Speaking of Lao Wang, I have to talk about C Group and its informatization construction: C Group is a large R&D state-owned enterprise with decades of history, and its main business is high-end electronic components and overall electronic equipment. It can be said that the company's technical strength is relatively strong, and it has always been the industry leader in China. However, in the 1990s, especially after the 20th century, due to the untimely information construction and the lag in mastering and applying new technologies, the overall competitive strength and business level of the Group declined, and some market shares were seized by some small private factories. Some time ago, the group leaders went abroad for an inspection and they didn't know it. After investigation, it was found that the gap between them and their foreign counterparts was 5- 10 years in the early 1990s, but from the 1990s to today, the gap between them and their foreign counterparts has widened for at least 30 years, and their management level and technical level are far behind their foreign counterparts. The biggest touch of this visit to the leaders is that foreign colleagues have used information systems for cross-departmental and even cross-enterprise collaborative design and project management, but they are still in the stage of semi-automation or even manual management. The company's current information system foundation is very weak, although there are some professional software, but it is only a stand-alone version. As for management information system, there are no other management systems except simple financial management software, such as project management system and collaborative design system.
Therefore, the return of the leaders' inspection has also given the Group Information Center a very arduous task: within two years from now, it is required to initially establish the Group's information system and support the business and management to ensure that the management information and business information can be seen at the first time through the information system.
The release of this task also put a lot of pressure on Lao Wang. Although the group information center has been established for more than ten years, it still stays in the maintenance of computers. No one has ever been exposed to such a large-scale information construction, and I don't know if I can complete this arduous task.
In order to accomplish this task better, the group leaders specially invited a well-known IT consulting company in China, which lasted for three and a half months, and made a comprehensive management information consultation for the group, and also made clear the blueprint for information construction in the next few years. It can be said that this project has also helped Lao Wang a lot, making him understand the scope of information construction and future vision planning. However, it is impossible for consulting companies to help enterprises complete everything. This non-consulting project ended two weeks ago. Lao Wang's next task is to determine the future information construction strategy on the basis of the consultation results. The first step is to determine the software vendor. In order not to affect the whole scheduled progress, Lao Wang has to work overtime today. ...
Case study:
As can be seen from this case, C Group is a group company with a very weak information foundation. For such a large company, we must first determine several problems that must be considered in informatization construction, and then make clear the strategy of informatization construction.
First, several issues that should be considered in the process of enterprise information construction
1. Clarify Party A and Party B: Really straighten out the relationship between enterprises and software suppliers.
In the process of enterprise informatization construction, it is very important to straighten out the relationship between enterprises and software suppliers. Enterprise informatization construction cannot be completed independently by software suppliers. The "protagonist" of enterprise informatization is the enterprise itself, and the software supplier is only a "supporting role", so the software supplier should be placed in the position of consultation, consultant and concrete implementation. Only by rectifying the relationship can we cooperate better, concentrate the advantages of both sides and realize "professionals do professional things"
2. The game between advanced technology and use: correct the relationship between advanced technology and practical technology.
The leading and practicability of technology has been puzzling the choice of enterprise information construction. It is not advisable to simply pursue the advanced nature and practicality of technology. Enterprises should combine their own reality, emphasize practicality while pursuing advancement, choose software from the perspective of information integration of the whole enterprise, and pay attention to the integration and openness of the system.
3. Make full preparations for information construction: truly correct the relationship between technology, software, implementation, training and service.
Enterprise informatization construction is a systematic project. Enterprises should establish the overall planning of leading technology, keeping up with software, paying equal attention to training and service. At the same time, enterprises should establish services in the process of informatization construction, which requires enterprises to invest. Judging from the successful implementation cases, enterprises pay more attention to the final implementation effect while paying attention to the choice.
4. Clarify the guiding ideology of informatization construction: truly understand the specific significance of "overall planning, step-by-step implementation and interest-driven"
The master plan is the "entirety" of the system, the "master plan" of the information construction system and the "technical approach" to realize the whole system. Overall planning generally does not undertake specific project design, and it is an indispensable technical scheme in the whole system integration. In the specific implementation process, we should start with simple technology and develop rapidly to breadth and depth. On the basis of application, we will stimulate broader and deeper needs, and at the same time, through interest-driven, establish the confidence of enterprise information construction, reduce unnecessary risks caused by excessive one-time investment and excessive burden, and implement it step by step while keeping up with the forefront of information technology development.
5. Recognize the role of "leadership": truly understand that information construction is the "number one project"
Informatization construction is not only presided over by senior leaders of enterprises, but also includes the participation of the whole decision-making level. It is a collective leadership team composed of a senior leader of an enterprise and a generalized "top leader".
6. Unity of technology, management and data: truly understand the meaning of "three-point technology, seven-point management and twelve-point data"
Today's technology is enough to meet any practical needs. From the perspective of software function, the proportion of software itself in the process of enterprise information construction is getting smaller and smaller; The most important thing for enterprises to implement informatization is to ensure that the information system can support and stimulate business. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the management level and enrich the management means, which requires some more clear and standardized systems to restrain some management behaviors and ensure that the effectiveness of informatization can be truly implemented. At the same time, for enterprises, the most important thing is the actual operation of the business. The data contained in the actual business process and stored in the information system plays a vital role in the decision-making of enterprises. Therefore, how to manage data effectively is the primary problem that must be considered when the enterprise informatization construction reaches a certain stage.
