Lemon originated in India, is a subtropical plant, and likes warm and humid climate conditions. Lemons are produced in the southwest of China and the north of Myanmar. Lemon was cultivated late in China. There are few cultivated plants in China, which are distributed in provinces (autonomous regions) south of the Yangtze River, and Sichuan is the most cultivated.
Anyue County, ziyang, Sichuan Province is the only lemon commodity production base county in China and the hometown of lemons in China.
Taiwan Province Province is the main lemon producing area in China.
Because of its high economic benefits, lemon has been introduced to some provinces and cities south of the Yellow River.
Growth conditions of lemon:
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① Growth conditions.
Lemon grows fastest at 10 ~ 32℃. It can safely overwinter at 5℃, and long-term domesticated plants can tolerate the low temperature of -7℃ for a short time. In winter in the north, it is best to keep the lemon in a semi-dormant state at a low temperature of 5 ~ 10℃, so that the tree will grow vigorously in the coming year and be conducive to high yield. Lemon is very adaptable to soil. As long as the soil is fertile and well drained, loam can grow whether it is sand or clay. Humus soil and weakly acidic soil are better. It can also grow well in neutral or slightly alkaline soil.
② Propagation and seedling raising.
There are many propagation methods of lemon, but cutting propagation is the main one. At the end of May, cut off mature branches, each root cutting Treaty is 6 cm long, leaving two pieces to cut off 4/5 leaves, cut them into clean river sand and insert them into 2/5 sand. Cutting can be carried out in shallow pots or wooden boxes, and the density is subject to the fact that the leaves of the cuttings do not touch each other. After cutting, water it, put it in the shade, cover it with plastic film, and keep a high humidity, but the moisture can't be too much, which will cause the cuttings to rot. The optimum temperature for rooting is about 25℃. Without any growth stimulator, it usually takes 60 ~ 70 days to take root, and the rooting rate is as high as 80% ~ 90%. When the new roots grow to about 3 ~ 4 cm, the seedlings can be transplanted. It is best to transplant it into a nutrient bowl with humus, and the seedlings can be planted when they are 20 cm high.
③ Fertilizer and water management.
Lemons need plenty of fertilizer and water. The supply of water can not only meet the needs of growth, but also avoid water damage. Lemons planted in plastic sheds should be watered in time. The principle of annual water supply is small at both ends of spring and autumn and large in midsummer. Water management should be appropriate, and attention should be paid to observation at ordinary times. If the leaves are yellow, they may be too wet, so control watering; If the leaves are dry, they should be replenished with water immediately. The fertilization principle of lemon is to apply it frequently and thinly, and then apply it at critical moments. The flowering period and rapid expansion period of small fruit are the key periods when more fertilizer is needed. The annual fertilizer supply is also less in spring and autumn and more in midsummer. Lemon needs mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and more attention should be paid to the application of magnesium and potassium fertilizer.
④ Cultivation management.
Sufficient sunlight, high air humidity, suitable temperature and unobstructed air environment are the most ideal conditions for lemon growth. Prune properly every spring; Cut off dense branches, twigs, overlapping branches, drooping branches and diseased branches. Strong branches need not be cut, long branches should be raised, and old branches should be cut short to promote their renewal. After pruning, the branches should not be messy, but also maintain a considerable density to form a good round crown. The fruit of lemon mainly depends on the branches of that year, especially the strong branches. So pruning is particularly important. In early summer, the temperature is getting higher, the sunshine is getting stronger, and the air humidity is low, which is beneficial to the transformation of lemon from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and promotes flower bud differentiation. The higher the temperature, the thicker the juice, which is more conducive to the differentiation of flower buds. The high yield of lemon cultivated in plastic greenhouse is due to the high temperature in the greenhouse in spring, which is conducive to the formation of flower buds and lays the foundation for a bumper harvest. Therefore, promoting flowers is the core of lemon pruning and the key to good harvest.
⑤ Pest control.
Lemons have strong resistance to pests and diseases, especially in the north, where the climate is dry and there are few pests and diseases. Common pests are scale insects, red spiders, aphids and butterflies. The only common disease is soot disease. Once the scale insects are found, brush them off with a small brush or spray 20 # petroleum emulsion with water 100 ~ 150 times for control. Starscream can be killed with 50% dicofol 1000 times solution. Aphids are mostly parasitic on young leaves and can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate EC 1500 times. Papilio larvae can be captured manually, and egg pieces can be scraped off by hand. Soot rot is scrubbed or sprayed with clean water 1500 ~ 2000 times carbendazim. Mainly prevent pests and diseases, and pay attention to cleanliness and hygiene in cultivation management. There is dust on the leaves, so wash them with water. Ventilation and light transmission are also important.
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