1, design index. The design index of heat exchanger includes the type and flow rate of working fluid, inlet and outlet temperature, working pressure and heat exchanger efficiency. Aerospace heat exchangers should also include allowable pressure drop, size and mass.
2. Overall layout. The general layout of heat exchanger should first select the type and structure of heat exchanger, fluid flow form and materials used, and then select the type of heat transfer surface. Working temperature and pressure should be considered.
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3. Heat dissipation design. The thermal design of heat exchanger includes heat transfer calculation, flow resistance calculation and size determination. In addition to technical performance indicators, thermal design also needs the characteristics of heat transfer surface (including heat transfer characteristics, flow resistance characteristics and structural parameters) and the thermophysical parameters of fluids and materials. It can be said that the optimization technology is applied to the thermal design of heat exchangers. According to the design goal, various heat exchanger forms and heat transfer surfaces are optimized and analyzed from different angles, and several alternative schemes are provided.
4. Structural design. The mechanism design of heat exchanger includes the following contents:
(1) According to the maximum working temperature and pressure, as well as the results of thermal design and resistance calculation, the materials and dimensions of each part are determined to ensure the performance of the heat exchange dance in stable operation.
(2) Choose welding method and sealing material according to working temperature, pressure and fluid properties.
(3) In order to ensure the uniformity of fluid distribution, the head, header, nozzle and baffle are designed.
(4) In order to meet the structural design of thermal and resistance performance, the strength of main components must be checked to avoid damage or waste caused by insufficient strength under extreme working conditions.
(5) Maintenance (including cleaning, repair and maintenance, etc. ) and transportation requirements.
For some heat exchangers working under special conditions, some must also calculate the thermal stress during the start-stop process, calculate the structural vibration caused by fluid flow, or check the flow rate to reduce corrosion and structure. In a word, structural design and thermal design are equally important, and the design of heat exchanger should be considered and coordinated.
5. Selection of design scheme. After the thermal design and structural design of the heat exchanger are completed, the alternative scheme of the structure is provided, and then the designer can use the evaluation standard. Comprehensive consideration of various specific circumstances, make a final decision. The selection conditions are qualitative, such as mold manufacturing conditions, brazing furnace size, transportation restrictions, delivery date, company policy, competition intensity and so on, which will all affect the final selection. Evaluation criteria refer to indicators that can be measured quantitatively, such as weight, overall size, consumption of pumped fluid, initial investment and service life.
I believe that after the above introduction, everyone has a certain understanding of the safety matters that should be paid attention to in the design of plate heat exchangers. Welcome to Zhong Da for more information.
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