At the beginning of Beiyue, it was said that the "Beiyue God" was in charge of one party, and Zhou Li regarded the Three Duke of Wuyue as the waiting duke. In the early Tang Dynasty, Beiyue was called "the king of Beiyue", and in the middle Tang Dynasty, wuyue was called: Tianbao six years (AD 784), and Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was named "Beiyue God as the king of security". In the ninth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (A.D. 10 16), An Tian, the king of Jiabei Yue in Song Zhenzong, was named "the Saint Emperor of Beiyue An Tian Tianyuan" and the title of Queen. On the basis of previous generations, the Yuan Dynasty sealed "Beiyue as the holy emperor of Zhenyuan (Xuan) in An Tian". In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1370), Beiyue was renamed as "Mount Hengshan God of Beiyue". Before the Han Dynasty, the sacrificial system in wuyue varied according to the situation. In the second year of Emperor Gaozu (205 BC), a full-time sacrificial staff was set up, and in the first year of Emperor Gaozu's Xuan Di (6 1 year BC), an imperial edict was issued to determine the specific location of wuyue. The worship of wuyue is becoming more and more perfect and institutionalized, forming the sacrificial system of wuyue, and it is gradually expanding with the sacrificial activities. The article "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books in the Later Han Dynasty" wrote: "In February of the third year of Zhang in the Later Han Dynasty, the messenger worshipped Hengshan. According to the Book of the Emperor in the Later Han Dynasty, in February 2003, Chen Wu entered the DPRK and sent an envoy to worship Beiyue. According to Heng Yuezhi, when the emperor visited Zhongshan in the north, he sent envoys to worship Beiyue in Shangquyang and Taifei. When he saw the yellow and white gas, more than a dozen fish jumped out. " In the second year of Wei and Huang in the Three Kingdoms (AD 22 1), he worshipped Beiyue. In the sixth year of Jintai (AD 270), the Temple of Beiyue Mountain was built.
In the fourth year of Taichang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 4 19), Yuan Di traveled eastward to Yanmenguan in the Ming Dynasty and sent envoys to worship Heng Yue. In the seventh year of Taichang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 422), Yuan Di made a southern tour in the Ming Dynasty, and officials from all directions (from Pingcheng to the south) and their entourage worshipped Beiyue as "Tai Prison". In the fourth year of Taiping Zhenjun in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 443), Emperor Wu toured Daquyang in Zhongshan and published the name of Xerox. In the 11th year of Taiping Zhenjun in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 450), Emperor Taizu marched south and passed through Hengshan Mountain, where he sacrificed cattle, sheep and pigs. In the first year of peace in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 460), Wen Chengdi traveled eastward to offer sacrifices to Guheng Mountain in the north. According to the Chronicle of the Northern Wei Dynasty, in the eighth year of Taihe (AD 496), Emperor Xiaowen personally "offered sacrifices to Wen Yue" and "Emperor Xiaowen personally sent envoys to offer sacrifices to Heng Yue and Jade". "The Integration of Ancient and Modern Books in the Northern Wei Dynasty" contains: "In the autumn and August of the fourth year, Emperor Taizong sent an envoy to worship Hengshan. According to Shu Wei Taizong Biography, in the eighth year of the Northern History of Wei Ming and Yuan Taizong, Xin Wei sent an envoy to worship Heng Yue in the east.
