The "animals" and emotional scenes in the works basically adhere to the materialistic position, while the western theory of empathy is due to
It emphasizes that subjective emotion is projected on the object in the process of subject appreciation, but it does not specify that emotion is transferred into the representation of consciousness and carried.
The color of subjective idealism. The disadvantage of both is that they often stay in the statement of perceptual experience without empathy for aesthetics.
Make a scientific and in-depth analysis of the situation in conscious activities. Although western empathy theory tries to explore the psychological mechanism of empathy
However, the psychological mechanism of empathy has not been scientifically explained from the aesthetic point of view.
(2)
There have been different lawsuits about the psychological mechanism of empathy, and the focus of the debate is whether empathy can be related to ideas.
Explain. Among German empathy aestheticians, aestheticians represented by Sibeck insist on the explanation of conceptual association.
The aesthetician represented by Kurt strongly opposes the explanation of conceptual association. Rips' attitude on this issue is sharp.
Shield, he mainly studies the illusion of geometric forms, so he also explains the displacement with the illusion caused by the similar association of geometric forms.
Love, and feel that "anything that only has ordinary associations with what you see does not belong."
Pure aesthetic object "[1 1]. Obviously, Ripps also noticed that the similar association in common sense is to describe "knowledge"
"Process, simply using similar associations to explain empathy, seems to abandon the role of feeling in empathy and some objects.
The emotional representation is vague, and it is difficult to explain why people give such feelings to an object with similar associations.
Not that kind of emotion, so aesthetic empathy should first start with the function of emotion.
Emotion, as an adaptive psychological expression affirmed by human beings in the long-term evolution and development, not only strengthens subjectivity.
The reaction potential energy of internal drive needs to dominate people's will and action, and it is organized in the form of emotional field.
Psychological activities provide a certain emotional reflection psychological background for the selection and processing of external stimulus information. In some kind of emotion
The representation and emotion formed in the scene will establish a temporary connection in people's subjective consciousness, and give emotion to the outside world in subjective consciousness.
Things.
First of all, the emotional response triggered by foreign objects has some relationship with emotions, and the relationship between foreign objects and emotions is influenced by the subjects.
Confirmed by the emotional response, the representation is formed in this situation, and it is bound to be accompanied by the corresponding emotional memory, in the subjective consciousness.
Representation and emotion have established a temporary connection, and emotion has infiltrated into representation 3 in the form of temporary connection. In the collective appearance of mankind
In the past, there were many emotional appearances, such as angry flames and sad dark clouds. If we look at someone,
A thing causes a corresponding emotional response, and this emotional fluctuation will be diffracted into the image of the object in a temporary way.
Images are influenced by emotions, and the images thus formed are permeated with corresponding emotional factors. Of course, it is relatively calm.
The infiltration of emotional color in mental state is not obvious. Ma Zhiyuan's poem Tianjingsha Qiu Si
We showed such a poet's perception of the world: "An old tree with withered vines is humming, a small bridge is flowing, and an ancient road is thin and westerly."
Horses, the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. The external scene of Xiao Suo's decline, to some extent, evoked the poet's wandering and love for the people.
The feeling of loneliness, the temporary connection between external scenes and subjective emotions are affirmed by the subject, and so are external emotions.
It becomes the poet's emotional expression because it is loaded with decadent and sentimental emotions.
Secondly, emotion has the function of selecting and assimilating external stimulus information. Emotion regulates the state of the nerve center, making people
Some centers produce excitement, while others produce inhibition, thus changing the attention of the brain in the cerebral cortex.
The corresponding region forms the dominant excitation center, which is the core of information processing in cerebral cortex and has corresponding excitability. Hedang
Information related to the pre-emotional state is often outside the center of attention, while irrelevant information is on the edge of attention, just like a horse.
Alex said, "anxious poor people don't even feel the most beautiful scenery." [12] Piaget also pointed out in his later years
Come out, feeling determines the tendency to approach or avoid the situation. Although the same emotional state has a positive impact on all external stimuli,
Or negative effects, but the stimulation related to this emotional state is always easy to expand the temporary connection of nerves and gain priority.
Reason. In Pan Yue's poem "Mourning for His Wife", we can see that the poet's endless yearning for his dead wife makes him daunting.
All I touched were the relics of my dead wife: "There is no f?ng @ 4fú @ ⑤ on the picture, but there are traces on the calligraphy. Leave a legacy before you rest.
Still on the wall. Missing his dead wife makes things related to his dead wife become the focus of the poet's attention, while others in the room.
The display was ignored. At the same time, emotions make the body in a specific state and migrate in certain situations.
Function, so that external stimuli are assimilated. The same stimulus information has different meanings due to different subject states, because
But in the subjective consciousness of the subject, the same thing presents different faces. It's moonlight and clouds, which you will feel when you are in a good mood.
