Consulting relationship is of great significance in consulting. First, a good psychological counseling relationship is the premise of psychological counseling.
Second, a good consulting relationship is the premise of achieving the ideal consulting effect.
The establishment and maintenance of consulting relationship are influenced by both consultants and visitors;
First of all, the counseling concept, counseling attitude and personality characteristics of psychological counselors play a vital role in establishing and maintaining the counseling relationship.
Secondly, the counseling motivation, cooperative attitude, expectation, understanding level, self-cognition level, behavior and coping style of psychological counselors will also affect the counseling relationship and counseling effect to some extent.
Unit 1? respect
First, respect refers to the unconditional acceptance of help seekers by counselors.
1. The psychological core and essential meaning of respect is the acceptance of help seekers by psychological counselors. ① Accept the positive, bright and correct side of the person asking for help, and also accept the negative, gloomy and wrong side; Accept both the same side as the consultant himself and the completely different side from himself; 3 accept the side that the consultant likes and agrees with, and accept the side that the consultant hates and opposes; ④ We should not only accept the values and lifestyle of the clients, but also see their cognition, behavior, emotion and personality. In short, respect is everything to those who receive help and everything to those who accept help unconditionally.
2. In attitude, acceptance is neutral. The so-called acceptance is not something that the consultant appreciates or likes the helper, nor something that the consultant hates or hates the helper, but neutral acceptance, that is, the consultant knows something about the helper.
3. In the concept of psychological counseling, psychological counselors must understand that accepting help is the basic requirement of psychological counselors' professional ethics and the basic condition of psychological counseling professional activities.
Second, respect means equality.
Psychological counselors' respect for help seekers also shows that there is equality between counselors and help seekers. Equality is embodied in the equality of value, dignity and personality between psychological counselors and help seekers.
Third, respect means politeness. Politeness helps to establish an equal and trusting relationship between consultants and clients. Counselors' courtesy and enthusiasm for help seekers will inevitably make them feel respected.
Fourth, respect means trust. Trust is the basis and premise of respect. Only by trusting the helper can the counselor respect the helper and help him solve his psychological problems wholeheartedly.
Fifth, respect means protecting privacy.
Respect means sincerity.
Reflected in the sincere heart, sincere emotion and sincere attitude towards the helper.
Precautions:
1. Psychological counselors should accept the help-seekers in counseling, especially the differences between the help-seekers and the counselors themselves. 2. Counselors and clients are equal in value, dignity and personality. 3. Psychological counselors should follow etiquette and be polite to people. 4. The counselor should trust the helper. 5. Psychological counselors should not take the initiative to inquire about the secrets and privacy of the help seekers, but should protect the secrets and privacy that the help seekers take the initiative to tell, and should not spread them at will. 6. Counselors should be sincere to helpers. 7. When it is difficult for counselors to accept help seekers, they can make referrals, which is also a kind of respect for help seekers.
? Unit 2? enthusiasm
In psychological counseling, psychological counselors should not only show the rational part of accepting help-seekers to communicate on an equal footing and help them solve their psychological problems, but also show the strong emotional color of being enthusiastic and helpful. Enthusiasm should be reflected in the whole process of counseling. The enthusiasm, patience, thoughtfulness and meticulous attitude of the psychological counselor can make the seekers feel the care and warmth of the counselor and feel that they have received the most friendly reception.
Express your enthusiasm for help seekers, focusing on understanding and mastering: 1. Lay a good foundation for enthusiasm in the reception stage of the first visit.
2. Express enthusiasm through listening and nonverbal behavior,
3. Being earnest, patient and tireless in consultation is the best expression of enthusiasm.
At the end of the consultation, the helper felt warm.
Precautions:
1. Psychological counselors should always be enthusiastic and patient with help seekers and take pains to help them instead of being indifferent to them.
2. Psychological counselors should help clients express themselves sincerely and enthusiastically.
3. Psychological counselors should listen carefully, guide patiently and meticulously, and don't criticize and accuse the helper because of the content he expresses.
4. When encountering factors that hinder consultation, we should show enthusiasm and patience to those who ask for help. Psychological counselors should be patient, not impatient, and take pains to help those who ask for help when they appear repeatedly.
? Unit 3 Sincerity
First, the sincerity of consultants has the following important significance:
1. Sincerity can create a safe and free consulting atmosphere, so that clients can feel that they can open their hearts to consultants, reveal their inner world and confess their psychological problems, including weakness, failure and fault privacy. Without worry, I feel accepted, trusted and loved.
2. The sincerity of the consultant provides a good example for the helper. Through example learning, help seekers learn to truly communicate with counselors, openly express or vent their emotions, and may discover and know their true selves, and promote self-exploration and change with the help of counselors, which will reduce ambiguity and misunderstanding in the negotiation process and make the communication between the two sides clear and accurate.
Second, to grasp sincerity, we must understand and master the following questions.
1. Sincerity does not mean telling the truth.
The sincerity of a counselor does not mean that you can say whatever you want. Although you can't tell the truth, you should express it sincerely.
2. Sincerity should be realistic.
Sincerity is not self-venting.
In the process of consultation, some questions or feelings of the helper may be the same as or similar to those of the counselor, which may trigger the counselor and the counselor may feel something. This feeling is self-discovery and sincere taboo, which should be avoided as much as possible in consultation.
