(2) Boiling: pour the cherry puree and water into the pot, boil over high fire, and cook for about 5 minutes, then add sugar and citric acid, and cook over low fire, and keep stirring, so as not to affect the quality of jam.
③ Concentration: After simmering for15min, evenly pour the heated and fully dissolved gelatin (soaked and heated with a little water) into the pot, and continue to cook for about10min. Drop a little jam on the plate. If it doesn't flow, turn off the fire, add the essence and stir well.
(4) canning: put the prepared cherry sauce into a clean container, cover it and store it in a cool and ventilated place.
⑤ Sterilization: steam sterilization. 5 ~15min/100℃ steam sterilization.
⑥ Cooling: cooling to 35℃ in a hot water pool in stages, wiping cans and warehousing.
Attachment: Technical Specification for Standardized Production of Sweet Cherry Cultivation (Shandong Province)
1. Choose the sweet cherry in the garden, which is neither drought-tolerant, waterlogging-tolerant nor salt-tolerant. Therefore, the garden should be selected in a place with water irrigation conditions, low groundwater level and unfavorable flood disaster. Choose sandy loam and loam with deep soil layer, good air permeability and strong water retention, which are suitable for neutral and slightly acidic soil, and alkaline soil with pH above 8 is not suitable for garden construction. 2. Variety selection and configuration 2. 1 When selecting varieties, comprehensive characteristics such as high yield, high quality, adaptability, maturity, cultivation purpose and economic value should be comprehensively analyzed.
Select high-yield and high-quality varieties. Self-pollinated varieties can reduce the adverse effects of flowering climate and other factors, and ensure high and stable yield. Such as Santina, Rubins, Steiner, Sweetheart, Sonny, etc.
Choose large fruit and hard meat varieties. The size of sweet cherry fruit in the market is one of the most important factors affecting the price. The average weight of sweet cherries exported from North America to Japan and other countries is 9.0 grams. The sweet cherry fruit exported by Shandong Reproduction Record Company requires a single fruit weighing more than 8 grams. Therefore, under the condition of good comprehensive characters, try to choose varieties with large fruit, hard meat and good storage and transportation resistance.
Pay attention to the reasonable collocation of early, middle and late maturing varieties. 2.2 Variety Configuration Most varieties of sweet cherry are highly self-flowering and fruitless, so it is necessary to rationally configure pollination trees.
When configuring pollinated trees, we should first consider the pollination compatibility between pollinated varieties and main varieties, whether the flowering period is consistent, the high yield, fruit quality, adaptability and economic value of pollinated trees.
Generally, the main varieties account for 70% ~ 80%, and the pollinated varieties can account for 20% ~ 30%.
The configuration of pollination trees depends on pollination combination, planting distance and landscape topography. In the flat sweet cherry orchard, the two main varieties are pollinated trees, and the row spacing is 4-6 meters. It is appropriate to plant pollinated trees every 2-4 rows of main varieties 1 row. When the garden area is small, the main varieties can be planted every 1 row, and the pollinated varieties can be planted every 1 row.
The hilly land in cherry orchard is sweet, and the pollination trees can be arranged in stages or in the middle. Phased configuration refers to planting 1 pollination tree with 3 ~ 4 main varieties in each row. Central allocation means planting 1 pollinated varieties in the middle and planting 8 ~ 12 main varieties around.
3. Planting density and planting mode of garden buildings 3. 1 3. 1 planting density: in fertile soil, the plant spacing should be 4m× 5m, with 34 plants per mu; Medium fertility soil, plant spacing of 3m× 5m, 45 plants per mu; The row spacing of plants in hilly land should be 3m× 4m, with 56 plants per mu.
