Mossad, the full name of which is the Institute of Intelligence and Special Operations, was established by the Israeli military on 1948. It is also known as "the world's three major intelligence organizations" with the US Central Intelligence Agency and the Soviet Internal Affairs Committee (KGB). Since its establishment, Mossad has carried out many successful actions that shocked the world. Its success has become a legend in the history of world intelligence. For more than 50 years, Mossad has played an important role in five wars in the Middle East, in which little Israel has the upper hand. Its eyeliner is all over the other side's central high-level, knowing ourselves and knowing ourselves, and the Israel Defense Forces are even more powerful. In 1950s, it first got Khrushchev's secret report against Stalin, which shocked the whole world after being published by the United States. In 1960s, Mossad tracked across the border and brought Eichmann, a war criminal who slaughtered Jews in World War II, back to Israel for trial. 1966 stole the most advanced MIG -2 1 fighter from Iraq. Mossad also organized commandos to attack the airport in Entebbe, the capital of Uganda, and successfully rescued more than 100 hostages, only losing 1 person-Colonel Yoni, the first commandos captain, and the brother of current Prime Minister Netanyahu. In addition, Cohen, the intelligence master known as "sorge" in the west, is also an agent of Mossad.
KGB in the former Soviet Union
The KGB's terms of reference are roughly equivalent to those of the CIA and the FBI, and it is famous for its strength and intelligence, even surpassing the United States in some aspects. Klob was founded in 1954. This institution can be traced back to 19 17 and 12 when the Bolshevik government was first established, with dzerzhinsky as its first head. /kloc-In the 1930s of 0/9, the People's Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs led by Jagoda and Ye Ruofu became a tool of "great cleansing". During the Cold War, the KGB's function was too large, involving all domestic fields, overriding the party and government of the Soviet Union and becoming synonymous with red terror internationally. After the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union solved the problem, Russia inherited the mantle, but its strength was greatly weakened. After adjustment, he appeared as a new face and became active again.
Cheka's headquarters will be located at No.2 Howaya Street in Petrograd (St. Petersburg). 19 18, the Soviet government moved its capital to Moscow, and the headquarters of Cheka was also moved to 1 1 Lubyanka Square near the Moscow Kremlin in 1920.
Klob's main institutions are "Foreign Intelligence Bureau, Domestic Counter-Intelligence Bureau, Army Administration, Border Guard Administration, General Affairs Bureau, and Klob's overseas station group". At one time, there were more than 500,000 KGB personnel, 6.5438+00,000 headquarters, 200,000 spy, counter-intelligence and technical support departments, and 300,000 border guards. In addition, there are 1.5 million informers in China and 250,000 spies abroad, with an annual budget of 1.0 billion US dollars.
KGB has always been the Soviet Union's foreign intelligence work and anti-espionage work. The main department in charge of domestic security and frontier defense is a "super department" above all departments of the Party, government and army, and it is a detached institution that is only responsible for the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.
British intelligence agencies called the KGB "the largest spy agency in the history of the world to collect secret information".
British mi 6
MI6 Abbreviation MI6 = Military Intelligence 6 MI6 (British department responsible for overseas espionage)
Also known as the Secret Intelligence Agency, it was originally an overseas intelligence system of British intelligence agencies. 1939 reorganization, led by the Ministry of National Defense.
Mainly responsible for intelligence espionage activities abroad, such as infiltration into organizations of hostile countries for rebellion and recruitment. Headquartered in a 20-story building south of Westminster Bridge in London, it is called "Government Telecommunications Bureau" and is controlled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. MI6 and MI5 were established at the same time in 1909. The first director was Colonel Mansfield Cumming of the Royal Navy, and later expanded to the Secret Intelligence Agency. 1939 In September, World War II broke out, and MI6 experienced a series of unfortunate disasters in organization and action. 1939165438+10.9, two senior British intelligence officers, Major Henry Stevens and Captain Payne Best, were easily deceived and kidnapped by the SS. As a result, MI6 lost an important intelligence channel. At that time, intelligence gathering was mainly provided by foreign intelligence stations. After these materials were sent back to London, the headquarters staff classified and analyzed them and distributed them to all "users"-the armed forces. After the Fenlow incident, it encountered financial difficulties, and MI6 fell into a chaotic situation. 1940 in may, the german blitzkrieg forced Britain to close all its intelligence networks in Europe, leaving only a few neutral intelligence stations in mi6. After serving in 14, the second director of MI6, General Sinclair, died of cancer on19391.4, and was immediately succeeded by his deputy, Stewart Menzies. Faced with difficulties, menzies resolutely abandoned the traditional concept of spying on information, turned his attention to the government cipher school he had just taken over, and decided to rely on the cipher school to obtain information from intercepting and deciphering German telegrams. He really got his wish, and the "Ertra" (super secret) obtained by the decipherer of Blackley Manor made a great contribution to the final victory of Britain. After Churchill became prime minister, intelligence agencies received unprecedented attention. A large number of talented and dedicated young people, from universities, businesses and intellectuals in London, were called to join secret intelligence organizations. It is worth mentioning that after the outbreak of World War II, Britain released many criminals from prisons, such as skilled safe thieves, and asked them to serve the Allies. Most of them were allowed to join the commando team; A few people joined MI6, and their main tasks were making locks, sliding safes and blasting. This seems to be a last resort in wartime, because according to the breakthrough standard of British spy recruitment, the ideal spy is a young man from a superior society, with economic income and cheerful personality. His education must be slightly higher than the average person, handsome, brave, tenacious, calm and objective, just like James Bond on the screen. Therefore, British spy agencies have always attached importance to recruiting spies from Oxford and Cambridge, two world-famous universities. Since 1930, MI6 has had a place dedicated to sabotage and subversion. 1on July 22nd, 940, according to the order of Prime Minister Churchill, the newly established special operation was to take over D. The task of special operations was to carry out sabotage activities overseas. This special action was initiated by the British Secretary of State for Economic War, Dr Hugh Dalton. Soon, Sir Frank Nelson succeeded Dalton. 1942 in may, the special operations organization participated in the assassination of Reinhard heydrich, director of the ss security bureau. 1942 On May 27th, heydrich was assassinated in Czech Republic, which caused a hundred times of crazy revenge by German fascists. In Prague alone, more than 10000 people were arrested, and at least 1300 people were killed. The most brutal atrocities occurred in Lidice village, a small village near Prague, where the environment was quiet and beautiful. The red tile house in the village is surrounded by an ancient baroque church, just like a paradise. One night, the SS suddenly surrounded the village and all the villagers, men, women and children, gathered together. On the grounds that some villagers sheltered the assassins in the village, the SS shot all the men aged 65,438+06 to 70, sent all the women and children to the concentration camp by truck, and then burned down the houses in the village. The special action is indeed a commendable achievement. When the allied forces landed in Normandy, their agents successfully held off the elite German armored forces and delayed their arrival in the coastal areas.
