Survey site: Shishou Tianezhou National Nature Reserve.
Name: * *
Postal code: 434400
I. Overview
Swan Island is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Swan Island is the best preserved wetland in the downstream area after the Yangtze River leaves the Three Gorges, and it is also the newly announced 16 wetland in China.
The best-preserved wetlands on land cover a total area of 70 square kilometers. The cultivated land here is fertile, and the grass, trees and trees are lush.
The climate is warm and humid, the waters are vast, and the beaches are in pieces. It is a rare natural forage grass in the inland areas of China, and is known as "
Green treasure house, nature zoo and nature museum are attracting more and more attention from the world.
Two. Endemic species
In the process of practice, I went to Swan Island after the Chinese New Year and consulted the corresponding websites and documents.
I hope to have a deep understanding of endemic species. According to relevant data, there are 238 species of wild plants here.
There are 56 kinds of wild birds, including elk, baiji and finless porpoise, as well as swans, egrets, monkey-faced eagles, Chinese sturgeons and giant salamanders.
All kinds of rare and protected animals.
1. Elk. Elk, commonly known as "Four Elephants", is a unique deer in China and a wetland animal.
Habitat adaptation, and form a special form, the so-called "four unlike", horn like a deer, face like a horse,
The hoof is like an ox and the tail is like a donkey. /kloc-extinct in China in 0/900. Fortunately, a small amount exists in Europe, and finally only.
The rest 18 is kept in Wubang Temple in England. After a century of protection, the population has recovered. Return to 1985
Nanhaizi in Beijing is the origin of elk model specimens (discovered by French missionary David in 1865).
It is also the seat of Royal Hunt Garden in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The first batch of 38 milu deer returned from 1985 and were released in the south of Beijing.
Haizi's 1,000-acre deer park has gradually grown, with two batches coming from the south at the end of 1993, 10 and 1994.
Haizi's 64 elk moved to Swan Island and began to return to the embrace of nature. Due to the suitable environment, 10 years later.
In the wild, the number of elk in Swan Island has also increased from the initial 64 to more than 800, making it the largest wild elk in the world.
The number of deer.
2. baiji dolphin. White-fin dolphin is commonly known as white fin, white clip and hippo. It belongs to mammals, cetaceans and baiji. Its score
Cloth is limited to Hunan, Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu in the Yangtze River valley and below Shashi, Hubei. Among them, Shishou Swan Island is long.
Old rivers are the most distributed.
Baiji dolphin is a rare aquatic mammal endemic to China. It is a valuable material for studying cetacean evolution and biological evolution.
Materials. It has a developed brain and is an intelligent animal. It has special functions such as "echolocation" and sonar.
Function. Streamlined figure, rich subcutaneous fat and fast swimming, these structures are very important in bionics.
The scientific value of.
Baiji dolphin is spindle-shaped. The snout is extremely long and narrow, and the maxilla and mandible are almost the same length and slightly upturned. The body length is six times as long as the kiss.
. Body color: the back is bluish gray, the abdomen is white, and there are semicircular whites on both sides of the neck, behind the ear hole and above the flippers.
Wide lines, with two half-moon white wide lines on the tail side above the anus.
Baiji dolphins like to move in the mainstream areas of rivers far from the shore, and belong to hydrophobic dolphins. There is a habit of clustering in action, often three.
Five groups move in the middle of the river and occasionally enter the confluence of lakes, tributaries and the main stream of the Yangtze River. Baiji dolphins breathe with their lungs.
Surface for air every minute or two. When you take a breath, your head always comes out first and sometimes you spray water.
Water makes a sound when it breathes. The weather is sultry, and it will frequently surface and fall together in shanghai dawn.
The masses call it "Baiji dolphin worships the river".
Baiji dolphin is a carnivore with poor eyesight. It finds food through its own ultrasonic signal and then suddenly eats it.
. Their feeding habits are mainly fish, and they often feed in shallows, bifurcated streams and tributaries. It has a large appetite, which can be eaten in general.
10% ~ 12% of body weight.
The female is 6 years old and the male is 4 years old. The reproductive mating period is from April to June, and the pregnancy period is about 9 months to the following year.
In February 2008, she gave birth to a baby in Jiang Zhong. Female dolphins only give birth to 1 baby every year, each baby 1 baby, and occasionally give birth to twins. Feeding newborn dolphins
The mother dolphin's milk grows and moves with the group.
