Engineering project; Construction engineering; Project management; Countermeasures
introduce
Construction project management is a systematic project, including risk, investment, contract, progress, quality and personnel, involving departments and units such as design, supervision, construction, equipment, materials and operation. Therefore, only when all parties make joint efforts to strengthen the quality management, cost management, schedule management and safety management of construction projects can we ensure the smooth implementation of construction projects and create good economic benefits for enterprises. The construction industry plays an important role in China's national economy and is one of the pillar industries of China's national economy. However, due to historical reasons, the economic benefits of large and medium-sized state-owned construction enterprises in China are generally low. It is an effective way to improve the vitality and economic benefits of construction enterprises to carry out the construction of project law, establish project management mechanism within enterprises and implement responsibility, right and benefit to specific individuals and stakeholders.
1 Characteristics of construction project management
The project has unique and unique characteristics. The time, place, environment, participants and purpose of any project are different. In the process of project development, a large number of changes are unpredictable, so the uncertainty of the project is a remarkable feature of the project. Projects also have a clear start time and end time, which are generally divided into five stages: "concept, planning, implementation, end, operation and maintenance". Each project also has a clear goal, a complete system organization and so on. Project management is a series of organization, planning, encouragement, communication, inspection and control activities to achieve project objectives. Including: scope management, cost management, time management, quality management, procurement management, risk management, human resources, work structure analysis, responsibility allocation, etc.
The characteristics of construction project management in China are: high cost, large number of participants, many stakeholders, great dependence on the environment and long time. The uncertainty of the project and the variables of internal stakeholders are large, which are greatly influenced by the external environment. Such as weather, changes in government regulations, etc., may affect the progress of the project, and the management mode of construction projects in China is changing from extensive to modern project management. It is very necessary to strengthen the management of construction projects, which can promote the competition in the construction market and promote the development of construction enterprises to technical specialization. On the one hand, specialization improves its own technical management ability and production quality; On the one hand, specialization improves production efficiency and reduces costs, while national policies and regulations will improve the specialized management system, which is also the only way for enterprises to take specialization.
2 key issues of construction project management
Quality planning and control: Quality planning is the basis of quality control. First of all, we should decompose the target system in the quality plan and form an effective quality responsibility system. In the process of implementing the quality control plan, the focus of quality control should be on the investigation and study of various factors that interfere with quality in the external environment and system, do a good job in risk analysis and management, predict various possible quality deviations, and take effective preventive measures. At the same time, these active control measures should be organically combined with supervision, inspection and feedback to find and solve problems in time and correct deviations in time, so that the quality of the project is always under the effective control of the project manager. The concept of after-sales service can not simply pursue cost reduction and muddle through in the maintenance process, but should pursue the establishment of long-term and stable cooperative relationship with the owner through after-sales service. The contractor should not only focus on the immediate interests, but also consider the long-term relationship. It can be said that the contractor effectively integrated the three elements of cost, quality and construction period in the process of engineering construction, met the requirements of the owner and established the image of the enterprise; After the completion of the project, we will maintain a long-term and stable relationship with the owners through after-sales service to obtain the possibility of cooperation between them again. After-sales service is a necessary means for contractors to honor their promises, establish their own image and strive for their own progress. The real after-sales service advocates a business philosophy. In the orientation of serving the owners, there should be not only after-sales service, but also pre-sales and sales guarantee, which complement each other. If we strengthen the control and service in the construction process, the after-sales service will be more accurate and effective. Only by reducing unnecessary wrangling in the construction process and strengthening communication and coordination with the owners can we better improve the after-sales service. Now the power given to the construction unit is getting bigger and bigger, and the responsibility is getting bigger and bigger. Without the support and care of the construction unit, the construction unit is like water without a source, a tree without a root. Therefore, to do a good job in project management, the construction unit has the conditions.
Schedule control is a dynamic management process. It includes the analysis and demonstration of schedule objectives. On the basis of data collection and investigation, work out the progress plan, and track, check and adjust the progress plan. As a schedule control, any project is a complex system engineering. Therefore. On the basis of making a good schedule, pay attention to make necessary adjustments to the implementation process schedule. The process of schedule control is a process of constantly adjusting the schedule with the progress of the project. The purpose of schedule control is to achieve the project schedule goal through control. Pass the progress tracking check. If any deviation is found in the implementation, corrective measures should be taken to determine new control points. Only in this way can we determine the control points of each stage of the project and get the ultimate success from the success of each stage.
The cost forms of construction projects are divided into budget cost, planned cost and actual cost. The budget cost reflects the average level of the construction industry in various regions, and is calculated according to the construction drawing and engineering quantity calculation rules and the relevant charging standards. Planned cost refers to the cost calculated by the project management department according to the relevant information of the planned construction period before the actual cost occurs. The actual cost is the sum of the actual production expenses of the construction project during the construction period. The comparison between actual cost and planned cost can reveal the situation of cost saving or cost overrun, and explain the operating effect. The comparison between actual cost and budgeted cost can reflect the profit and loss of project management. According to the characteristics of construction project cost, construction cost management should focus on cost prediction, cost planning, cost control, cost accounting, cost analysis and cost assessment, and control the cost within the planned scope through organizational measures, economic measures, technical measures and contract measures under the condition that the construction cost ensures that the construction period and quality meet the requirements.
In construction project management, the application of computer technology should not only solve the problem of whether to use computer technology, but also solve the problem of how to use computer technology. Construction project is a kind of information exchange, data exchange, data processing, sorting, transmission and storage between complex systems composed of multiple units and departments. Due to the full use of computer technology, the automation and informatization of construction project management have been realized, which can not only collect, transmit, process, retrieve, distribute, store, modify, find and process a large amount of information quickly, effectively, automatically and systematically, but also process a large amount of information. The application of computer technology reflects the application level of information technology, which improves the construction management level. Analyze the internal and external environmental factors that lead to project risks. Using various investigation and research methods, this paper analyzes various environmental factors that cause project risks, that is, the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external environments that cause project risks. External environmental factors, including opportunity factors and threat factors, are favorable and unfavorable factors that directly affect the project risk, belonging to objective factors, generally belonging to different categories such as economy, politics, society, products and services, technology, market and competition; Internal environmental factors, including advantages and disadvantages, are positive and negative factors that cause their own project management risks. It is an active factor, generally divided into different categories such as operation, finance, sales and human resources.
3 abstract
Project management usually involves the requirements of multiple objectives. An excellent project manager should pay attention to the ability to analyze problems in practice and combine theoretical knowledge to form an effective management method, and then test its scientificity through practice. Only in this way can we reduce business risks and produce the largest and most direct economic benefits.
refer to
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