Is Su Dongpo trained by his mother?

No successful person is "cultivated" by any individual or group. Writers are like this, and so are painters. Su Shi and Su Zhe, together with their father Su Xun, are called "Three Sus", which is a historical accident and by no means the result of any one's training. The achievements of writers and painters depend first on talent and second on hard work, both of which are indispensable. People without talent can't achieve anything no matter how hard they try; A talented person is still a mediocre person if he doesn't work hard. This is truth and common sense. Generally speaking, a man, the first closest woman, should be his mother. Of course there are exceptions. For example, if the mother dies in childbirth, the child loses her mother, or if the child's mother is sick and unable to raise the child alone, or if the child's mother is too noble to take care of the child alone, then another woman must replace her mother. For example, it is said that Bao Gong in the opera was raised by his sister-in-law, so he called her "mother-in-law" (in fact, after his parents were qualified, he refused to be an official and went home to serve his father and mother); Most princes are brought up by wet nurses. No wonder they trusted the wet nurse when they became emperors. In the crowd, many children were brought up by grandmothers. Generally speaking, women are indispensable. As the saying goes, "children can't live without their mothers", and the influence of mothers on children is likely to involve the basic education of character and morality, which is very important for children's life. The History of the Song Dynasty in Su Shichuan is 338. In the first paragraph, it is clear that Su Shi was born in Meishan, Meizhou. Ten years of life, my father traveled around the world, and my mother Shicheng personally gave books, and I heard about the success or failure of ancient and modern times. After reading the biography in the Eastern Han Dynasty, I was relieved and asked, "If I am a poet, will my mother allow me?" Shi Cheng said, "Can you be an evil mother?" Of course, this passage in the history of Song Dynasty is not groundless, but "well-founded". This "book" is the epitaph of Mr. Dongpo written by Su Zhe for his brother. Here is a quote from the original text: public taboo, surname Su, word Zi Zhan, word Zhong. Meishan, a noble family, is a prince of Taibao, given by his eldest father. From the song dynasty, chasing Mrs. feng. Father taboo order, gift prince division. Yan, pursuing Mrs. Jia Guotai. Test the taboo and give it to the prince. Mr. Cong Cheng, this is Mrs. Guo. After ten years of public life, the first gentleman learned all over the world, and Mrs. Tai gave books in person. Smell the success or failure of ancient and modern times and you can talk about it. Taitai was relieved to read the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty and get the Biography of Fan Pang. The public servant said, "If a poet is a pang, will your wife agree?" "Can you be a mother?" Taitai asked. The public is also very diligent and has contemporary aspirations. Taifuren said happily, "I have a son." Compared with the crown, studying the history of classics belongs to a thousand words. That is to say, when Su Shi was ten years old, his father Su Xun went out to study, and his mother Cheng personally took classes. One day, when his mother explained the biography of Fan Pang in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, he sighed deeply. Sushi looked at her mother and asked, "Mom, if I grow up, would you like to be like Fan Pang?" Mother asked, "If you can be Fan Pang, can't I be Fan Pang's mother?" Speaking of which, it involves an allusion to Fan Pang, so we have to briefly talk about the history of the "party fighting against differences" between the later Han Dynasty and Fan Pang. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, politics was dark, political affairs were corrupt, eunuchs colluded with consorts, and the regime fell into the hands of eunuchs. Local officials are mostly eunuchs' lackeys. They accept bribes, extort money, kill innocent people indiscriminately, openly sell officials and titles, monopolize their official careers, and are insatiable. At that time, scholars and scholars rose up to criticize state affairs and resist the rule of these shady eunuchs. Honest Confucian scholars, risking being beheaded, wrote a letter to impeach traitors, protest corruption and advocate reform. Eunuchs framed them for "forming a party against the imperial court" and imprisoned them, which is known in history as "the disaster of the same party fighting against differences." -The so-called "partisanship" means that party member is forbidden to be an official and party member is forbidden to associate with relatives and friends. If you don't obey, you will be arrested and imprisoned. It will be "the party's prison" rather than "the party's seclusion". The disaster of the