cluster development are also different. According to the characteristics of each type of geological data information, a technical guide suitable for cluster development of geological data information should be compiled. Mainly includes:
1) Technical Guide for Clearing Original Geological Data
2) Technical Guide for Physical Geological Data Cleaning
3) Technical Guide for Digitization of Important Achievements, Original and Physical Geological Data
4) Technical Guide for Database Construction of Important Boreholes
5) Guidelines for the construction of national and provincial geological data centers
6) Technical Guide for the Construction of 3D Visualized Urban Geological Information Service and Management System
7) Technical Guide for Construction of Oil and Gas Geological Data Information Service Cluster System
8) Technical Guide for Database Construction of Geological Work Degree
9) Technical Guide for the Construction of Geological Data Electronic Information Network Service Platform
10) Technical Guide for Clustering Geological Data Information Service of Important Metallogenic Zones
1 1) Technical Guide for Clustering Geological Data Information Service of Typical Deposits
Each technical guide shall include the following contents: working steps; Data arrangement format requirements; Software system or platform adopted.
Chapter IV Main conclusions
At present, China has established standards and specifications for the collection, management and utilization of geological data information services, which ensures the normal development of all work, but it can not meet the needs of promoting the clustering industrialization of geological data information services, especially in data fusion, database construction, network services, product processing and industrial development, and there are obvious deficiencies, so it is necessary to strengthen the research on the standard system. Construct the standard system model and system framework of geological data information service clustering industrialization, and formulate key technical standards such as geological data cleaning, geological data digitization, service, product development, industrialization development, data center construction and database integration, so as to provide support for promoting the clustering industrialization of geological data information service.