Zi Zhi Tong Jian contains: In August of the fifth year of Yang Di's great cause (AD 6 10), the emperor personally worshipped Heng Yue to forgive the world, and the Hebei Daojun kept the collection. Pei Ju caused more than ten countries from the Western Regions to come to offer sacrifices. "The Book of Rites of Sui Shu" also states: Emperor Yang Di "was lucky enough to visit famous mountains and rivers, and then he was followed by priests. Yuedu is too hard, and the mountains and rivers are less hard. " Emperor Yangdi Yang Di Yang Guang visited the Beiyue Temple in Quyang to offer sacrifices to Beiyue, and more than ten countries in the western regions sent envoys to assist in the sacrifice. At that time, the county magistrates of Hebei Road gathered in Quyang for a visit. During the Zhenguan period of Wude in the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-627), it was stipulated to sacrifice once a year, which was too tight. The chief sacrificial officer was appointed as the governor and priest, with a temple order 1 name, 30 Zhai Lang and 3 Zhu Li. In the 19th year of Tang Zhenguan (AD 645), Emperor Taizong conquered Korea (present-day Korea) and sent envoys to worship Beiyue. Li Keyong, king of Jin Dynasty, went to Beiyue Temple to pray for thanks and left an inscription. After the Tang Dynasty, (Li Keyong's son Li) and my ambassador in Yiwu (Dingzhou Secretariat) have been to Beiyue Temple. Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu, once wrote a letter, taking Quyang county magistrate as the temple official and county commandant as the temple official, who was in charge of offering sacrifices to Beiyue. In the fourth year of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu (AD 10 1 1), Beiyue was made the Holy Emperor of An Tian, and Feng Qi and Pei Zhuang were sent to Beiyue Hall with jade books and royal clothes. In the ninth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (A.D. 10 15), Zhao Hengqin, Song Zhenzong, wrote "The Literature of Beiyue Gao Yao" and carved it on a stone pillar.
In the Book of Rites of the Jin Dynasty, it was recorded that in the fourth year of Dading (A.D. 1 164), the ceremony official said, "Yue Zhenhai's blasphemy should be sacrificed to the spirits of the five suburbs." Wang Jing, the birthday minister, prayed for rain in Beiyue. According to the evolution of allusions in the Song Dynasty, Jin offered sacrifices to Hengshan Mountain in the north of Dingzhou in Lidong, and the county mayor took two officials as the curtain and three ceremonies as the ceremony. In the first year of Cheng 'an in Jin Zhangzong (A.D. 1 196), the rain-praying and sacrificial activities of Shangshuwei, the ritual department of Beiyue Yuan Dynasty, became more and more detailed. "History of the Yuan Dynasty Sacrifice Records" contains: In the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 129 1), in February of spring, Beiyue was named Xuansheng Emperor, a big town in An Tian. "The five rites of the Yuan Dynasty were all done in accordance with national customs, but the sacrifices were a bit old. The Prime Minister was ordered to select old ministers and courtiers as ambassadors of wuyue, Sidu and Hayes. " In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang issued a new law to get rid of the old cloth, changed the title of the gods from the original name to the "Rite and Music Bureau", and designated two festivals, Spring and Autumn. In the 3rd year (A.D. 1370) and 10th year (A.D. 1377) of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang appointed Xu Da, the Duke of Wei, to offer sacrifices at Beiyue Temple in Quyang.
In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1660), the Qing ancestors issued a decree to change Beiyue to Hunyuan Prefecture in Shanxi Province, and the worship of Beiyue Temple in Quyang County was no longer listed as a national sacrifice. "Ming Jiajing moved to Beiyue in Hunyuan in the afternoon, so I went to the DPRK, and Quyang Temple was abolished." According to Quyang County's records, this reconstruction is no longer a state grant. Although the national sacrifice has ended, the spring and autumn sacrifice is still presided over by the county magistrate, offering a small prison, and the scale of sacrifice tends to be semi-official and semi-folk. Beiyue Temple was built in Xuan Wudi period of Northern Wei Dynasty (500 ~ 5 12), and it was a place for worshipping Beiyue. It was established in successive dynasties until the seventeenth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1660), where Mount Heng was dedicated. During the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty (627 ~ 649), Beiyue Temple was rebuilt, and it was repaired and expanded to varying degrees in subsequent dynasties. The main buildings of Beiyue Temple are arranged on the north-south central axis. Existing buildings include Yuxiang Pavilion, Lingxiao Gate, Sanshanmen, Taifei Temple Site and Dening Hall. There are also some stone pavilions on both sides. After the early Qing Dynasty, it was changed to worship Hunyuan in Shanxi. The existing Beiyue Temple was built in Jingming and Yongping years in Xuan Wudi during the Southern and Northern Dynasties (500-5 12).