Fuzzy and chaotic, endless beauty and interest; When you are in a bad mood, you will feel pain and depression. The same is the sun, in
Different situations also present different faces to the subject. Gregory and Axel Niya are in the sunflower field by the Don River.
When talking about love, the sun appears warm and brilliant; But when he buried Axel Niya, he looked up with great sadness.
A round of "dazzling black sun" in A Black Sky; When he was holding "What's left in his life"
Everything ",that is," the only thing that temporarily connects him with the earth and the world "-his son.
At that time, he saw a "huge, glowing sun". Emotion's choice and absorption of stimulus information form a representation.
Established a temporary connection with emotion, and emotion infiltrated the appearance.
Thirdly, emotional arousal has the function of re-selection and re-assimilation, which permeates and corresponds in the formation process.
Emotional factors, permeated with the emotional memory representation associated with the current emotional state, are easy to expand the memory channel and thus produce feelings.
Good feelings help to recall information related to current emotions, which is more obvious in positive emotions. In children's adult memory
In the event experiment of [13], subjects in a happy mood recalled more happy events than themselves.
In fact, there are more events that cause pain, but the subjects in painful mood are the opposite, which shows this feeling.
It plays a selective role in arousing images. At the same time, feeling also plays a re-assimilation role in appearance, and appearance is regarded as feeling.
As a result of the psychological integration of cognition and emotion, when it is promoted from the memory bank of the human brain to consciousness, it cannot
Inevitably influenced by the current emotional state, it is assimilated by feelings. Dreams are realized through the movement of appearances, and appearances can best
Reflect the choice and assimilation of image arousal under the specific emotional background. "Sleeping at night listening to the wind and rain, iron horse glacier dream."
[14] Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, is eager to go to the battlefield to recover his country. Encouraged by patriotism, the window
The sound of wind and rain outside made the poet enter the war scene of "Iron Horse Glacier" in his dream. Dreams in Lu You's Poems
Statement, we can see the emotional choice and processing of image arousal.
Representation is the reflection of foreign objects in subjective consciousness. It is formed in a certain situation, and the appearance and emotion will establish a stage.
Therefore, it is the result of the comprehensive effect of various psychological factors such as feeling, cognition and emotion.
The feeling of connection is endowed with appearance. A scene causes the subject's emotional reaction, or a place in an emotional background.
The choice and assimilation of stimulation and representation can establish a temporary connection between vision and emotion, so that emotion can penetrate into the table.
Elephant. This process is completed through the integration of emotions and appearances that the subject may not be clearly aware of, and can be considered as one.
A kind of infiltration empathy. The creative subject conveys a kind of artistic conception corresponding to the subject's emotion through penetrating empathy, that is, transmission.
Writing Wang Guowei's "a land without me" is not completely without me, such as Tao Yuanming's "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, carefree."
The realm of "seeing Nanshan" ("drinking") is called "no me", but in fact "I" has been hidden in it without a trace.
The above-mentioned penetrating empathy is only infiltrated and integrated with the help of temporary contact in the process of appearance formation. Emotion is still
Do not actively guide the subject's associative imagination, so that the temporary connection between appearance and emotion can be creatively expressed. People can
Through "creating the environment", we can transform the inherent physical connection of things and build a "realm with me". Table of things and emotions
The similarity of symbols can arouse people's similar association, and make the emotional representation related to the object image and the subject's emotional state temporary.
The extension of entering contact makes the subject subjectively give the object an emotional representation. Emotion can activate intuitive thinking,
Sometimes empathy can directly give emotional representation to the object through intuition and similar associations. When qu yuan is sincere and not understood.
When he was forced to leave his hometown, he missed his country very much, and so did his horse in his eyes.
I can't bear to leave my hometown ("My servant is sadder than Mahuai, but I can't." The poet's strong feelings urged him.
The poet had an association with the horse who bowed his head and stagnated, and transferred his nostalgia for the country to the horse. Emotion can evoke the stage.
For the excitement of the center, other centers are suppressed, and emotions actively guide the imagination to the excited end.
Make the imagination break through the inherent physical connection of things and get brand-new performance. For example, Du Fu's "Where petals flow like tears, I hate being shocked."
In the language of "heart", flowers may not have the feature of "tears". It is the author's strong inner feelings that push his imagination to break through things.
Real representation gives things a strong emotional representation. Emotional representations related to current emotions always take precedence over subjects.
Neural connection leads to the development of personalized imagination of objective images into emotional representations similar to current emotions.
And it is possible to get creative performance.
Human beings are emotional animals, and when people face external things, they will be accompanied by such and such emotional reactions.
There is also emotional participation in the cognition of external things, so people have formed specific feelings in long-term social practice activities.
Emotional cognitive schema forms a certain psychological set, which is used for information selection, assimilation and creative processing, including habituation.
