Introduction: Cost management of construction projects is an important part of construction projects. The ultimate goal of an enterprise is profit-
Construction project cost management is an important part of construction projects. The ultimate goal of an enterprise is profit, and project cost management is directly related to the economic lifeline of construction enterprises. The goal of project cost management is to use scientific management methods, determine the cost reasonably, control the cost favorably, and improve the management effect of construction and installation enterprises.
Project cost management always runs through the whole process of construction projects. From project bidding to the completion settlement of the whole project. The process is as follows:
Project bidding-bid winning-construction budget management such as daily changes and claims-completion settlement-cost analysis
First, the project cost management in the process of project bidding
Today's construction market has developed from the goal of waiting, relying on, demanding and regardless of profit and loss under the guidance of planned economy to the competitive mechanism under the guidance of market economy. Therefore, project bidding has become the main way to win the task in the construction market. This kind of competition is cruel, and the objective law of natural selection will inevitably lead to the survival of the fittest in the construction team. At present, in order to survive and develop in the fierce competition, we must seize the opportunity, base ourselves on the market and increase the intensity of undertaking tasks; The second is to strengthen the management of construction enterprises and seek benefits from management.
Today's bidding is very complicated and difficult. Although the construction department has applied for many times to "reform, rectify and standardize" the construction market, there are still some unsatisfactory places. Therefore, if you want to win the bid in the bidding work, you can only work harder to prepare the tender and make the tender invincible in the normal procedure. In order to prepare the tender, the economic bid (project budget) is very important.
Information source is the premise of project bidding. Sources of information are:
1, mainly relying on the strength of the broad masses of workers.
2, often to the construction market to obtain bidding information.
3, other tender advertising media, etc. The company shall form an expert group to analyze and screen the obtained information. Can't blindly invest financial resources, manpower, etc.
Here mainly consider from the following three aspects:
1. The project belongs to an enterprise, and the superior unit: if it is a state-owned enterprise, a joint venture or an influential joint-stock enterprise, you can invest your energy.
2. Project site: the long-distance construction site depends on the situation. If the project is not directly under the bureau or is sure to win, it must be considered.
3, project overview, investment, investment funds in place rate, project payment, etc. After analyzing the above situation, we can determine whether to intervene and prepare the prequalification documents. After passing the pre-examination, purchase the bidding documents and enter the bidding stage.
Q&A process: When preparing the tender, you must read the tender documents carefully, browse the construction drawings and other materials provided by Party A carefully, find out the problems and questions from them, and consult the tenderee. However, if you want to ask questions to the tenderer selectively, you can ask whether the tenderer really affects the cost, or whether it is vague or ambiguous. Don't ask about some small deviations that may be the basis of claim or other expenses.
Compilation process: when compiling standards, we must be meticulous and not miss anything. Because it is unlikely that the winning project will be adjusted later. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately calculate the quantities of drawings. For some drawings that are incomplete and need to be estimated by experience, it is necessary to consult the market price and on-site construction technicians to seek truth from facts, and it is not allowed to overestimate and calculate; And not less than the cost price. The bidding procedure must meet the requirements of the bidding documents and shall not be changed without authorization.
Summary and calibration: after all the budget results come out, they should be typeset according to the format of the bidding documents. The final bid price is the key. The fixed tender offer should be priced according to the bid evaluation methods in the tender documents. There are various bid evaluation methods, some of which are compared with the owner's pre-tender estimate, and the score close to the pre-tender estimate is higher; Have a plenty of comprehensive pre-tender estimate, the weighted average of effective tender offer and the comprehensive pre-tender estimate of the owner; Have a plenty of arithmetic average of tender offer, etc. In this way, we should treat them differently, so that we can know ourselves and know ourselves. In addition, it is necessary to understand other competitors' enterprises, determine the quotations of other units and the owner's pre-tender estimate, select several schemes, and finally make a decision. The bid price of the clapper must be slightly lower within a reasonable range to increase the probability of winning the bid. "Winning the bid depends on the low price and the cost depends on the claim", with the sole purpose of winning the bid.
In the bidding process, the economic bid is of course important, but when the scores of the bidding units are close, the technical bid and the comprehensive score of the enterprise also play a decisive role. The construction status and qualification of the enterprise will affect the comprehensive score of the tender. In particular, enterprises in the system rarely participate in social awards, such as "Great Wall Cup", "Luban Award" and "City Excellence". This requires us to strictly control quality in the construction process, strive for high-quality projects, and form a virtuous circle in comprehensive competition.
Second, the project cost management in the process of construction
1 Cost management in the construction process is of great significance: cost management is an important part of the construction stage, a management activity carried out by construction enterprises to obtain reasonable profits according to law under the control of project contract price, and the core of construction management. The difference between modern construction enterprises and those under planned economy lies in "cost management". In the past, the purpose of construction enterprises was to complete the task, which was bound to cause a lot of waste of materials and low construction efficiency of workers.
