From this point of view, Shubo's career view has several characteristics: uniqueness, everyone's career development is unique; Directionality, the continuous evolution direction of life events in the process of career development; Timeliness, that is, career development is continuous in a person's life; Spatiality, that is, occupation takes the role of occupation as the main axis, and also includes the role related to work; Phenomenological, that is, a profession will only exist when people are looking for it in their subjective consciousness, and a profession will only "appear" when people think about the future; Initiative, each of us is the shaper of our own career. (The above is the western outlook on life)
In China, life is about livelihood, ambition and destiny. China people's outlook on life has several characteristics: First, taking exams as a means to improve their self-class, and even taking exams as the ultimate goal of life, its drawback is that it will make society and individuals ignore diversified career choices except exams; Second, gender stereotypes are very obvious. The traditional role of "men dominate the outside and women dominate the inside" can only deeply affect the career development of both sexes today. For example, many women will feel that the "hidden ceiling" in the company separates them from higher positions; Third, obey authority, follow the example and attach importance to customs. In the traditional concept of China people, the success of personal career is often to show the family's surplus virtue (filial piety). Many times, in order to maintain family prestige, children are required to follow in their father's footsteps, which makes many young children with prominent family backgrounds unable to choose their career direction according to their own wishes.
Career counseling (also called career counseling) is a professional counseling aimed at promoting personal career development. In this kind of consultation, the methods and techniques of different psychological disciplines are often combined to help individuals understand themselves, understand the environment, choose a suitable lifestyle to enhance their personal happiness, and then seek social well-being.
Contemporary career counseling mainly emphasizes the following topics:
First, cultivate career decision-making ability. Faced with different career decisions (such as choosing high school or vocational school, choosing the bottom major of a key university or the ace major of an ordinary university, and choosing postgraduate entrance examination or employment), individuals need to have the ability to collect, filter and use relevant information to help them make appropriate decisions. Career counseling can help individuals develop these abilities.
Second, develop self-concept. Here, self-concept refers to the sum of a person's understanding of himself in many aspects. The more a person knows himself, the more he can make the most suitable decision when faced with a choice (whether for environmental conditions or his own conditions). Self is not only a person's course (from birth to now, the connotation of self is constantly changing), but also the core of career decision.
Third, pay attention to lifestyle, value and leisure. In career counseling, we should not only help the help-seekers understand what the most suitable role is, but also let the help-seekers know some potential values behind the chosen road, what the lifestyle of this profession or role is, and whether the help-seekers like it (including leisure).
Fourth, emphasize freedom of choice and responsibility. In career counseling, counselors try their best to provide different options for clients to choose from, help clients to evaluate the pros and cons of different options, help clients to improve their understanding of themselves and the environment, and enable clients to make choices that are dominated by their own free will when they have enough information (whether about personal orientation or conditions in real situations) (although they may be influenced by their parents in reality).
Fifth, pay attention to individual differences. In career counseling, with the help of various measuring tools or information technology, the parties can understand the advantages and disadvantages of their personal characteristics and do their best.
Sixth, improve the adaptability and responsiveness to changing situations. Nowadays, with the drastic changes in society, it is impossible to only engage in a certain industry and play a certain role from beginning to end. Therefore, individuals need to have certain adaptability. The active practice of career counseling lies in nip in the bud, helping clients to pay attention to the information of future social trends when planning their career, and guide the current direction choice with future vision.