The way of empathy. A certain psychology can be stagnant for a long time, forming a corresponding complex [16], which is sensitive to certain information.
But it inhibits the processing of other information, which is an important factor in the formation of emotional-cognitive schema. In service
In the cognitive process of the body, feeling actively participates in the processing and processing of information, which can cause a pleasant emotional response.
Things form psychological expectations, but they form psychological defenses against things that lead to unpleasant emotional reactions and actively participate in information.
Organization processing, forming a unique information processing mode. Of course, artists have formed a specific aesthetic practice in the long term.
Pre-aesthetic schema cannot be simply equated with general emotional cognitive schema.
In aesthetic creation, artists have special ways to deal with aesthetic information, such as Su Shi's Nian Nujiao and Nostalgia at Red Cliff.
"It shows us a picture of the ancient battlefield in Chibi, where" flying stones fly over the air, stormy waves beat the shore and rolled up thousands of piles of snow ",while the Song Dynasty
Fan Chengda, a contemporary poet, found that the so-called Red Cliff is just a "Little Songka Mountain". "I didn't see the so-called' Loki Wear'.
Empty' and' Dream Capacity Chá n @ ⑥ Rock' "[17]. Su Shi was inspired by the association of brilliant achievements of historical figures.
Inspired by his heroic feelings, the poet broke through the inherent physical connection of things through imagination.
Built a magnificent and dangerous world to express their lofty aspirations. The artist's aesthetic prediction schema is long-term.
Formed in aesthetic practice, he consciously or unconsciously raised his emotions to the aesthetic level to examine them, breaking through the general.
Emotion-cognitive schema actively guides the aesthetic direction of attention through emotion, and selects, assimilates and creates information.
Aesthetic treatment and integration of sexual processing, and strive to break through the old psychological set, in order to obtain aesthetic vision and aesthetic creation.
On this basis, the expansion of multi-dimensional quantity forms a special way of aesthetic empathy.
(3)
Empathy first appeared in the consciousness of primitive people, and primitive consciousness activities were the source of empathy.
The maturity of human brain is an important condition for human beings to eventually evolve from animals to adults, and people begin to change and passively adapt.
The negative way of nature has become a more active way to conquer nature with the brain. Primitive people began to face it with their brains.
Nature tries to adapt to the law and dominate the world through the understanding of nature, and begins the conscious activities of human beings in their original state.
. But primitive people's understanding of the world is very limited, and the world is mysterious to them. They can only rely on god.
Secret speculation should be a way to find an explanation for the world. The connection, similarity and long-distance function between things
The continuity of time has established a mysterious connection (mutual infiltration) in the consciousness of primitive people [18], and of course there are some mysterious connections.
This department was acquired from previous people. These relationships are not necessarily essential, but they are contradictory.
However, it was ignored. Primitive people used these mysterious connections as channels to receive and process information, forming the chaotic state of primitive people.
The cognitive schema used by primitive people to explain various phenomena makes primitive people's thinking present certain primitive logic.
In these chaotic ideological structures intertwined with mysterious connections, some related mysterious connections form connections.
Cluster, the center of these contact clusters is the core of consciousness with certain cohesion, which is the link of consciousness to process information
Central and external information is guided to these contact nuclei through mysterious connections, and is analyzed and explained. Mysterious supernatural forces
Is an important core of empathy. Primitive people thought that there was a god similar to man behind everything.
Existence is dominated by the master, and this god has emotions like people, so everything has human emotions. primitive man
Whether subjective or objective, we regard the gods in our subjective consciousness as real and believe that the emotions of things are real. another
The related core is the subjective consciousness of primitive ignorance. Primitive people have not completely conquered nature, their essential strength.
They have not yet reached the degree of dominating nature, so they often equate themselves with everything in the world in their consciousness, and have not yet established their own functions.
The split subjective consciousness forms a corresponding core around the ignorant subjective consciousness. This neglect of subject consciousness is mainly manifested in the following aspects.
Now there is no distinction between subject and object, especially in the portraits, shadows, names and their own relationship patterns of primitive people.
It is not clear whether primitive people equate objective foreign objects with human self, or even think that foreign objects have the same emotional psychology as human beings.
Activity, as in the eyes of the ancient Greeks, the spear tip can be "standing on the ground, eager for meat" or "in high spirits"
Break into his chest "[19]. In the consciousness of primitive people, everything was endowed with human emotions. Primitive totem consciousness
It is also a related core group. Some of the animals worshipped by primitive people are their own relatives, and some are related to totems.
Things are often equal to human beings and have some characteristics of human beings. They are thought to have feelings like human beings.
The mysterious connection with the above-mentioned core of consciousness is the guiding line for primitive people to give emotion to foreign objects. primitive
Consciousness activities are carried out by expanding mysterious connections. Most people's conscious activities are driven by appearances.