Central Intelligence Agency (Chinese CIA, English CIA).
abstract
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is the largest intelligence agency in the United States (the spy and counterintelligence agency of the US government, and also the general coordinator of the huge intelligence system in the United States). Its main task is to openly and secretly collect and analyze information about foreign governments, companies and individuals in politics, culture, science and technology, coordinate the activities of other domestic intelligence agencies, and report this information to the work of various departments of the US government. It is also responsible for maintaining a large number of military equipment, which was used to overthrow foreign governments during the Cold War, such as the former Soviet Union, and rivals that threatened American interests, such as Abens in Guatemala and Allende in Chile. Headquartered in Langley, Virginia. Some people think that the CIA often carries out assassination activities to assassinate enemy leaders, such as Cuban President Castro, but there is not enough evidence to prove this. The status and functions of the Central Intelligence Agency are equivalent to those of Britain's MI 6 and Israel's Mossa. The work place and activities of the CIA are almost completely hidden, and outsiders are not allowed to visit and visit, which is different from the FBI.
history
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was originally established by President George Washington to deal with conflicts during the American Revolutionary War. At that time, it was called the strategic service bureau of American intelligence organization. After World War II, the organization was abolished. However, President Truman soon found himself caught in the "Wenshan" intelligence reports of various government departments, so he set up the National Intelligence Agency and its action agency, the Central Intelligence Group, to coordinate and check these intelligence reports. 1947, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) replaced the Central Intelligence Unit (CIA) and officially became an independent agency of the Executive Office of the President of the United States. Headquartered in Langley, Virginia, it has many offices and 20,000 employees in the Washington area, with an annual budget of $8 billion. Now, the CIA has become an important organization in the United States engaged in intelligence analysis, secret personnel intelligence collection and covert operations. The director of the Central Intelligence Agency is also the director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He is responsible for managing the activities of the entire American intelligence community. The bureau is divided into four main parts, each led by a deputy director, and consists of six offices, which are directly led by the director and the deputy director, namely the General Audit Office, the Director's Office, the Equal Employment Opportunity Office, the Personnel Director's Office and the Policy and Planning Director's Office. The four main components are: management office, action office, science and technology office and information office. The management office consists of communication, logistics, security, finance, medical care, personnel, training and education, data processing and other departments; The operation department consists of counter-intelligence, foreign intelligence, covert operations, central reporting section, evaluation, planning and design section, with 6,000 employees. The Intelligence Bureau consists of Management and Analysis Section, Arms Control Information Section, Needs Collection and Assessment Section, five regional offices and five functional offices, and an independent center; The Ministry of Science and Technology was founded in 1962, then called the Research Department.
Established in 1947. Headquartered in Langley, Virginia, it is the center of the global intelligence network. It not only has monitoring stations all over the world, but also has its own broadcasting facilities, aviation lines, space satellites, printing houses and bases for training special forces, and has a large number of spies, agents and intelligence technicians. On May 26th, 2006, the US Senate approved the decision of US President Bush on Air Force Admiral Michael, then the Deputy Director of the National Intelligence Agency, by 78 votes to 15. Hayden was nominated as director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
The Central Intelligence Agency is directly led by the National Security Council. He also served as a senior intelligence adviser to the President and Congress, and the current director is Michael? Hayden. The director is appointed by the president and approved by the Senate. He is the coordinator of American intelligence agencies. He is responsible for improving the work of the US Intelligence Committee and ensuring that the president can fully grasp the first-hand situation when making decisions. The main tasks of the Intelligence Bureau are: ① To collect foreign military, political, economic, cultural and scientific information in an open and secret way with the help of technical means, and coordinate the work of domestic intelligence agencies. (2) Analyze and evaluate information for the President and spy on other countries' information. Most information technology personnel are highly educated or experts in a certain field. The organization, personnel, funds and activities of this institution are strictly confidential, and even Congress cannot ask.