What age is suitable for healthy people to donate hematopoietic stem cells?
/kloc-healthy people aged 0/8-45 can register as volunteers to donate hematopoietic stem cells, and/kloc-healthy people aged 0/8-55 can collect hematopoietic stem cells.
Why do healthy people aged 45-55 no longer accept registration?
The best age for collecting hematopoietic stem cells is 18-55 years old, and it will take some time for donors to find suitable patients after registration. In order to make full use of the limited testing funds, the registration age should not exceed 45 years old.
Health standards for voluntary donors of hematopoietic stem cells?
Anyone who is 18-55 years old, healthy and passes the following blood tests can become a hematopoietic stem cell donor.
Alanine aminotransferase 40 unit
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen: negative
Hepatitis C virus antibody: negative
HIV antibody: negative
Syphilis test: negative
How to join the database of hematopoietic stem cell donors in China and become a volunteer to donate hematopoietic stem cells?
If you are a school-age child, healthy and willing to donate hematopoietic stem cells, you can contact the hotline of the local Red Cross to register, fill in the voluntary donation book and related forms, and draw 5 ml of blood. The tissue matching laboratory will test your blood for HLA typing, and input all your related information into the computer database of China Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donor Database, so that patients who are eager for transplantation can find a match, and you will become an honorable volunteer to donate hematopoietic stem cells.
How do you know that you have become a volunteer to donate hematopoietic stem cells?
China Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donor Database: Donor service agencies located all over the country will inform you that you are accepted as a volunteer to donate hematopoietic stem cells and keep in touch with you frequently.
Is there any subsidy for donation registration and donation of hematopoietic stem cells?
Donating hematopoietic stem cells is a dedication of love and a good deed to save people. Subsidies are generally not advocated.
Will volunteers donate hematopoietic stem cells immediately after registration?
After registration, we should first arrange to take 5 ml blood for HLA typing test, and save the data in the database of hematopoietic stem cell donors in China for future reference. When a patient needs hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the transplantation center will send the HLA typing data of the patient to the database. If the retrieval results show that only your HLA matches the patient, the provincial management center will inform you to make preparations for donation. This process may be short, or it may take several years. And most volunteers may not have the opportunity to donate.
What problems should be paid attention to as volunteers who donate hematopoietic stem cells?
When the telephone number and address of you or your contact person change, I hope to inform the registration department in time so as to find you quickly when necessary, so that the patient's illness can be treated in time and ensure that you realize your desire to save lives.
Can I change my decision to donate hematopoietic stem cells at any time?
The registration and donation of hematopoietic stem cells are based on voluntariness. After registration, the database will reconfirm your voluntariness. Testing your HLA database will cost some money. In order to save money, if you propose to terminate the donation, please think carefully. However, before transplantation, especially after signing the donation consent, the donation decision cannot be cancelled, because at this time, the patient must undergo large doses of radiotherapy and chemotherapy to prepare for transplantation, and at this time, the patient has lost his hematopoietic capacity. In the meantime, if the donation is stopped, it will be too late to find a match temporarily, and the patient will be in danger.
Why do donors have to fill in the consent form and donor registration form when registering the database of hematopoietic stem cell donors in China?
It is a noble act of dedication to join the database of hematopoietic stem cell donors in China and become a volunteer to donate hematopoietic stem cells. When necessary, donors will donate hematopoietic stem cells for patients free of charge. Therefore, the donor database of hematopoietic stem cells in China must obtain the written commitment of the donor, and know the exact mailing address and contact information of the donor through the registration form.
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Brief Introduction of China Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donor Database
China Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donor Database, also known as "China Bone Marrow Bank", was formerly known as "China unrelated bone marrow transplant donor database" approved by the Ministry of Health 1992. In February, 2000 1 and1,the Central Organizing Committee approved the establishment of the China Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donor Database Management Center (hereinafter referred to as the "database") to uniformly manage and standardize the publicity, organization, mobilization, HLA typing of voluntary donors, finding suitable hematopoietic stem cell donors and providing transplant treatment services for patients.
The construction of "database" is the need of human civilization and medical cause. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be used to treat leukemia, acute radiation sickness, severe aplastic anemia, severe thalassemia, severe immune diseases and low immune function after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer. Nearly one million patients in China need hematopoietic stem cell transplantation every year, and there are only 40 thousand new leukemia patients every year. The key to the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is that the HLA typing of patients and donors must be consistent. The coincidence rate between identical twins is 100%, and that between siblings with blood relationship is 25%. At present, most teenagers are only children, so it is difficult to find a suitable compatriot donor after illness. To carry out hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we can only rely on unrelated voluntary donors to provide matched hematopoietic stem cells, but the unrelated HLA matching rate is about1/400-110000. According to the actual situation in China, a "database" with more than 300,000 people should be built as soon as possible to meet the needs of clinical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for leukemia patients.
China Red Cross Society is a social relief group engaged in humanitarian work. Building a database of hematopoietic stem cell donors in China is a special task entrusted by the government to the China Red Cross. It is a new service field of the Red Cross's humanitarian relief work, and it is also a practical and good thing that the Red Cross has done for the broad masses of the people by practicing Theory of Three Represents. In the past two years, the "database" has been strongly supported and valued by relevant government departments and all walks of life. At present, China has established 24 provincial sub-databases, 24 HLA designated tissue matching laboratories and 1 quality control laboratories. By the end of August 2003, more than 60,000 pieces of leukocyte antigen typing data that can be used to search patients have been accepted and searched for more than 3,000 times. Among them, nearly 300 volunteers' data are consistent with patients' leukocyte antigen typing, and more than 50 leukemia patients have been provided with hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation.