Second, the basic strategies in the process of enterprise information construction
Enterprise informatization, as an important means and the only way to promote and realize enterprise system innovation, technological innovation and management innovation and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises, has been generally recognized by many enterprises in China, especially large enterprises, and has become their strategic choice. In the whole process of informatization construction, it is necessary to determine targeted strategies according to two different stages-informatization construction stage and information technology operation and maintenance stage.
1. Orientation strategy of informatization construction
Although enterprises with * * * characteristics in enterprise system, management mode, technology, industry attribute, development stage and operation scale can learn from each other in informatization construction, there are never exactly the same enterprises, so there is no enterprise informatization model that can be completely copied. Before planning and building informatization, the high-level decision-making institutions of enterprises should first make a comprehensive self-diagnosis and accurate positioning or even repositioning of enterprises from the aspects of business strategy, system, technology, management, corporate culture, human resources, industry environment and competitive position with the help of external third-party informatization consulting institutions, and then determine the key needs, principles, scope, stages, strength and depth of enterprise informatization construction, so as not to be divorced from their own characteristics, foundations and conditions.
2. Timing strategy of information construction
When to start the informatization construction of this enterprise, strategically speaking, of course, time waits for no one, but tactically speaking, not all enterprises are suitable to start the informatization project "now". Timing is related to the success or failure of the project. The pressure of competition, the rapid development of information technology, the relationship between supply chain and value chain and suppliers, and the rapid response to market changes and personalized needs of customers constitute the pull and motivation of informatization. However, the lack of preparation or insufficient preparation of enterprises in terms of system, management, concept, IT quality of personnel and capital budget will all become the resistance of informatization and delay the start of informatization. With the help of third-party consultants, enterprises should comprehensively and objectively analyze the ups and downs of these two factors, accumulate motivation, overcome resistance, and actively and systematically prepare the necessary conditions for informatization implementation, so as to determine the best time to start informatization construction.
3. Information system bidding selection strategy
Software vendors at home and abroad are often mixed. In order to ensure the correct selection, enterprises should, with the help and organization of third-party consulting organizations, prepare tenders according to the requirements of unified planning of enterprise informatization construction and the project contents of different stages and different application systems, and conduct extensive bidding for IT enterprises at home and abroad, which is the key to the success of the project.
The above are four strategic issues that enterprises need to pay attention to and solve in the preparation stage of informatization projects. Through the application of the four strategies at this stage, the enterprise has completed self-diagnosis, opportunity selection, staff training, type selection and bidding with the help of the third-party consultants introduced from outside, and formed preliminary work results such as project proposal, feasibility study report and master plan, which are suitable for the development needs of the enterprise and have certain uniqueness.
4. Informatization construction/implementation of supervision strategy
After the selection is completed, the suppliers and implementers enter the enterprise, and the informatization project enters the stage of implementation supervision. As an enterprise of Party A, as a supplier of Party B and/or its implementer (s), a third party is needed as a supervisor to communicate and coordinate the relationship between the two parties, so as to ensure that the project can be carried out smoothly according to the planned content and schedule requirements, and the design function can be fully realized as scheduled. In the supervision stage of project implementation, the supervisor shall comprehensively and fully supervise the progress, quality and investment of the project according to the relevant supervision laws and regulations, and provide the supervision report confirmed by both parties.
5. Informatization construction/implementation acceptance evaluation strategy
After the project is implemented, it will enter the stage of acceptance and evaluation. Due to the complexity of enterprise informatization project, without introducing a third party, Party A and Party B often have different opinions on whether the project can be completed, when it will be accepted, and what standard it will be accepted. According to the informatization planning, the contract signed by Party A and Party B, and a set of informatization project evaluation system recognized by all parties, the third-party consulting organization conducts a comprehensive acceptance evaluation of the project in a neutral position, forms an evaluation report and submits it to both parties for confirmation, which is very necessary and beneficial to ensure the success of the project and the interests of both parties.
6. Information maintenance expansion strategy
After acceptance and evaluation, the informatization project enters the stage of maintenance, management and expansion. For IT enterprises, project completion means that users pay the bill and leave by themselves. But for the user enterprise, the project is completed and everything has just begun. Because the completion of the system is just like the completion of the production line, application and production are the purpose. At this stage, enterprises and third-party consulting institutions can establish long-term strategic cooperation. Third-party consulting organizations can help enterprises to maintain, manage and upgrade after the completion of phased information projects, closely focus on the needs of upgrading and expanding user application systems, track and study the development trend of information technology and its applications, and continue to provide forward-looking, strategic and targeted services for user enterprises. At the same time, IT helps user enterprises to establish IT supplier credit record database and its mechanism, and respond quickly and provide follow-up services and support according to the needs of user system maintenance and expansion.