1 definition and nursing of intravenous infusion therapy
Engaged in intravenous infusion technology and clinical practice in the fields of body fluids and electrolytes, pharmacology, infection control, pediatrics, blood product infusion therapy, parenteral nutrition, anti-tumor therapy, quality management and so on.
Professional nurses (professional static nurses) engaged in intravenous infusion treatment and nursing.
2. 1 the standard of professional nurses in static therapy should meet the following requirements: registered nurses; Bachelor's degree in nursing; 65,438+0 years experience in intravenous infusion therapy (65,438+0,600 hours of intravenous infusion therapy and nursing in the past two consecutive years); You must have a certified registered nurse certificate to carry out intravenous infusion [2].
2.2 Professional static nurse qualification certification is a voluntary process, and the requirements for professional knowledge, work experience, practical ability and professional level are far higher than the basic requirements for professional registration. In the United States, the examination is organized by NITA, and its qualification is recognized nationwide. The basic conditions are: having a registered nurse's license; Pass the written test in the form of 9 multiple-choice questions mentioned in the definition; Experience of registered nurses in intravenous infusion nursing within 2 years before examination ≥ 1600h[ 1]. Re-examination: 3 years 1 re-examination; Nursing practice of intravenous infusion ≥ 1000h within 3 years. In the process of cardioversion, 40 cardioversion credits (including annual meeting and national junior college education schools) were obtained from continuing education courses sponsored by American Intravenous Nursing Association (INS).
2.3 Responsibilities of Professional Quiet Nurses The American Society of Intravenous Infusion Nursing believes that professional quiet nurses should participate in the whole implementation process of infusion therapy to ensure the provision of safe and high-quality infusion therapy care and control the cost. (1) venipuncture and all operations and nursing related to infusion. Check the puncture point of peripheral venous catheter and change the dressing, catheter and site regularly. Every day, all kinds of venipuncture guide inspection, and try to observe and maintain the collection tube. Chemotherapy administration and blood component infusion. Arterial catheter operation and blood gas technology. Parenteral nutrition. (2) According to the practice standard of infusion treatment and nursing, formulate, implement and strictly abide by the infusion system and process. (3) Promote the professional practice of infusion therapy and nursing by actively participating in professional education, scientific research and developing new technologies. (4) Provide consultation for medical staff, patients, nursing staff, patients' families, community and people in related industries. (5) Evaluation of clinical medical products (for static treatment). (6) Participate in budget management procedures to ensure the most satisfactory nursing quality with the most economical and effective expenditure. (7) Participate in the corresponding management committee, participate in the evaluation of nursing quality and nursing effect and the accounting of cost-effectiveness.
2.4 Training of Professional Quiet Nurses Professional nurses are also ordinary nurses, but ordinary nurses do not need to have the professional knowledge and experience that professional nurses should have. In other words, professional nurses should be ordinary nurses first. On the basis of mastering the theory and technology that ordinary nurses should master, they meet the admission conditions of specific professional nurses and need special training to become professional nurses. Therefore, professional static nurses should be registered nurses. Through study, supervision practice and ability certification, she should have the professional knowledge and skills needed for infusion treatment and nursing.
2.4. 1 theory: the training course for nurses majoring in electrostatic therapy mainly includes nine aspects: (1) infusion technology and clinical application; (2) the balance between liquid and electrolyte; (3) pharmacology; (4) infection control; (5) pediatrics; (6) Blood transfusion therapy; (7) Anti-tumor therapy; (8) Parenteral nutrition; (9) Quality assurance/performance improvement.
2.4.2 The clinical application of the clinical part of infusion therapy and nursing should be carried out under the supervision of a special person until the operator's proficiency is acceptable and the nurse's working ability has passed the certification of the ability evaluation procedure of medical institutions.
3 status quo of nursing management of intravenous infusion therapy
3. 1 Administration of Intravenous Infusion in the United States (1) The operating rules of intravenous infusion are revised regularly every year to keep pace with the times; (2) The practice standard of intravenous nursing is unified nationwide, revised regularly and updated constantly, which is convenient for quality control; (3) Nurses have strong legal awareness, which runs through every operation detail; (4) The nursing records of infusion therapy are recorded and kept in detail according to the requirements of legal documents, which is convenient for patients to sue; (5) The operator is a professional nurse; (6) Patients have the right to receive education and refuse treatment, and their opinions are taken seriously; (7) Academic research: full-time researchers and part-time researchers, mainly based on evidence; (8) Community construction: There are 8 communities, including 17 full-time infusion nursing experts in INS alone.
3.2 Generally speaking, the situation of intravenous infusion management in China has not been standardized, but it has already started. The Nursing Department of Peking University People's Hospital took the lead in setting up a hospital-level intravenous treatment group in Beijing. The intravenous treatment team is mainly responsible for the management and research of intravenous infusion treatment in hospitals, and regularly revises the technical standards for intravenous infusion operation; Systematically train the knowledge of intravenous infusion therapy, and be responsible for continuing education and scientific research in this discipline; Establish monitoring, information collection and feedback system, collect problems monthly or quarterly, and put forward improvement measures to promote the improvement of intravenous infusion quality in the whole hospital. In addition, before New Year's Day in 2005, Huaxi Hospital officially began to train intravenous infusion nurses, and plans to set up IVteam in the near future to promote the specialization of intravenous infusion treatment and nursing.
4. Tasks to be completed in the future of intravenous infusion nursing specialization in China
The specialization of intravenous infusion treatment and nursing can benefit both patients and medical institutions: employing professional static nurses can reduce the number of venipuncture, the incidence of phlebitis, the complications related to intravenous infusion and the unnecessary expenses. The quality is improved and the cost is reduced. Therefore, we should speed up its specialization process and integrate with the international community as soon as possible. The specialization of intravenous infusion treatment and nursing in China has just started, and there are still many things to be done to go on.
4. 1 Establish a professional organization-China Society of Intravenous Infusion Nursing, aiming at establishing professional qualification certification standards, providing professional education, advocating new technologies, and studying nursing effects, so as to improve the nursing level of infusion treatment and ensure that all patients receiving infusion treatment can get high-quality, most economical and most effective care.
4.2 Establish and improve laws and regulations, set up a legally recognized qualification examination committee for intravenous infusion nurses, standardize nursing behaviors, establish a team of intravenous infusion nurses, and train professional intravenous nurses. For complex and risky invasive operations, professional nurses should be required, and technical guidance and quality control of clinical nursing experts are needed. Ensure the nursing quality of intravenous infusion and ensure the protection of patients.
4.3 Training Establish a professional nurse training base, organize the compilation of special teaching materials, improve and update the content of intravenous nursing teaching materials, improve students' practice methods and conditions, and gradually reduce or even cancel the practice for patients.
4.4 Formulation of Practice Standards and Norms According to China's actual situation, formulate the practice standards and norms of intravenous nursing in China, and update the contents regularly, so as to make it a guiding document for quality control and teaching and training.
Intravenous infusion nursing specialization is one aspect of nursing specialization, which can largely reflect the unique value and contribution of nursing specialty in medical and health care services. Some countries, such as the United States, have developed to a considerable extent in the specialization of intravenous infusion nursing, while China has just started. We should speed up the pace of intravenous infusion nursing specialization and connect with the international level of intravenous infusion nursing specialization as soon as possible.