party was the "college student uprising" in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, which was actually a fierce political struggle. Of course, throughout the ages, whenever students make trouble, although the truth is definitely on the students' side, such a "struggle" has never been successful. The reason is that undemocratic rulers hold the political power and the army and can crack down on repression at will. Throughout the ages, such "good plays" have been staged continuously. In the ninth year of Yan Xi (166) and the second year of Jianning (169), eunuchs twice raised the party supervisor to crack down on and suppress the literati who emphasized integrity, so as to curb public opinion. Many scholars and students from Taiwan Province were arrested and imprisoned, or fratricidal, or persecuted to death. Including Mars and Fan Pang, 100 more than party member died in prison, and another 600 people died, moved, abolished or banned. It was in the seventh year of Guanghe (184) that the Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out, and it was only then that party member was pardoned and used to suppress the Yellow Scarf Uprising. Among these upright scholars, there is a brave young man named Fan Pang. Faced with the crazy persecution of eunuchs, he died without hesitation and went to the execution ground himself. On this day, Su Shi's mother taught her son to read, which is a biography of Fan Pang in the later Han Dynasty. Here, instead of quoting Fan Pang's biography in full, I only quote his "generous death" passage, and add some comments appropriately: Chu, Gu and other departments (Ji surname) were imprisoned, and Shangshuhuo was responsible. Get free, go to the capital, wait without thanking. Or someone gave way to him and said, "Yesterday, my uncle offended the baby, but Qi Xi saved it. I didn't hear the words of thanks from the sheep's tongue, and Qi Lao had the color of self-criticism. " There is nothing to say. In the second year of Jianning, party member was severely punished and ordered an emergency arrest. Du arrived in the county, holding the imperial edict, closed the door, fell on the bed and wept bitterly. As soon as I heard it, I said, "It must be for me." Which means from prison. Guo Yi, the county magistrate, was frightened and released the seal, which led everyone to die. He said: "The world is big, what is the son here?" He said, "If you die, it will be a disaster. How dare you make your husband bear the guilt and make your mother homeless! " Its mother is with it. The white mother said, "Zhong Bo's filial piety is enough to raise him. Since Long Shujun returned to his grave, his life and death should be in his place. Only when adults cut off their unbearable grace will they not increase their feelings. " Mother said, "Now you are as famous as Li and Du. Why bother to hate if you die?"! With your name, can you have it both ways? " Kneel down to be taught and say goodbye. Gu said to his son, "I will make you do evil, but I can't do evil;" If you are good, then I am not evil. " You will cry when you smell it on the road. At the age of 33. Huo Qiao (x ū xu)-the word Shu Zhi, Ye (now Linzhang County, Hebei Province) was born. He used to be a servant of Shangshu (Ye Ye), and the official was Tingwei of Shaofu. When Fan Pang went to prison, he used the above form to defend himself. "Wait" sentence-visit, say hello and don't say thank you. Let-blame. The four sentences of "Uncle Xiang in the Past" are from "Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Twenty-one Years": Uncle Xiang was a doctor of the Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period, and his surname was Yang Tongue. Uncle Xiang was jailed in a party chaos because he was implicated by his younger brother. Qi (the word antelope, doctor of Jin State, date of birth and death unknown) asked someone to forgive him before the monarch and was released. Qi Xi "returned without seeing his uncle, and his uncle did not ask him to leave." Du Pre-note: "If you don't thank him, don't do it for yourself." Infant crime, conviction. Self-criticism and self-boasting. The viceroy is an official of the county magistrate, in charge of supervision, prison litigation, arrest and death penalty. The delivery room, the post station, is where officials used to stay and where those who delivered government documents rested. Yi (yi)-to. Take the lead-take the initiative to take responsibility. Death: escape. Zhong Bo Fan Pang's younger brother. Long Shujun-refers to Fan Xian, Fan Pang's father, who was the prime minister of Long Shuhou at that time and died. Longshu was the name of a marquis in the Han Dynasty. My Lord-Fan Pang's title of respect for his mother. Feeling sad-sentimental and sad. Li, DuLi, a native of Xiangcheng (present-day Henan) in Yingchuan, Eastern Han Dynasty, was the representative of Qingliu scholar-officials at that time. When he was Emperor Huan, he served as a captain of Stuart. When Emperor