3. 1.2 planting mode: on flat land, sandy land and terraced fields with wide fields, rectangular or square planting can be adopted on terraced fields with narrow fields. When two rows are insufficient and more than 1 row, equidistant triangle planting can be used. On the narrow terrace where only 1 row can be planted, it should be planted at the outer edge of the terrace of 1/3. When planting on terraced fields in hilly areas, the row direction should generally be parallel to the horizontal contour line. 3.2 Planting period and method 3.2. 1 Planting period: In windy and dry places in winter, seedlings planted in winter are easy to lose water, which reduces the survival rate and affects growth and development, and are mostly planted in spring. Spring sowing should be carried out after soil thawing and before seedling germination, usually in the first half of March.
3.2.2 Planting method: Before planting, determine the planting point according to the predetermined plant spacing. Dig a planting pit with the planting point as the center. The size of the planting hole should be 1 m square and the depth should be 60 ~ 100 cm. Apply 25-50kg soil fertilizer to each pit, mix it with topsoil and fill it in the pit until it is 20-25cm above the ground. Be a "steamed bread" practically. Put the seedlings in the hole and let the roots stretch naturally. The surface soil is filled in the root distribution layer, and the core soil is filled in the surface layer, so that the roots are closely connected with the soil. The planting depth is the same as the original depth in the nursery.
After planting seedlings, build a ridge around the planting hole, and then fully irrigate. After the water permeates, the holes are sealed with soil, and mounds are cultivated around the seedlings to keep the soil moisture and prevent the seedlings from being blown by the wind. When the weather is dry after germination, water should be poured in time to facilitate survival.
4. Soil improvement and management 4. 1 Soil improvement Before the garden is built in cherry orchard, the soil should be deeply ploughed and trimmed into three-in-one horizontal terraces. Dig the soil to a depth of more than 60 cm, apply sufficient organic fertilizer and mix the manure evenly. After the garden is built, terrace maintenance should be carried out twice a year: the first time, the soil should be dug deeply in combination with winter and spring; Second time, before the rainy season. In order to thicken the soil layer and enhance the ability of soil and water conservation. 4.2 Soil management 4.2. 1 Deep digging: It should be carried out every year from the young tree stage of sweet cherry. Within one year, cooperate with the application of organic fertilizer and deep ploughing twice. After the first application of base fertilizer in winter and spring, the second application of base fertilizer will be carried out after the harvest and before the climax of rooting in rainy season. The depth of deep planing should reach 20 cm, so that the manure can be fully mixed evenly and the fertilizer efficiency can be exerted. After planing the garden, the ground should be flat and the soil surface in the tree tray should be slightly higher to avoid water accumulation in the rainy season.
4.2.2 Tillage and scarification: Tillage and scarification in sweet cherry orchard are generally carried out after irrigation or rain. Especially after entering the rainy season, it is more necessary to hoe the soil frequently, and the depth of intertillage scarification is 5 ~ 10 cm. Pay attention to adding high tree soil during intertillage to prevent water accumulation.
4.2.3 Intercropping in Orchard: From the young tree stage to the first fruit stage of sweet cherry, it is feasible to plant leguminous crops with short plant type and strong nitrogen fixation ability, such as peanut and cowpea, on the premise of sufficient number of plants.
4.2.4 Ground coverage: There are mainly two ways: grass coverage and plastic film coverage.
Sweet cherry orchard should be covered with grass, preferably after wheat harvest and before fruit picking. Covering materials mainly include wheat bran, wheat seedlings, field weeds, Amorpha fruticosa leaves and chopped straws and vines of other crops. Grass mulching must be carried out in the tree tray, each plant is 5 ~ 65438 05 kg. Before covering with grass, soil irrigation and intertillage should be combined, and the grass thickness on the ground should be 10 ~ 20cm. Sprinkle a layer of garden soil about 1 cm thick on it to prevent the wind from blowing. Turn mulch into soil when you plan the garden in winter.
Sweet cherry orchard is covered with plastic film, and 0.07mm thick polyethylene film should be selected. Before film mulching, the whole tree tray should be tidied up. After irrigation, the soil surface of the whole tree tray should be covered with polyethylene film, and the surrounding area should be compacted with soil. After plastic film mulching, irrigation and intertillage weeding are no longer needed. When the film is damaged after one year, it can be replaced and covered continuously.