, emotion, concept and other psychological factors, primitive people's abstract thinking ability is still very underdeveloped, their consciousness is alive.
Movement is mainly manifested in image movement and emotional movement. Representation is the image of an object in people's subjective consciousness, and it must have a subject.
Pay attention to the color. Some kind of memory representation is the result of the integration of cognition and emotion, accompanied by subjective emotion. In the collection of primitive people
In body representation, objective external objects are recognized as having various life activities like human beings, including the expressive side of emotions.
Type, so the appearance of many objects is not only accompanied by emotional memory, but also appears in some emotional representation, such as in
There are angry thunder and laughing flowers in the collective appearance. Therefore, in the conscious activities of primitive people, it is not just the table.
Elephant movement and emotional movement blend together, and the appearance often shows certain emotional movement, so the collective table of primitive people
Some representations in the image are endowed with human emotional representations, which are representations of empathy. The God of Chaos in Primitive Consciousness
Secret connection makes the image movement and emotional movement blend together, which is an important way of empathy for primitive people.
Primitive people's thinking activities show some primitive logic, although it is neither illogical nor anti-logical.
However, the mysterious connection that this primitive logical way of thinking relies on ignores possible contradictions and new information.
Stimulation may highlight its internal contradictions, thus breaking through this mysterious connection, establishing new connections, and finally making the original logic
Thinking evolved into logical thinking. Of course, logical thinking cannot completely crowd out the original logical thinking, even in modern people's
In consciousness, an irrational and almost primitive logical way of thinking is often used to process information. Aesthetics is a kind of
Subjective activities, which do not exclude the irrational primitive logical mode of consciousness activities, empathy as a special aesthetic.
Consciousness activities are affirmed in people's consciousness.
In people's social practice, human empathy endows things with corresponding emotional attributes. Attributes are things and
The essence of other things is sometimes related, so some attributes are not inherent in the thing itself, they are relative.
It exists in human social practice. Locke's "second nature" of things is only relative to human perception.
And exist. The primacy of things refers to the substantive attributes of things. According to Einstein's theory of relativity, things are
Entity attributes such as length and size will also change under certain time and space conditions, but these attributes are inherent objects of things.
View nature. The second nature of things is the nature that exists relative to human perception, such as color, sound and taste.
Things themselves, they are just light waves, sound waves and chemical elements. If there is no sense organ of the subject, things are irrelevant.
Red, green and other color characteristics. Bao Sangkui, Santayana and others put forward the third nature of things, that is, the feeling of things.
Feeling natural, we see red flames or gloomy sky, and then feel a happy or gloomy mood.
In our feelings, the red flame and gloomy sky seem to have a pleasant or gloomy and depressing nature.
Some emotions are given to external things by human beings. Another example is that music itself is a sound with a certain rhythm and melody, because it is related to people.
The emotional closeness of human beings fluctuates with a certain rhythm and intensity, which makes them establish a temporary relationship in human perceptual experience.
Time connection, this temporary connection is gradually affirmed, so that the emotional essence of music is also affirmed relative to human perception
From now on, the emotional essence of music is the fruit of human emotion endowed to sound.
Attribute is the nature shown in the relationship, and the attribute of things relative to human perception is only human.
Perception is meaningful only if you have sex with it. For example, things are different from the original because of people's synaesthesia (such as color vision)
Sensory-independent attributes, such as warm colors and shrill voices. The emotional attributes of things also depend on
It exists in the collective empathy of mankind. People are used to organizing perceptual objects into a meaningful whole, and there is a
The tendency to measure things by one's own lifestyle. M Joe did an experiment on the emotional significance of sports [20]
], two small colored rectangles move along the horizontal trajectory, and they can be stopped or started at any time, with automatic control function.
Observers tend to explain the emotional meaning of these moving rectangles because of their direction, distance and variable speed.
For example, "A escapes from B", "A goes to B", "A pushes B" and so on. In addition to explaining things with their own emotions, people
When children face things, if they are accompanied by some emotional reaction and form representations under certain emotional background, they will often be in the representations.
And some temporary connections between appearance and emotion will accumulate with social, cultural and psychological factors.
The lake gained a stable tension and was gradually recognized by the society, which stabilized the perceptual essence of things. This is the collective of mankind.
Empathy gives things emotional attributes.
To sum up, aesthetic empathy is always accompanied by the emotional activities of the subject, and similar association in a simple sense is impossible.
Call it aesthetic empathy. The representation formed in a certain emotional background has a corresponding temporary connection with the subject's emotion, which is positive.
It is with this temporary connection that people endow objective external things with an emotional attribute, which can break through things.
Entity attributes are creatively reflected in the subjective consciousness of the subject. Empathy is that human beings are accepted in long-term social activities.
A special aesthetic consciousness activity.