This paper introduces the background of the concept of sponge city construction, and illustrates the key technologies of building sponge city from the aspects of water system wetland, green square, urban road and residential area, so as to further promote the development of resource-saving and environment-friendly society.
Sponge city, as its name implies, is a city like a sponge. Absorb water when it rains, release water when it is dry, and adjust the urban dry humidity independently. The more official concept of sponge city refers to a brand-new concept of urban waterlogging control, which is a way for urban construction to adapt to environmental changes and cope with waterlogging disasters. Its mechanism is to absorb water, store water, seep water and purify water when it rains, and release the stored water when it is dry. Now the country has tried this concept in some cities in order to achieve good results. Relevant experts and scholars have also conducted in-depth discussion, research and practice on this hypothetical model.
Put forward the construction concept of 1 sponge city.
1. 1 adapt to modern urban construction.
With the construction of modern cities, there are many tall buildings and asphalt roads extending in all directions, the area of urban green space is gradually decreasing, and the water seepage capacity is seriously reduced. More and more rainwater resources flow into urban sewers, wasting water resources. In view of this situation, the concept of sponge city is put forward, which makes more use of rivers, lakes, green vegetation and even some newly developed honeycomb perforated floor tiles in the city to absorb the rainwater that permeates nature and prevent the urban diseases caused by the uncertainty of precipitation-drought and flood.
1.2 Maintain the balance of urban ecological environment
The earth is our home. With the rapid development of the city, the emission of automobile exhaust and industrial sewage has seriously damaged the urban ecological environment. As a member of the city and the builder of the sponge city, it is urgent to maintain the ecological balance of the city. Sponge city construction plays a role by building water system wetlands, green squares, urban roads and internal digestion of plots. These measures are convenient for maintaining the balance of urban ecological environment.
1.3 Make full use of natural water resources
There was an impressive public service advertisement before-the last drop of water in nature will be people's tears, which shows the importance of water resources to human beings. In the previous urban model, most rainwater flowed into urban sewers through rainwater collection facilities such as manhole covers. The clean and clear water of nature flows directly into underground sewers, which is undoubtedly the biggest waste of precious water resources. More importantly, for some coastal cities affected by monsoon, heavy rainfall or even typhoon and rainstorm in summer can easily lead to urban waterlogging, landslides, mudslides and other disasters, posing a serious threat to the local economy and even the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, building a sponge city is conducive to making full use of water resources and reducing the safety losses of people's lives and property. Based on the above three situations, the construction of sponge city will certainly play a great role in alleviating urban "drought and flood" disasters, reducing urban heat island effect and promoting urbanization.
2 Key technologies in the concept of sponge city construction
The construction concept of sponge city is becoming more and more mature, but the actual technical level and effect still need time to test. Its key technologies mainly include water system wetland, green square, urban road and internal digestion of plots. The following is a detailed introduction.
2. 1 drainage wetland
As a city purifier, river wetland plays an important role in urban environmental protection, climate regulation and ecological balance. Water system is a water network system composed of all rivers and lakes in the basin, and its storage function is directly related to river length, flow direction, water system condition and basin scope, number and shape of tributaries, shape and density of river network, etc. Wetlands are shallow water areas with static or flowing water bodies, such as natural or man-made swamps, which together with oceans and forests constitute the world's three major ecosystems, thus showing its important role in the construction of sponge cities.
Nowadays, more and more cities begin to build artificial lakes, whether parks or residential areas, artificial lakes with beautiful shapes and cool water quality or artificial water belts, to purify the environment and enhance the city's water storage and drainage capacity. The author believes that the relevant departments have increasingly rich experience in wetland water system construction, and the wetland water system construction technology in pilot cities is relatively mature. But at the same time, we should pay more attention to construction and management, give full play to the functions of natural and artificial water system wetlands in storing water, replenishing water and purifying water quality, build a sponge city, protect the ecological environment, reduce droughts and floods and benefit urban residents.
2.2 Greenland Square
Green space is a technical term in urban planning, which is called urban green space. Refers to the green space used by the city to improve the ecology, protect the environment, provide recreation places for residents and beautify the landscape. Greenland Square is actually the street garden of the city, which has a lot of vegetation. Using photosynthesis to effectively absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen has a great contribution to alleviating the urban heat island effect. With the development of urbanization, many cities have built infrastructure such as street gardens and square green spaces, which not only beautify the environment and serve the masses, but also play a powerful role in saving water, absorbing water when it rains, and evaporating and releasing water when it is dry.
In recent years, urban construction regards park green space as a "reservoir". The excess water in urban precipitation is absorbed and conserved by lush vegetation, and then evaporated by sunlight in vegetation, forming small water droplets that condense into clouds in the sky and finally land in the city, realizing ecological water circulation. In order to build a new sponge city, the construction of green square is imminent, and the planting and cultivation of vegetation depends on experienced landscape workers in the city. It is worth mentioning that the appearance of a new type of honeycomb permeable floor tile not only makes the urban park road get rid of the muddy dirt road in rainy and snowy weather, but also can quickly and effectively infiltrate rainwater into the soil under the floor tile to store water. In the path of urban green space, this material can be widely used to realize the sponge function of green space.
2.3 Urban roads
Traffic determines the rise and fall of a city to a certain extent. Urban road traffic extending in all directions makes business communication more convenient, which is bound to drive the economic development of the whole city. Nowadays, urban roads are wider, grander and more solid, but it can not be ignored that these roads do not leak water, and even seriously hinder the drainage of rainwater, resulting in urban waterlogging. Therefore, in urban road construction, attention should be paid to improving the sewer system, ensuring the safety of manhole covers, making full use of permeable and breathable materials to build urban traffic roads, reducing drought and flood disasters, and truly realizing the construction of sponge cities. In recent years, the city where I live has vigorously advocated the improvement of the urban sewer system, the establishment of a sound small water pipe system, the reduction of urban waterlogging, the full use of rainwater, and the alleviation of urban water shortage.
2.4 Inside the plot
As an indispensable part of urban construction, the planning within the plot also plays an important role in the construction and implementation of sponge city. Land planning should be based on the actual situation of the city, targeted and reasonable arrangements for each part of the land. To build a sponge city, we should pay attention to the construction of greening, gardens, wetlands and lakes. Therefore, in the process of construction, on the basis of ensuring the normal and orderly operation of the city, this part should be taken as the key construction object to realize the reasonable planning of the sponge city. For example, in a city, it is necessary to rationally plan land use and allocate the proportion of construction land, green land and wetland lakes in the city. Reasonable planning can better play the role of water conservation and truly make the city develop better.
3 Conclusion
Sponge city is a new urban form and a new urban concept with the development of the times. Its development conforms to the development concept of protecting nature and maintaining ecological balance, and will be more widely promoted in the future. Whether it is a water system wetland or a green square, or the internal planning of urban roads and plots, these are the hardware facilities that a sponge city should have. What we have to do is to master the construction technology of sponge city and make use of the construction policy of sponge city to better serve the urban residents and benefit the people and build our unique resource-saving and environment-friendly society.
The above are collected and sorted by Zhong Da Consulting Company.
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