5. The sweet cherry should be fertilized reasonably in the young tree stage and the first fruit stage, emphasizing the application of sufficient base fertilizer, and generally not topdressing. Results Fertilization was divided into three stages: base fertilizer in winter and spring, topdressing in flower and fruit period and topdressing after fruit picking.
5. 1 winter and spring base fertilizer is generally applied before soil freezing in winter or after soil thawing in spring. The base fertilizer mainly uses organic fertilizer, such as human manure or pig manure. Human excrement is applied in radial ditches or large holes. Pigpen manure combined with soil is deeply planed and spread flat, or deep furrows between rows, with a depth of 50 cm. Generally, young trees and early fruit trees are applied with 30-60 kg of human manure or pigsty manure 1.25 kg. Results 60 ~ 90 kg of human manure was applied to trees, or 52.5 ~ 75 tons of pigsty manure was applied per hectare. 5.2 Topdressing at flowering and fruiting stages.
During flowering and fruiting, soil topdressing should be carried out before flowering or in the first fast-growing period of fruit; Topdressing outside the roots can be carried out from the early flowering stage to the late flowering stage. Therefore, the top dressing of trees in soil is mainly the application of available nitrogen fertilizer, such as human feces and urea. Human excrement is applied in radial ditches, usually about 30 kg per plant. Urea is applied with water, each plant1.5 ~ 2kg. When applying nitrogen fertilizer, it must be fully diluted to avoid direct contact with the roots, so as not to burn the roots. After fruit hard core and embryo development, nitrogen fertilizer is not suitable for topdressing. 5.3 foliar spraying fertilizer.
Spraying 1 ~ 2 times 200 times urea solution or 200 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves at the initial and full flowering stages. Spraying 1 400 times amino acid compound micro-fertilizer solution or 250 times rare earth micro-fertilizer solution after flowering can improve fruit setting rate and increase single fruit weight. 5.4 Fertilization after fruit picking.
The main types of fertilizer supplement after fruit picking are decomposed human excrement, decomposed pig excrement, decomposed bean cake water, and urea and other available nitrogen fertilizers. Put rotten human excrement, pig excrement and bean cake water into the radial ditch. Urea is applied with water or after rain. Fertilization amount: 60 ~ 75 kg of decomposed human excrement and urine, 0/00 kg of decomposed pig excrement and urine, 2.5 ~ 3.5 kg of decomposed bean cake, or 0.5 ~/0/kg of urea per plant.
6. Irrigate sweet cherry scientifically, mainly before flowering and during fruit development. Pay close attention to irrigation before frost to prevent frost in the period of flowering and young fruit.
6. 1 water before flowering.
Sweet cherry germinates (in the middle and late March) to the flowering stage. The irrigation amount is based on the principle of "water over the ground dries up", and it is most suitable to irrigate with water from reservoirs and ponds. The temperature of well water is low, so it is best to heat it before irrigation. 6.2 fruit-urging water.
From flower withering to fruit ripening (early May and late May to early June) is the most sensitive period of sweet cherry to water. During this period, it is necessary to irrigate frequently, and the amount of irrigation should be large, generally 2 ~ 3 times, so that the water content in the deep soil layer of 10 ~ 30 cm can reach more than 12%. Intertillage and loosen the soil in time after irrigation. 6.3 Water after harvest.
When the weather is dry after fruit picking, irrigation, fertilization and digging can be combined to speed up fertilizer efficiency and promote flower bud differentiation. 6.4 Frozen water.
Cherry orchard sandy land is sweet, and the soil is flooded 1 time before freezing to prevent soil drought in winter and spring, and avoid dead branches and buds due to "freezing drought". 6.5 Prevent frost irrigation.
At the flowering stage and the early stage of young fruit development, before frost appears, it is necessary to fully irrigate to prevent and alleviate frost.