Ling was in power, he conspired with Chen Fan and others to punish eunuchs, but he was defeated and put to death. Du, born in Yangcheng, Yingchuan (now Dengfeng, Henan) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was named Zhou Fu. When Emperor Huan was an official, he was just as famous as Du Li. When he was a spiritual emperor, he was recruited by party affairs and committed suicide. Gu-looking back. Walking-People who walk are passers-by. In Su Xun's Letter to His Wife (Mrs. Cheng, Su Dongpo's mother), we know that Miss Cheng is a well-educated woman. This is really a rare wife and mother in the old educational concept of "women without talent are virtuous". She not only encouraged Su Xun to study hard, but also took charge of eating and drinking at home during her husband's "study tour" and taught her son in person, which was not easy in that historical environment at that time. Some people say that three of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties were born in his Su family and had a lot to do with this lady Cheng. Su Xun's family is undoubtedly a rich family, which can be seen from the size of the quadrangle in Meishan Su's former residence today. Su Xun's adolescence is not without learning conditions and environment. However, he is lazy and likes to go out to play with his friends in the same village instead of studying hard. Ding Mao (1027) was born in Tiansheng for five years, and Su Xun was nineteen years old. He married Cheng, who was 18 years old (Sima Guang's Epitaph of Mrs. Cheng: "Born in Sujia for eighteen years"). Ming Dow returned to Gui You in the second year (1033), and Su Xun began to study hard when he was twenty-five years old (see the first book of Shang Ouyang Connotation: "Lonely men and few women, twenty-five years old don't study." ). You Jing was two years old (1035), and Su Xun was 27 years old. Only then did he start to get angry and study hard (see Ouyang Xiu's Epitaph of Su Mingyun: "At the age of 27, I was so angry that I thanked the teenager, so I closed my door to study"). This is the origin of Saint Amethyst's phrase "at the age of 27, she began to get angry". Bingzi (1036) spent three years in seclusion, Su Xun was 28 years old, and Su Shi was born (Su Shi had two sisters, one was eight years older than him, and died shortly after birth; One year older than him, the legendary talented woman "Su Xiaomei", died at the age of eighteen; Another brother was two years older than him and died at the age of five. Yi You (1045) five years, Su Xun was thirty-seven years old and Su Shi was ten years old. Su Xun personally taught Su Shi composition. Su Xun made a plan to visit the capital east, and his mother, Mrs. Cheng, personally taught Su Shi's brothers to read. From this point of view, it seems that Su Shi and Su Zhe have always been taught by Su Xun himself, and Mrs. Cheng only temporarily became a "substitute teacher" because her husband went to Beijing to take the exam. Although Mrs. Cheng received a good education at home, it was impossible for women to "go to school" in those days, but they only knew some words under the influence of their parents. When her husband is away, she can shoulder the heavy responsibility of telling her children about the biography of Fan Pang in the later Han Dynasty. It is impossible for her to "speak" unless she is "proficient" in ancient Chinese and has several ancient people in her stomach. Talking about history is by no means "teaching literacy", but analyzing and summarizing historical events and putting forward one's own views. Otherwise, an example like Fan Pang, if she is a woman who is generally "good at pen and ink", is likely to educate her children not to mind their own business by preserving their sanity, but to concentrate on their successful career and promotion. In particular, the idea of "loyalty to the monarch" in those days was obviously a kind of personal superstition and cult. Anything "said by the emperor" can only be "understood and implemented". The children educated in this way must be famous "leftists", who have been promoted step by step all their lives. They are by no means "Rightists". They have been demoted many times and even have no source of livelihood. In my opinion, Su Shi's knowledge and talent and his parents' education are only one aspect, mainly relying on his own talent and efforts. Su Xun has two sons, both of whom are great scholars and one of the "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". This can only be said to be a historical accident. It is impossible to understand that Su Xun and his wife have special educational methods, and no matter how many children they have, they can all become talents. To engage in literature and art, we must first have talent and then work hard, both of which are indispensable. If there is a third place, it is the environment. A child with great musical talent will die if he doesn't have an environment to learn music, never seen a musical