Beiyue Hall was built by the royal nobles to worship the "God of Mount Hengshan in Beiyue", hence the name "Beiyue Hall". Beiyue Temple is located on the west side of Quyang County. The temple is beautifully built, carved with beams and painted with buildings, magnificent and spectacular, with a stele gallery, a stone carving hall and a museum. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit. It was built in the Northern Wei Dynasty (500-5 12) in Xuan Wudi next year, and was renovated many times in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Beiyue Temple covers an area of 542 meters, with a width of 32 1 m from east to west and a total area of174,000 square meters. Its architectural pattern is dominated by the central axis, and the west wing is symmetrical with the classical architectural form. The main building in the temple, Dening Temple, is located at the northern end of the central axis, with the Flying Stone Hall, Sanshanmen, Lingxiao Gate, Yuxiang Pavilion, Chaoyue Gate and Wumen Gate in turn in the south. On both sides of the main hall are east and west zhaofu doors. There are also eight other buildings, such as the stone tablet building, scattered in the hatchback of the central axis.
The most spectacular mural of Beiyue Temple is "Dening Temple". There are tall murals on the east and west walls of the temple, 6.5 meters high and 17.6 meters long. There is a picture of the Heavenly Palace painted by Wu Daozi, a painter in the Tang Dynasty. Behind the wall of Beishan Mountain, there is a huge colorful mural "The Tour Map of Hengshan Mountain in Beiyue". The murals are 8 meters high and 27 meters long, with murals on the east and west sides. Mural content: The oriental mural is "Cloud Rain", which depicts many gods, vulgar things, cloud rain and showers for the benefit of the people. The largest figure is as high as 3.3 meters; The mural in the west is Xianning in the World, which depicts the scene of the gods returning to the palace after successfully completing the task of urging clouds and distributing rain. The God of the Western Wall (Zhong Kui) is the essence of the whole mural, with strong muscles and ferocious appearance, and flying in the air. There are 73 people in the two murals, and none of them are the same in many tasks. They are vivid and lifelike. The mural in Beishan is a portrait of the god Hengshan in Beiyue. According to legend, the characters in the murals of Beiyue Temple in Quyang and the water on the murals of Bailin Temple in Zhao County were painted by Wu Daozi, a great painter in the Tang Dynasty, so there is a legend of "Quyang Ghost, Zhaozhou Water". The "flying god" in Quyang and the "water" on the murals of Bailin Temple in Zhaozhou (Zhaoxian) were both painted by Wu Daozi in the Tang Dynasty, so there are stories.
Beiyue Temple is one of the largest historical sites in Hebei Province, with more than 200 historical sites, temples and buildings, as well as a stele gallery and monument building. In terms of time, there are various inscriptions from the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, spanning 1500 years. Most of the inscriptions are records of rebuilding Beiyue Temple and offering sacrifices to Beiyue gods in past dynasties, and some of them use poems, words, songs and fu notes to reflect on the past. In terms of calligraphy art, there are fonts such as Zhen, Cao, Li, seal and running script. The earliest stone carvings were carved in the third year of Heping in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 462), which are extremely precious and rare among the existing stone carvings in China. There are Monument to Hengshan Temple in Beiyue, Dingzhou, Datang, Monument to Beiyue God, Monument to Tianwang Temple in Beiyue, Monument to Beiyue Temple in Dasong, Monument to Su Shi's Poems and Monument to Beiyue, which can be called a treasure house of calligraphy art and study the politics and economy of our time.