7. Pruning Pruning sweet cherries should adopt methods such as budding, coring, twisting tips, pulling branches and holding tips. The shape of a tree can be a slender spindle, a cluster of branches, etc.
7. 1 The characteristics and shaping and pruning process of the slender spindle shape are as follows:
The slender spindle shape is suitable for close planting gardens with row spacing of 2 ~ 3m× 4 ~ 5m. After planting, the trunk is fixed at a height of 70 ~ 80cm, and the formed tree has a height of 3 ~ 4m and a crown width of 2.5 ~ 3m m. The height and crown of a tree are determined by the row spacing. If the row spacing is 4 meters, the tree height is 3 ~ 3.5 meters. If the row spacing is 5 meters, the tree height is 3.5 ~ 4 meters; If the row spacing is large and the crown width is large, but the branches of two rows of trees cannot cross, a space of 1 m should be reserved for managers to pass through. On the central trunk, there are three main branches in the first layer of the base, and 15 ~ 20 side branches with similar growth potential are evenly rotated on them. The base angle of the three main branches at the base is 70 ~ 80, the waist angle is 80 ~ 90, and the branches droop 90; Other main branches and vegetative branches are horizontal, and the top can droop. The crown of the whole tree is larger at the lower part and smaller at the upper part. The whole tree is slender and spindle-shaped. The shaping and pruning process described below is suitable for 2m× 4m or 2.5m× 4m dense planting gardens. A plantation of 3 m× 4 m can add primary branches to all the main branches and lateral branches below, that is, the middle and lower part of the tree forms the primary branch of the tertiary branch, and the upper part of the tree forms the primary branch of the secondary branch, so as to increase the crown width and increase the yield per plant.
The first year: when the height of seedlings is 70 ~ 80 cm, and the distance between the first bud and the cuttings is more than 1.5 cm, the first bud will sprout strong branches as trunk extension branches; Cut off the buds below the first bud 10 cm and smooth them; Then, three complete buds with staggered directions are selected at intervals at about 10 cm below them, and the buds are carved at the germination stage at 1 cm above the selected buds. After drying, the cut should be coated with wax or paint to reduce water evaporation. After drying, each plant will erect a bamboo pole or wooden pole.
The second year: the main branch of the first layer of the base, if there are secondary branches, the extended branches will not be cut short, but the vertical branches will be cut off. Pull branches into a horizontal or drooping shape to weaken their growth potential. If there are only first-class branches, they should be cut off at 40 cm from the extension branches of the main branches and about 30 cm from the side branches, so as to continue to promote new branches and flatten them. The main branches of the second layer formed in the first year are topped at the extension head, with the extension branches of the main branches remaining 40 cm and the extension branches of the side branches remaining 30 ~ 35 cm. The buds under the cut erase the back buds at the middle and top of the branches, continue to promote the lateral branches and flatten the branches. Cut 70cm above the trunk extension branch and the second layer main branch, leave a full bud as the trunk extension head, wipe off the bud below this bud 15cm, and select three staggered full buds with an interval of 10cm below as the future third layer main branch. 1 cm above the selected three buds is the bud when it germinates.
In the third year: the main branches of the first and second layers of the base, as well as the lateral branches and fruiting branches formed by them, are stretched or drooped horizontally, and the top of the verticillate branches are cut off. In the third layer, the pruning of main branches promotes secondary branching, with the extension branches of main branches trimmed by 40 cm and the extension branches of side branches trimmed by 30 cm, and the branches are smooth. The fourth main branch formed in the upper part has not been branched, so cut off 40 cm to promote the first branch. Cut off the extension branches of the trunk by 70 cm, and wipe off all the buds at the top of the trunk under the terminal bud, leaving the terminal bud. Three full buds with staggered directions should be selected under the bud smearing, and the buds should be carved on it when sprouting.
