The following may help you:
Ethernet:
Ethernet is the most common communication protocol standard adopted by LAN. This standard defines the cable types and signal processing methods used in local area network (LAN). Ethernet transmits data packets between interconnected devices at the rate of 10~ 100Mbps. Twisted-pair 10 Base T Ethernet has become the most widely used Ethernet technology because of its low cost, high reliability and 10Mbps. Direct spread spectrum wireless Ethernet can reach 1 1Mbps, and the products provided by many manufacturers can communicate with each other using common software protocols, which has the best openness.
(Note: For double-stranded wires, Category 5 wires can reach 100Mbps, while Category 3 wires only have 100 Mbps).
Fast Ethernet:
With the development of network, the traditional standard Ethernet technology has been difficult to meet the increasing demand of network data transmission speed. Before 1993, in 10, for LAN applications requiring data traffic above 10Mbps, only fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) was available, but this is a very expensive LAN based on 100 Mbps optical cable. 1993 10, Grand Junction introduced the world's first fast Ethernet hub fastswitch10100 and network card FastNIC 100, and the fast Ethernet technology was formally applied. Subsequently, Intel, SynOptics, 3COM, BayNetworks and other companies also launched their own fast Ethernet devices. At the same time, the IEEE802 engineering team also studied various standards of 100Mbps Ethernet, such as 100 base-TX, 100 base-T4, MII, repeater, full duplex and so on. 1in March, 1995, IEEE published the IEEE 802.3U 100BASE-T fast Ethernet standard, which started the era of fast Ethernet.
Compared with FDDI which used to work in 100Mbps bandwidth, Fast Ethernet has many advantages. Most importantly, the fast Ethernet technology can effectively ensure the user's investment in the basic realization of wiring. Support the connection of 3, 4 and 5 twisted pairs and optical fibers, which can effectively use the existing facilities.
100Mbps fast Ethernet standard is divided into three subclasses: 100base-TX, 100base-FX and 100base-T4.
100BASE-TX: It is a fast Ethernet technology that uses unshielded twisted pair or shielded twisted pair for class 5 data. It uses two pairs of twisted pairs, one for sending data and the other for receiving data. The transmission adopts 4b/5b coding mode, and the signal frequency is 125MHz. It conforms to Class 5 wiring standard of EIA586 and Class 0 wiring standard of SPT 1 of IBM. Use the same rj-45 connector as10base-t. The maximum segment length is100m. It supports full duplex data transmission.
100base-FX: It is a fast Ethernet technology using optical cables. Single-mode and multimode fibers (62.5 and 125um) are used, and the maximum distance of multimode fiber connection can reach 550m m.. The maximum distance of single-mode fiber connection is 3000 meters. The transmission adopts 4b/5b coding mode, and the signal frequency is 125MHz. It uses MIC/FDDI connector, ST connector or SC connector. The maximum segment length is 150m, 4 12m, 2000m or longer to 10 km, which is related to the type of optical fiber used and the working mode. It supports full duplex data transmission. 100base-FX is especially suitable for environments with electrical interference, long-distance connection or high security.
100base-T4: It is a fast Ethernet technology, which can use unshielded twisted pair or shielded twisted pair of Category 3, 4 and 5. It uses 4 twisted pairs, 3 pairs for data transmission and 1 pair for collision signal detection. The transmission adopts 8B/6T coding mode, and the signal frequency is 25MHz, which conforms to the EIA586 structured wiring standard. It uses the same RJ-45 connector as 10BASE-T, and the maximum segment length is100m.
gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet is a technology based on Ethernet standard. Gigabit Ethernet and widely used Ethernet are completely compatible with fast Ethernet, using all technical specifications specified in the original Ethernet standard, including CSMA/CD protocol defined in IEEE 802.3 standard, Ethernet frame, full duplex, flow control and management object. As a part of Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet also supports traffic management technology to ensure the quality of service on Ethernet. These technologies include IEEE 802. 1P Layer 2 priority, Layer 3 priority QoS coding bits, special service and resource reservation protocol (RSVP).
Gigabit Ethernet also uses IEEE 802. 1QVLAN support, Gigabit Layer 4 filtering and Layer 3 switching. Gigabit Ethernet was originally designed as a switching technology, using optical fiber as the uplink between buildings. After that, Gigabit Ethernet was widely used to connect servers and backbone networks. With the introduction of IEEE 802.3ab standard (Gigabit Ethernet standard, five or more types of unshielded twisted pair), Gigabit Ethernet can be applied to any large, medium and small enterprises and institutions.