Great changes have taken place in the ecological environment of the Yangtze River after the completion of Gezhouba and Three Gorges Dam. The development of shipping industry, river
Road improvement, increase of motor vehicles, water pollution, siltation of rivers and lakes, use of harmful fishing gear and harmful fishing methods, etc. , are strict.
Threatening the racial continuation of baiji. According to the measured statistics, the resources of Yangtze baiji dolphin are insufficient 100, far lower than other dolphins.
National treasure panda. In order to prevent the baiji from extinction in nature, the state has listed it as a first-class protected animal and will breed it.
The old paths of Tianezhou River and Tongling River in Anhui Province have been designated as nature reserves to protect and breed Baiji dolphin resources and save endangered species.
Kindness
3. finless porpoise. Like baiji, the Yangtze finless porpoise, a national second-class aquatic rare protected animal, is also a unique species in the Yangtze River.
Mammals, due to the deterioration of the Yangtze River environment, the population of Yangtze finless porpoise decreased rapidly, with about 2,700 in 1992.
However, it is estimated that there is about 1000. In the early 1990s, Swan Island began to introduce three Yangtze finless porpoises for migration.
Land protection. Due to proper protection, the population of finless porpoise in Swan State has increased year by year in recent years, and larvae are born every year.
At present, a breeding population of 25 finless porpoises has been formed. It is planned to supplement 10 female finless porpoises before the end of this year, so that the old river course can be restored.
The number of dolphins increased and remained at 80- 100.
Experts from Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and staff of Tianezhou Nature Reserve were selected from 200 1.
The activities of Tianezhou finless porpoise population were monitored in real time by means of fixed-point observation on shore, mobile observation and floating observation on water.
Measure. And a harmless purse seine capture is carried out once a year, by taking blood samples and installing wireless beacons.
These dolphins received health examination, genetic analysis and underwater life monitoring. The results show that the Neijiang dolphins in the old channel of Swan Island gather together.
Group migration and activities, the cluster size varies from 2 to 20, generally divided into 9- 1 1 two subgroups, live
The dynamic range is relatively independent, and each subgroup is often divided into smaller core groups, of which 3 clusters are the most. this is
It provides an important basis for the health protection and management of finless porpoise breeding population in nature reserve.
Experts believe that the Yangtze finless porpoise in Swan Island is the first successful ex situ conservation example of whales in the world.
It has undoubtedly played an exemplary role in the protection of similar endangered animals.
Three. Problems and challenges
1. Protection Fund. 14 years ago, the ex-situ conservation plan for the giant panda baiji in the water was put forward, but due to the capital
Kim's nervousness has run aground. An official of the Ministry of Agriculture said, 1993, some experts proposed to suspend fishing at an international conference.
However, due to the large funding gap, the plan has not been implemented. Wang, a researcher at the Institute of Aquatic Sciences of China Academy of Sciences, said, 1000.
Ten thousand yuan is the financial threshold for catching dolphins in Xiajiang. Another expert at the meeting said that if you want to catch all the baiji, then
The required funds are100000 USD. Now in 2008, although the state allocated a lot of funds, it can protect Swan Island.
The shortage of funds is still an important bottleneck restricting the wildlife protection in Swan Island.
2. Ecological environment. Although the wetland environment of Swan Island is superior, it still follows the overall ecological environment of the Yangtze River.
Get down! Get down! For example, serious weir blockage and backwater, habitat destruction and river blockage in tributaries and along the Yangtze River,
Overfishing, crowded water traffic and the ensuing pollution, navigation and communication noise.
3. Man-made destruction. When I went to Swan Island Nature Reserve for investigation, I found that some travelers in the same trade ate leftover packaging.
Bags are littered everywhere and trampled on the lawn at will. What's more, some people get too close to the elk to see clearly.
Seriously disturbed the normal habitat of elk.
Four. Learning and enlightenment from it.
First of all, I found from this survey that the overall environment of our country is not optimistic. With the destruction of the ecological environment, Xu
Many species are endangered. I sincerely hope that the country and all walks of life attach great importance to our environment.
Spend more money on environmental protection, so that our future generations can happily see many ancient places in the wild, not in museums.
Old species.
Secondly, we live on this earth, and every species has its own right to exist. Humans are no better than animals.
No matter how superior an animal is, it needs its own living space, and human beings should not destroy and kill it because of their own selfish desires.
Killing.
At present, the national environment is in a downward trend. As an environmental student, I should study my professional knowledge well.
Knowledge, improve all aspects of knowledge, and make their own contribution to environmental protection in China.
February 23(rd), 2008