The fourth year: leveling branches, cutting off insect tips, threaded branches, insect branches and over-dense branches, and thinning off upright branches. If the height of the tree is less than 3 meters, or the total number of main branches is less than 15, select the strong branches growing vertically as the main extension branches in the crown, cut off 50 cm, wipe off the top buds of 10 cm, select three complete buds with staggered directions, and carve buds on them when sprouting. Trunk pruning without secondary branching promotes secondary branching.
The fifth year: leveling branches; Cut off branches of diseases and insect pests, over-dense branches, upright branches, insect tips and whorls. 7.2 The characteristics of cluster shapes and the process of shaping and pruning are as follows:
The planting density is 1.8 ~ 2.5m× 4.5 ~ 5.5m, and the height of the tree is 2.5m. When planting, the tree should be fixed at 30 ~ 40 cm to promote the germination of the main branches. In late spring and early summer, when the main branch grows vigorously enough to promote the growth of secondary branches, the main branch retracts to 4 ~ 5 buds. In the first year, the tree body is short, and the secondary branches are 8 ~ 10. The third time was in the spring of the following year, the fourth time was in June and July, and the tree was formed at the end of the third year.
Thinning the inner branches to increase the light in the tree, not too much. Reduce irrigation, control tree potential, so as to facilitate the reasonable fruit setting next year. Small output can be obtained in the third year, and moderate output can be obtained after the fourth year.
In order to improve the early yield of clumped trees, different chemical and mechanical measures were adopted instead of pruning to promote the growth of branches. After planting, use pumalin instead of pruning to promote branch germination. Pruning measures should not be taken in the first year. If the growth is vigorous, the branches can be pulled at an angle of 45 in the first year or the second year to control the tree vigor and promote flower bud differentiation. The central trunk will continue to grow in a short time, reduce pruning, promote the branches to form a good angle, which is conducive to early fruiting and higher yield.
At the end of the first year, the tree has 4 ~ 6 main branches, and other branches that grow horizontally are reserved. In the second year, the bases of 4 ~ 6 main branches were treated with chemicals to promote the germination of secondary branches, rather than retracting the main branches or draining the central branches. At the end of the second year, the tree formed 10 ~ 12 secondary branches and formed flower buds to prepare for the coming year. In the third year, the tree structure has been formed and has achieved considerable output. At the end of the third year, the net was dismantled, and the output in the fourth year was even greater.
8. Flower and fruit management 8. 1 artificial pollination 8. 1. 1 flower picking and pollen collection: flower picking should be carried out at mid-flowering stage, mainly for varieties with high pollination affinity with main cultivars, and mixed pollen should be collected for pollination. Each kilogram of fresh bellflower can produce 12.0 ~ 23.8 grams of dried pollen with medicinal shells.
8. 1.2 Pollination time and times: 2-3 times of artificial pollination shall be conducted from the initial flowering period of sweet cherry.
8. 1.3 Pollination method: In artificial pollination, you can dip pollen with a brush or rubber head and give it to the style. Generally speaking, from the first day to the second day of flowering, the effect of point teaching is the best.
The pollinator used for artificial pollination can be made by ourselves: one is a spherical pollinator suitable for branching functional fruiting mother branches, that is, a foam plastic ball or a clean gauze ball with a diameter of 5-6 cm is tied to the top of a wooden stick or bamboo pole, so that different kinds of flowers can be lightly contacted to achieve the purpose of collecting powder and pollinating. The other is a rod-shaped pollinator suitable for uniaxial elongation functional fruiting mother branches, that is, a layer of clean gauze is wrapped at the top of a wooden stick or bamboo pole for rolling among different kinds of flowers to achieve the purpose of collecting and pollinating. 8.2 Pollination by visiting insects 8.2. 1 bee pollination: sweet cherries are stocked every 0.4 ~ 0.7 hectares during flowering 1 box of bees. It is forbidden to spray pesticides during bee release.