2. Implementation of cost management in the construction process: Before construction, a set of feasible construction scheme should be formulated in combination with construction drawings, actual situation on site, self-owned machinery and equipment, construction experience, management level, acceptance criteria of technical specifications, etc. The construction plan is the action program of the project implementation. Due to the low bid price or the inherent shortage of design budget, construction enterprises are required to organize construction reasonably, save costs and seek benefits from management. On-site management budget personnel must be closely integrated with construction technicians and material machinery personnel, get to know each other, take management as the core and save costs as the purpose. At present, our unit is lacking in this respect, the management technology is seriously out of touch, and the material machinery is fragmented, which will inevitably cause a lot of loss and waste of cost. For example:
(1) On-site technicians only pay attention to the construction, and fail to handle the entrusted procedures for changes with the owner in time for the projects under construction or the increase or decrease of quantities, or the procedures are vague, which brings a lot of trouble to the settlement. For the subcontracting team, the on-site technicians' visas are too hasty and unfamiliar with the quota content, which will lead to the loss of labor costs.
(2) The quantity ordered by the material personnel must be controlled with slight loss according to the drawings provided by the technicians to avoid waste. The unit price of the order should be reflected to the operation department in time so that the operation department can adjust the budget price difference. If the price of special materials seriously exceeds the budget estimate, it must be approved by the owner's department, otherwise it will bring inconvenience to the settlement.
(3) The mechanical department should reasonably organize and implement the mechanical machine-team arrangement in combination with the on-site workload.
3, the construction site should strengthen the consciousness of claim, familiar with the claim procedure.
Claim: As the name implies, when the rights and interests of Party A or Party B are infringed, they exceed or change the contents agreed in the construction contract, and ask the other party to give economic compensation or compensation in other aspects such as construction period.
Claims must first be based on contracts. This requires on-site organizations and relevant personnel to deeply understand the basic terms of the contract, including the contents of the cover, and enhance the contract awareness of all staff. Perform obligations in accordance with the contract, organize construction and production, and earnestly safeguard the rights and interests conferred by the contract.
Engineering claims are divided into cost claims and time limit claims. Among them, the cost claim is the key. The claim for construction period only requires the owner to extend the construction period reasonably, and can only compensate the construction unit for the construction period, and the resulting construction period loss can only be realized through cost compensation. There are many contents involved in the claim for expenses, which are explained as follows:
(1) If the project is stopped or postponed due to the reasons of the Employer, and the construction unit stops work due to the failure of the materials, equipment, funds and technical data supplied by Party A to arrive on time, it shall compensate Party A for the losses caused by the stop work.
(2) Unless otherwise agreed in the contract, losses caused by changes in construction projects caused by design changes shall be claimed from Party A. ..
(3) During the construction period, if the project cost increases due to the rising prices of building materials and equipment and the improvement of labor standards, it shall claim compensation from Party A. ..
This requires the construction technicians to make a good claim record, sort out the basic data, and put forward the claim intention to the construction supervisor in writing at any time. While doing a good job of claiming compensation from Party A, we must strictly abide by the terms of the construction contract to avoid Party A's counterclaim against the construction unit.
In a word, the technical, mechanical and material personnel on site should cooperate with the management personnel in their work to meet the construction requirements and save costs.
Third, the project cost control and analysis
Engineering project cost management is a series of price management activities, such as project cost prediction, planning, assessment, implementation control and analysis, according to the characteristics of engineering projects. Project cost control is an important content in the whole construction process, which is related to whether the construction project is profitable or not. Under the condition of ensuring the total project price, the lower the cost, the higher the profit. Suggested cost control methods:
1, project cost control is a contracting and accounting system with project as the center, hierarchical management and hierarchical accounting. The project cost is mainly composed of labor cost, material cost, machinery cost and other expenses. The four expenses shall be implemented in management, labor, materials and machinery departments, and responsibility assessment shall be carried out, linked with quality, safety and construction period indicators, and an incentive and restraint mechanism shall be established.
2. Do a good job in cost accounting. Before the project starts, make a cost budget according to the construction drawing, analyze the labor, materials, machinery and other contents, and make a comparison with the bid-winning budget. Set the cost target of talent machine. If the labor cost is clearing the package, it can be closed at one time without adjustment, and this expenditure is fixed. The premise of saving material cost must be material bidding, high quality and low price, limited to the price of bidding materials, and special materials higher than the bidding price can be balanced with other low-priced materials. Implement purposeful cost control.
3, after the completion of the project, cost accounting. Do a good job of completion settlement, adjust the adjustable price difference, carry out cost analysis on the basis of the total completion price, and do a good job of completion cost analysis data to provide reference for future projects.
Fourth, do a good job of sorting out the project cost data.
Engineering cost data is an important basis for engineering cost production, and it is necessary to collect, classify, sort out and keep the data well. It provides a basis for cost analysis, comparison and establishment of enterprise internal quota.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
Project cost management runs through the whole production process of construction enterprises. It is a wide-ranging and comprehensive work, which requires the relevant departments to perform their duties and cooperate closely to complete the basic work for the company's economic interests.
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