instrument and no teacher to teach him, just shouting in the wilderness. Su Xun should be a talented person. Before he was twenty-five, he didn't want to work hard, but liked hanging out with the young people in the village. On the one hand, he didn't work hard, on the other hand, his father didn't strictly supervise him. After marriage, under the urging of a good wife, he became diligent, which brought his talents into full play. If he has no talent at all and his head is like a knot in one's heart, Mrs. Cheng just hangs her hair on the beam and often stabs him with an awl. I don't think he can cultivate a "eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties"! Besides, what children say at home is nothing more than "open your mouth and come", and there is no need to think carefully. Su Shi became a celebrity only to remember the "brave words" he said when he was young. People who have not become celebrities, those "crazy words" he said when he was young, naturally no one mentioned them. There are even negative examples: I have a friend who was brutally tortured to death by the "revolutionaries" for resolutely defending the "Mao Zedong revolutionary line" during the "Cultural Revolution"; On the day of the memorial service, his 10-year-old son publicly said: "When I grow up, I will definitely inherit my father's legacy, resolutely defend Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, and fight all counter-revolutionaries who do not implement Chairman Mao's revolutionary line to the end!" Because he is an orphan of martyrs, the party and the government trained him to go to college and become a bureau-level leading cadre in the county. How was your performance? I have no evidence to prove that he is a corrupt official, but at least he is a "mediocre official": his political achievements are average, and the only thing he likes is "being invited to dinner". Every time he is invited, he will go even if he is not invited. Every time he eats, he gets drunk, boasting and even talking nonsense. It can be seen that even officials are not "educated" as long as they are well-born. In 1950s and 1960s, he denied the existence of "genius", criticized the theory of "genius" and vigorously "cultivated" "proletarian writers". The object of training, whether talented or not, emphasizes class background and can't produce works, so calling a famous writer to "tutor" is actually to help him write. Although these "cultured" writers have also published books and even sold them well, none of them are really successful. Among them, individual independent thinking should occupy a heavy proportion. After independent thinking, it is a very important factor that you can be unaffected by external forces. This is a question of whether you have the determination and can keep the party. Everyone knows that Wang Jingwei is not only a gifted scholar, but also a "stand firm" revolutionary. For the revolution, he once sacrificed his life to bomb the Regent. But who would have thought that he would suddenly lose his personality and become a big traitor? My mother is an illiterate rural woman. She is kind-hearted. She taught me from an early age to "cherish your own things, don't envy others' things" and "try your best to help others". But she is superstitious and worships Buddha. When I was seven or eight years old, my mother took me to the Chenghuang Temple to burn incense. In addition to arranging pig-headed geese, I also burned a lot of ingots folded with tin foil. I asked my mother why she wanted to burn silver ingots for Lord Chenghuang. My mother said it was to ask Lord Chenghuang to take care of me and let me grow up quickly. I asked again: what if I don't give him money for burning paper? Mother replied: Lord, God will not let you go. I immediately refuted: Lord Huang Cheng is a county magistrate in the underworld, and his duty is to protect the safety of the county people; If you only care about those who burn paper money for him, regardless of those who don't give him money, this is a corrupt official, not the Lord of the city god! When my mother heard this, she quickly put her hand over my mouth and raised her hand to hit me ... I grew up in a superstitious family, but I never believed in any ghosts and gods, including "idols". It can be seen that independent thinking is the first, and external influences, including education, can only be the second. By the way, although Su Shi's mother is virtuous, his uncle, that is, Mrs. Cheng's brother, is an uneducated gambler and an asshole. Mrs. Cheng married her little daughter to her brother's son, and he was tortured to death. This little girl is the legendary "Su Xiaomei". -The following is a special introduction. This proves that Mrs. Cheng's wisdom was not cultivated by Mr. Cheng. Otherwise, why not "train" our son better? Even if you can't reach the "virtuous founder", at least you won't let Su Xun feel saddened and write poems to scold him for a thousand years, will you?