8.2.2 Pollination by wallbees: When the sweet cherry orchard is pollinated by wallbees, the beehives should be set in the leeward and sunny places, and the beehives are about 1 m from the ground, with 250 ~ 300 nests per nest. 8.3 Bud thinning and fruit thinning 8.3. 1 Bud thinning: usually carried out before flowering, mainly thinning abnormal Kobanawa flowers on fruit branches. There are 2 ~ 3 buds on each bouquetlike fruit branch.
8.3.2 Fruit thinning: generally, it is carried out after the physiological fruit drop of sweet cherry in mid-May. Leave 3 ~ 4 fruits for each bouquetlike fruit branch, with a maximum of 4 ~ 5 fruits. Extra-small fruits and deformed fruits are thinned.
9. Pest control 9. 1 The main branch pests are Anoplophora longicorn and Bombyx mori. Prevention and control methods are:
9. 1. 1 mulberry white scale: During the winter dormancy period of sweet cherry, the bark was scraped artificially to eliminate the overwintering female adults. Spraying 5% anthracene oil emulsion or 5 Baume sulfur mixed solution at the germination stage, spraying 20% pyrethroid 3000 times, 2.5% Kung Fu EC 3000 times, 40% quick killing EC 1.500 times, or 40.7% Lesburn EC 1.000 times at the peak of each generation. Black ladybug is an important natural enemy of mulberry white scale, so attention should be paid to its protection and utilization.
9. 1.2 Red-necked Anoplophora longicorn: During the subcutaneous damage, larvae will be dug up manually, or pesticides will be injected through veterinary needles, and then mud plugging drugs will be used to kill them. Before the adult emerged, the branches were coated with whitening agent prepared with quicklime 10, sulfur 1 0 and water 40 to prevent the adult from laying eggs. Adult occurs in June-July, and it is killed manually. 9.2 Blind stinkbug mainly includes stinkbug with green wings, stinkbug with green eyes and stinkbug with pear net. Prevention and control methods are:
9.2. 1 Artificial control: During the overwintering period, the overwintering adults of stinkbug tea wing were captured artificially. Weeds in and out of the garden, and wintering eggs of green blind stinkbug. Scrape and brush the cracks in the coarse bark of branches to eliminate the overwintering adults in pear net stinkbug.
9.2.2 Chemical control: During the incubation period, spray 1500 times of 40.7% Lethbone EC, 3,000 times of 20% pyrethroid EC or 3,000 times of 2.5% Kung Fu EC to kill nymphs. 9.3 Leaf perforation mainly includes cherry brown spot perforation and bacterial perforation. Prevention and control methods are:
Artificial control: during the dormancy period of sweet cherry, thoroughly clean the orchard, sweep away fallen leaves and burn it.
Chemical control: Spraying 4 ~ 5 baumeishi sulfur mixture before germination. After flowering, new shoots are sprayed with 70% mancozeb solution 600 times, 800 times of 80% Sheng Da solution or 800 times of 80% spray solution for a long time. 9.4 root cancer prevention and treatment methods are:
Selection of disease-resistant rootstock: Prunus macrophylla is the best.
Disinfection of seedlings: seedlings leaving the nursery undergo strict quarantine, and all diseased plants are removed and burned. Before planting seedlings, soak the roots with 30 times of Geninin biological pesticide (K84) for 5 minutes for disinfection.
Cancer curettage: found that the cancer was completely scraped clean. Stick cotton wool with 30 times of Zugen Aining solution on the scrape, and pour a certain amount of 30 times Zugen Aining solution around it. Scraped cancer tissue should be cleaned and burned in time.