4. Express sincerity in moderation.
Excessive enthusiasm or sincerity may make the helper doubt the consultant's motivation and damage the consulting relationship.
5. Sincerity is also reflected in nonverbal communication.
Attention; A forward and modest posture; A calm expression when listening; Unconditionally accept whatever the helper expresses, and nodding is sincere. A peaceful voice and a warm and helpful expression of true feelings are sincere.
6. Express sincerity to consider the time factor.
In the early stage of consultation, a good consultation relationship has not been established, and sincere expression is reflected in not being hypocritical. With the extension of time, a good consulting relationship has been established. Counselors can express their shortcomings or deficiencies in good faith, and they can also express their opinions or comments, but on the principle of not damaging their relationship.
7. The candor of the consultant reflects sincerity.
1. Psychological counselors must understand that sincerity does not mean telling the truth, and telling the truth is not entirely sincere.
Sincerity can't be divorced from facts, we should seek truth from facts and pretend to understand.
3. Counselors can't express their feelings and vent their inner world.
It should be enough to express sincerity, but being too sincere is counterproductive.
Sincerity can also be expressed in nonverbal words, such as body posture, eyes, voice and intonation.
6. The expression of sincerity should be changed according to the negotiation process.
? Unit 4? * * * Family ties
First, the meaning of * * *
Rogers believes that * * * emotion refers to the ability to experience the inner world of the helper. Specific meanings include:
1. The psychological counselor goes deep into the other person's heart through the words and deeds of the helper to understand his feelings and thoughts (feel the other person).
2. With the help of knowledge and experience, the counselor grasps the relationship between the experience of the helper and his experience and personality, and deeply understands the psychological essence and specific problems of the helper. (Blend into his inner self and experience his inner self)
3. Psychological counselors use counseling skills to convey their feelings to each other, express their inner experience and understanding of the problems faced by the helpers, and influence each other to get feedback. (Come out after the experience and express it clearly to the tourists)
Second, the significance of * * * love in psychological counseling
1. Psychological counselors can give their lives, and through * * *, they can accurately understand the clients and grasp their inner world.
2. Psychological counselors make visitors feel understood and accepted through their own feelings, thus promoting the establishment of a good counseling relationship.
3. Counselors' affection encourages and promotes visitors' in-depth self-exploration, self-expression, visitors' in-depth, comprehensive and accurate understanding of themselves, and mutual understanding and deeper communication among counselors.
4. In consultation, some help seekers urgently need understanding, care and emotional talk, and the counselor's emotion can directly play a significant role in helping others.
Third, the lack of * * * performance and consequences:
1. Help-seekers may feel disappointed and stop expressing themselves, so as to reduce or lose confidence in continuing counseling.
People who ask for help may feel hurt. Because of the lack of * * * feelings, criticizing and accusing the helper hurts the helper.
3. Due to the lack of emotion, the helper's self-exploration is ignored and not encouraged, which affects the helper's self-exploration and in-depth understanding.
4. Affect the counselor's response to help-seekers. Without * * * emotion, the psychological counselor can't really understand the heart of the helper, so the response may deviate from the helper's question or lack pertinence.
Fourth, the expression of the feelings of the helper needs to understand and master the following points.
1. The consultant's perspective needs to be changed. It is necessary to look at the help-seekers and their existing problems from their own perspective.
2.*** Love is not based on having similar experiences and feelings with people who seek help, but putting themselves in the people who seek help and their problems.
3, the expression of * * * can not be treated equally, but varies from person to person, depending on the situation.
4. We should seize the opportunity to express * * * feelings, and * * * feelings should be appropriate.
5 To express * * * feelings, we should be good at changing the roles of consultants and helpers.
6. Express * * * feelings, be good at using body language, and pay attention to posture, eyes, voice and intonation.
I have more than one star | one factory, one factory and three factories.
8. The consultant should constantly check whether the situation is * * * and correct it in time after receiving feedback.
? Unit 5? Pay active attention to
First, the counselor must first have a belief that the helper will still have his own strengths and advantages despite all kinds of problems and symptoms. Through their own efforts and outside help, the helper can change and live a better life than now.
All effective consultation is considered to bring positive changes to customers.
Second, the meaning and significance of active concern
The so-called positive concern means that counselors pay attention to the positive and bright side of the words and behaviors of the helped people, so that the helped people can have positive values and have the internal motivation to change themselves. In layman's terms, active concern is to treat help seekers dialectically and objectively. Active attention not only helps to establish a good consulting relationship and promote communication, but also has a consulting role.
Iii. Matters needing attention when actively paying attention to help seekers: 1. Psychological counselors must treat the clients dialectically and objectively, not only to see their negative, gloomy and negative failures, shortcomings and deficiencies, but also to see their positive and bright sides such as their strengths and advantages.
2. Active attention is not only to keep the counselors concerned, but also to help the help seekers take the initiative to pay attention to themselves, see their strengths and advantages, and explore their internal potential and resources.
3. Avoid being blindly optimistic when actively paying attention.
4. Especially when you are actively concerned, you should avoid being negative.
5. Take the initiative to pay attention to the reality and seek truth from facts.
6. The purpose of active concern is to promote the self-discovery and potential development of help seekers and realize the all-round development of mental health, which is also the highest goal of psychological counseling.