Establishing "database" is a systematic social assistance project. It is hoped that all sectors of society will continue to care for and support the construction of the "database" so as to save more leukemia patients, make the humanitarian purpose of the China Red Cross Society to protect people's lives and health and promote the cause of peace and progress widely spread, and make the spirit of humanity, fraternity and dedication of the China Red Cross Society carry forward.
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Introduction to popular science knowledge
First, what is bone marrow?
Bone marrow is a spongy tissue, which exists between the bone marrow cavity of long bones (such as humerus and femur) and the cancellous bone of flat bones (such as ilium). The bone marrow that can produce blood cells is reddish and is called red bone marrow. As soon as a person is born, red bone marrow fills the bone marrow cavity of the whole body. With the increase of age, fat cells increase, and a considerable part of red bone marrow is replaced by yellow bone marrow. Finally, almost only the bone marrow cavity of flat bone has red bone marrow. This change may be due to the fact that adults do not need all bone marrow cavity hematopoiesis, and some bone marrow cavity hematopoiesis is enough to supplement the needed blood cells. When the body is seriously ischemic, part of yellow bone marrow can be replaced by red bone marrow, and the hematopoietic capacity of bone marrow is significantly improved.
Second, how much bone marrow does the human body have?
People's bone marrow is related to factors such as weight, and the adult bone marrow is generally about 3 kg.
3. What are hematopoietic stem cells? Can it be regenerated?
Hematopoietic stem cells are a kind of cells that can self-renew, have strong differentiation, development and regeneration abilities, and can produce many types of blood cells. Hematopoietic stem cells are derived from red bone marrow, which can migrate to peripheral blood circulation through blood flow, and will not damage hematopoietic function due to blood donation and donation of hematopoietic stem cells.
4. What is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
Normal hematopoietic stem cells are infused into patients through vein to rebuild their hematopoietic and immune functions and achieve the purpose of treating some diseases. This process is called hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Five, the classification of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
According to the source of hematopoietic stem cells, it can be divided into bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
6. What diseases can hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treat?
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be used to treat neoplastic diseases such as leukemia and some malignant solid tumors, as well as non-neoplastic diseases such as aplastic anemia, severe immunodeficiency, acute radiation sickness and thalassemia.
7. Does donating hematopoietic stem cells have an impact on the body?
Hematopoietic stem cells in human body have strong regenerative ability. Under normal circumstances, all kinds of cells in the human body are constantly metabolized every day, and they are experiencing a cycle of generation, aging and death. Blood loss or donation of hematopoietic stem cells can stimulate bone marrow to accelerate hematopoiesis. 1-2 weeks, all kinds of blood cells in the blood will return to the original level. So donating hematopoietic stem cells will not affect health.
8. What are the main collection methods of hematopoietic stem cells?
There are two main methods.
1. Extraction of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells: The donor performs general anesthesia or local anesthesia to extract bone marrow blood from the donor's ilium.
2. Collecting stem cells from peripheral blood: injecting mobilization agent into donors, collecting blood components, and collecting hematopoietic stem cells from peripheral blood of donors.
9. Which method is advocated by China Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donor Database to collect hematopoietic stem cells?
The collection method advocated by China Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donor Database is to collect hematopoietic stem cells from peripheral blood. A large number of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow blood were mobilized into peripheral blood by scientific methods, whole blood was collected from the donor's arm vein, hematopoietic stem cells were extracted by a blood cell separator, and other blood components were returned to the donor.
X is it dangerous for donors to collect peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells?
So far, there is no report that peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell collection has caused harm to donors. After the collection is completed, some slight pain and discomfort will disappear, and the instruments used will be strictly disinfected and used once to ensure the safety of donors.
How many hematopoietic stem cells do donors need to collect?
About 10g hematopoietic stem cells need to be collected.
Twelve, before collecting hematopoietic stem cells, why use hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer drugs for donors? Are there any side effects on human body?
Under normal physiological conditions, the number of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells is very small, which can not meet the needs of transplantation. After drug mobilization, accelerating the generation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and releasing them into peripheral blood can increase peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells by 20-30 times to meet the needs of transplantation. According to years of clinical observation and current international reports, drug mobilizers have no side effects on human health.
XIII. What is HLA and what role does it play in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
HLA, namely human leukocyte antigen, exists on the surface of various nucleated cells in human body. It is an "identity card" of human beings, which is inherited by parents; Can identify "self" and "non-self" and eliminate "non-self" through immune response, thus maintaining the integrity of individuals. Therefore, HLA plays a vital role in the success or failure of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which requires HLA matching between donors and recipients.
14. Why do donors and patients need HLA typing?
Because the HLA of different races and individuals is very different, it is necessary to determine the HLA types of donors and patients by certain methods, so as to select donors that match the HLA of patients for transplantation, which is the key to the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
15. What is the HLA coincidence rate of brothers and sisters?
Identical twins (identical genes) are 100%, and fraternal twins or biological siblings are 1/4.
Sixteen, what is blood relationship and non-blood relationship?
Blood relationship refers to brothers and sisters, parents and cousins; Unrelated refers to a person who is not related to the patient.
17. What is the HLA coincidence rate between unrelated donors and patients?
The HLA coincidence rate of human unrelated relationship is 1/400- 1 10,000. In rare HLA types, the coincidence rate is only one in tens of thousands or even one in hundreds of thousands. Due to the universality of one-child families, the number of people with high coincidence rate is decreasing, and the future transplantation mainly depends on finding coincidence among unrelated donors.