10. Harvest and post-harvest treatment 10. 1 Fruits for export and storage should be harvested at the eighth maturity. If the fruit maturity is inconsistent, it should be harvested in batches at the right time, and it should be harvested in 2 ~ 3 times according to the fruit maturity. According to the use, harvest the fruits with suitable maturity for the first time and the second time, clean the garden for the last time, and harvest all the fruits left on the trees. Harvest time should be before 10 in the morning or after 4 pm. Put the harvested fruit in a padded container and handle it carefully. 10.2 cherry after classification and packaging should be primarily classified, and cracked fruit, rotten fruit, deformity (conjoined), prickly fruit, overripe fruit and hard fruit should be eliminated. After sorting, put them into a container with a soft inner container with strong pressure resistance, such as a lattice wooden box, a carton or a plastic turnover box, etc., to prevent crushing during transportation. Pay attention to ventilation and heat dissipation to prevent heatstroke. Fruit grading can be based on color, single fruit weight and so on. Packaging forms are divided into delivery packaging, transportation storage packaging and sales packaging. Small fruit baskets (plastic or wicker products) for picking and packaging, plastic turnover boxes, cartons and other packaging materials with strong compression resistance for transportation and packaging should be lined with cushions. Such as wrapping paper, polystyrene foam, etc. Sales packaging can be designed according to market demand. 10.3 precooling and bagging precooling are important links in cherry storage, aiming at rapidly cooling, inhibiting cherry respiration and reducing consumption. Cherry harvested in the field should be transported to the precooling room which has been completely disinfected and the storage temperature has dropped to-65438 0℃ as soon as possible on the same day, and placed separately according to varieties, batches and grades. Fruit boxes should be stacked in single or double rows, and there should be gaps between boxes. In order to cool the fruit quickly, the storage capacity should not exceed 1/5 of the total storage capacity at most. The pre-cooling temperature is set to 0 ~ 2℃ (the upper limit is 0℃ and the lower limit is -2℃), and the pre-cooling standard is that the temperature of cherry products is 0 0.5℃; The general time is 1 ~ 2 days to achieve the purpose of precooling. When pre-cooling, the pre-cooling should be carried out in the packaging box as a whole, and it is not allowed to pour out for pre-cooling, so as not to aggravate the crush of the fruit. If polystyrene foam box is used, measures such as punching holes in the box and uncovering the upper cover can be taken to accelerate the convection of cold air.
After the precooled product temperature reaches the required temperature, adjust the warehouse temperature to 0 0.5℃ (upper limit +0.5℃, lower limit -0.5℃), and then package. It is required to complete bagging and sorting in the cold storage, and further eliminate the fruits that are not suitable for storage, such as sick fruits, damaged fruits, over-ripe fruits, fruitless stalks and malformations. After bagging, tie the bag mouth tightly with a tether. Cherry should be packed in fresh-keeping bags with the capacity of 1 ~ 2kg, and 0.05mm PVC special fresh-keeping bag is the best choice. 10.4 storage and preservation 10.4. 1 temperature management: stable low temperature is the key to the cold storage of sweet cherries. Proper low temperature can effectively inhibit the respiratory intensity of sweet cherry, reduce the metabolism to the maximum extent, thus delaying its senescence, and at the same time slowing down the harm of pathogens, providing basic conditions for maintaining fresh and tender quality of cherry. The ideal temperature of cold storage should be kept at 0 0.5℃. Under normal circumstances, the temperature fluctuation range of cold storage does not exceed 2℃, and the temperature fluctuation range of sweet cherry products does not exceed 0.5℃.
10.4.2 humidity management: the suitable humidity of sweet cherry is about 90%, and the humidity in the bag can reach the ideal index when packed in fresh-keeping bags.
10.4.3 gas composition management: the suitable oxygen concentration is 3% ~ 10% and carbon dioxide is 10% ~ 15%. Different fresh-keeping bags, different temperatures and capacities have different concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The closer to the ideal index, the better the preservation effect.
10.4.4 routine inspection: the routine inspection is to observe the change of cherry color and taste. It is best to have an oxygen and carbon dioxide analyzer to regularly detect the gas composition in the bag. If not, it is necessary to randomly check a few bags of cherries, open the bag mouth to observe the changes of cherries in the bag, and check whether there is any peculiar smell, deterioration, abnormality, etc. If problems are found, they should be sold in time.