At present, Gigabit Ethernet has developed into the mainstream network technology. Large enterprises with thousands of people and small and medium-sized enterprises with dozens of people will take Gigabit Ethernet technology as the preferred high-speed network technology when building enterprise LAN. Gigabit Ethernet technology is even replacing ATM technology and becoming the main force in metropolitan area network construction.
The characteristics of Gigabit Ethernet mainly include the following points.
1. Gigabit Ethernet provides a perfect migration path and fully protects the investment of existing network infrastructure. Gigabit Ethernet will retain IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet frame formats and 802.3 management object specifications, so that enterprises can upgrade to Gigabit performance while retaining existing cables, operating systems, protocols, desktop applications and network management strategies and tools;
2. Compared with the original fast Ethernet, FDDI, ATM and other backbone solutions, Gigabit Ethernet provides the best path. At least at present, it is a reliable and economical method to improve the backbone connection between switches and the connection between switches and servers. Network designers can build high-speed infrastructure and make effective use of high-speed mission-critical applications and file backups. Network administrators will provide users with faster access to Internet, Intranet, MAN and WAN.
3.IEEE 802.3 Working Group has established 802.3z and 802.3ab Gigabit Ethernet Working Groups, whose task is to develop Gigabit Ethernet standards that meet different needs. The standard supports full-duplex and half-duplex 1000Mbps, and the corresponding operation adopts the frame format of IEEE 802.3 Ethernet and CSMA/CD media access control mode. Gigabit Ethernet is also backward compatible with 10BaseT and 100BaseT. In addition, the IEEE standard will support multimode optical fiber with a maximum distance of 550 meters, single-mode optical fiber with a maximum distance of 70 kilometers and copper shaft cable with a maximum distance of 100 meters. Gigabit Ethernet fills the gap of 802.3 Ethernet/Fast Ethernet standard.
10 Gigabit Ethernet technology:
Since 1982 Ethernet protocol was adopted as the standard by IEEE, it has experienced ups and downs for 20 years. In these 20 years, Ethernet technology, as the standard of LAN link layer, has defeated technologies such as token bus, token ring, wangnet and 25MATM, and become the de facto standard of LAN. At present, the market share of Ethernet technology in LAN is over 90%.
In these 20 years, Ethernet developed from the initial 10M thick cable bus to 10Base5 10M thin cable, and then briefly retreated:1base51baseline, and then Ethernet technology developed to the familiar star twisted pair10. With the improvement of bandwidth requirements and the enhancement of equipment capabilities, fast Ethernet has emerged: five types of wired transmission 100BaseTX, three types of wired transmission 100BaseT4 and optical fiber transmission 100ba setx. With the further improvement of bandwidth, Gigabit Ethernet interface BLACKPINK appeared, including short wavelength optical transmission 1000Base-SX, long wavelength optical transmission 1000Base-LX and five types of wired transmission1000base. 18 July, IEEE passed 802.3ae: 10 Gbit/s Ethernet, also known as 10 Gigabit Ethernet.
100BaseT is a milestone in Ethernet technology, which establishes the dominant position of Ethernet technology in desktop. Gigabit Ethernet and the subsequent 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard are two more important standards. Through these two standards, Ethernet technology extends from desktop LAN technology to the convergence and backbone of campus network and metropolitan area network.
Brief introduction of 10 Gigabit Ethernet technology
Ethernet adopts CSMA/CD mechanism, that is, carrier sense multiple access with collision detection. Gigabit Ethernet interfaces are basically used for point-to-point lines and no longer enjoy bandwidth. Collision detection, carrier monitoring and multiple access are no longer important. The biggest similarity between Gigabit Ethernet and traditional low-speed Ethernet lies in the same Ethernet frame structure. 10 Gigabit Ethernet technology is similar to Gigabit Ethernet, and still retains the Ethernet frame structure. The transmission speed of 10Gbit/s is provided by different coding methods or wavelength division multiplexing. So in essence, 10G Ethernet is still a kind of Ethernet.
IEEE adopted 10G Ethernet in July 2002. 10G Ethernet includes 10Gbase-X, 10Gbase-R and 1 0gbase-x in ultra-compact package, which includes1more simple WDM devices. The speed of each transmitter/receiver pair is 3. 125Gbit/s (data flow speed is 2.5Gbit/s). 10Gbase-R is a serial interface with 64B/66B encoding (instead of 8B/ 10B used in Gigabit Ethernet). The data stream is 10.000Gbit/s, so the generated clock rate is10.3gbit/s ..10gbase-w, which is a WAN interface and compatible with SONEOC-192. Its clock is 9.953 Gbps, and its data stream is 9.585 Gbps. ..
We can provide "Fast Ethernet Fiber Transceiver" and "Gigabit Ethernet Fiber Transceiver".
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