There is a sculpture art museum in Beiyue Temple, where more than 100 ancient sculptures are preserved. His works include figures, animals, Buddha statues and classic buildings, among which Shi Hu in the Western Han Dynasty, Shishi in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Thousand Buddhas in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Stone Lantern in the Tang Dynasty, Giant Buddha in the Tang Dynasty, Stone Buddha laughing monk in the Jin Dynasty and classic buildings are the most outstanding. The works are beautiful in shape, exquisite in knife work and clear and smooth in lines, which fully show the different styles and characteristics of stone carving art in northern China in different historical periods [1]. Ge Hong, a famous Taoist priest in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, called Hengshan Mountain Taiheng Mountain, also known as Hengzong, Yue Maoqiu. Tianfeng is famous on the mountain, Beiyue Pass is built under the mountain, and Houtusi Town is built on the peak. In front of Beiyue Temple, the wind roars and it is called the tiger's mouth, so it is the temple on the tiger's mouth. According to the Taoist Tale of the Blessed Land, there is Yunquan in Taiyuan, with Longquan Temple built on the top, Guo Laoling (Zhang Temple) in the east, a platform on the north peak, Huixian House under the stage and Baiyun Hall in the northeast. When I first entered the mountain, there was a famous Buyun Road. There are several rows of Cui Yun Pavilion. The upper court slope is called Xianling, the east half cliff is Jixian Cave, the west has Dezhen Cave, Yuanhuan Cave and Bailong Cave, the northwest has Jinlong Cave (Longwang Temple, called Zongzhen Temple), and there is a temple outside the cave. The scenery of Beiyue recorded in "Pillow Book", Li Daoyuan's "Notes on Water Classics" called Hengshan Xiasi, which was lost in the chaos at the end of Han Dynasty, and the mountain road was impassable. The Jin and Wei Dynasties were changed into two temples (the East Temple is now Quyang Beiyue Temple and the West Temple is Fuping Beiyue Temple), and the monuments and altars in front of the temple are juxtaposed. In the fourth year of Guanghe in the Eastern Han Dynasty (18 1), there was an inscription in the lower hall of Hengshan Mountain, with the name of Changshan Xiangfeng Xun being taboo. "Jifu Tongzhi Jinshi" said that the ancient Hengshan Beiyue view was built by the Western Han Dynasty.
During the reign of Jin Dading (1161-189), Chen Zhenren was born in Qingxu Guan, Gegongshan. In the ninth year of Dading (1 169), I built a garden in Hengshan and watched it. Built in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there were many Taoist priests in the temple of Hengshan Mountain. For example, Du Fu, the enlightener of the concept of the true monarch of the Mongolian Xianzong, established the concept of the true monarch from the second year of Xianzong (1252) to the second year of Shizu to Yuan (1265). Appointed (1321-1323), Taiding Emperor (1324-1328), Sun Daowei, Zhao Daoxiang and Peng as abbots of Beiyue Temple.
Guheng Mountain is also a famous Buddhist mountain. Shi, one of the top ten famous monks in China in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, led 500 believers to Hengshan Mountain in Taihang Mountain in 354 to build a temple tower to preach. Hui Yuan and his younger brother, Hui Zhi, later became a generation of Buddhist masters. At this time, they came to Hengshan to study Taoism and were ordained, forming a Buddhist monk group in Hengshan with Dao 'an as the core. Due to the war, political turmoil and frequent natural disasters of ethnic minorities in Hebei, Daoan mentoring can't stand in Hebei. In the first year of Longhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (362), they led hundreds of monks to the female forest mountain of Wu Wang in Henan Province.
There were 72 temples in Hengshan Mountain in ancient times, and now the remains of temples can be seen everywhere in the folds of Yangshan Mountain. It was destroyed because of the war. There used to be more than 10 thousand bronze statues on the mountain, one of which was a bronze statue that could accommodate four people playing cards. The ears and eyes were all destroyed. At the entrance of Jinlong Cave, the Temple of the Virgin Five Dragons enters two halls, surrounded by mountains and waters. There is a 13 monument in the old county annals and temples, and the cave was originally called Zongzhenguan. It was carved on a flat plate, and it is said that Yu Ji was endowed with this charm at the end of the Han Dynasty. Song Xue Suijing Sanyi Cave prayed for rain, sealed Hou and added Jue Ming. The general truth view of the old county annals was founded in Jintaihe four years ago (1204).
There are more than one Beiyue Temple, Huang Yu Temple, Notre Dame de San Xiao, Wang Yao Temple, Yanjing Temple and Guandi Temple 10 in Guheng Mountain. Tangxian and Laiyuan built Beiyue Palace on the east and north sides of Guheng Mountain respectively. Sacrifice to Beiyue in Fuping County is from the second day of February to the fifteenth day of March in the lunar calendar, and Laiyuan is on the eighteenth day of March.