With the in-depth development of China's market economy, the competition in the traditional construction industry is becoming more and more fierce. Especially after China's entry into WTO, construction enterprises in developed countries such as Japan, South Korea, Europe and America have turned their attention to China, a huge construction market. According to the survey data of Japanese and Korean industries on China's construction market, China's current construction market ranks third in the world after the United States and Japan.
In September, 2004, the government of China issued laws and regulations to recognize the qualifications and achievements of foreign construction companies in the country, as well as the qualifications of their technicians. At present, many enterprises from Japanese, Korean, American and other countries have obtained the qualification to enter the construction market in China. The fierce competition between Chinese and foreign enterprises and foreign enterprises in China's construction market is gradually unfolding. Domestic construction enterprises must constantly improve their core competitiveness if they want to maintain their advantages in the fierce competitive environment. The combination of information construction and knowledge management is an effective way to improve the core competitiveness of enterprises.
Present situation of informatization in construction enterprises
External environment of informatization in construction enterprises. After nearly 20 years of development, China's informatization construction has made some progress. Professional fields include "China Engineering Construction and Construction Industry Information Network" of the Ministry of Construction, local management websites set up by provincial and municipal construction administrative departments, "information of china construction Network" Zhong Da consulting station and other professional fields, as well as administrative informationization of construction administrative departments at all levels, such as online qualification management system of the Construction Management Office of Beijing Municipal Construction Committee and bidding information release system. According to the requirements of the "Outline of National Construction Industry Informatization Development Plan 2003-2008" issued by the Ministry of Construction, by 2008, information resource databases such as building materials and equipment information database, engineering cost information database, construction method information database, new construction technology, new technology and new product information database will be established, and information systems such as comprehensive supervision of construction market and enterprise credit files will be established. In the field of public resources, such as industry and commerce, taxation and other departments in the national information "three gold" project platform to achieve annual inspection, tax declaration and other online office. The continuous improvement of the above information infrastructure and e-government construction in the construction industry will provide a better external environment for the informatization of construction enterprises.
Implementation of informatization in construction enterprises. At present, the informatization process of domestic construction enterprises is uneven. Some large enterprises have established their own websites or webpages, and can use computer technology to carry out various calculation operations and auxiliary management work, such as office automation system, bidding system, design calculation system, project management system, etc. , initially realized the enterprise information management. However, the informatization level of most construction enterprises is still low, a large part of their work still depends on manual work, the information basic platform is not perfect, and the application scope of professional software is narrow, mainly focusing on financial and budget software, and the stand-alone version is the main one, which fails to realize the * * * sharing and automatic transmission of information resources. There are also some enterprises that lack effective management measures for all kinds of waste and misconduct in engineering construction due to the chaotic management at the grass-roots level, which makes it difficult for professional software to play its role, resulting in the situation that "the software has no effect after being used" or "the software has been bought but not used". Some people, especially the leaders of enterprises, don't pay enough attention to informatization, or think it is informatization with computers and other software and hardware facilities. This misunderstanding is common in enterprises.
Information construction of construction enterprises
Basic measures of information construction. The first level of informatization construction is the establishment of information network platform and the implementation of office automation. The survey shows that two-thirds of the problems in traditional construction projects are related to information exchange; 10% to 33% of the cost increase of construction projects is related to information exchange; In large-scale engineering projects, engineering changes and errors caused by information exchange account for about 3% ~ 5% of the total project cost, which shows the importance of information exchange to enterprises. With the help of information network platform, information in enterprises can be shared and uploaded in time, making information circulation convenient and fast. At the same time, establish a network and communication system with corporate headquarters as the core to provide all-round information services for the project department. Through the application of enterprise instant messaging tools, such as MSN, it facilitates the timely communication between employees within the enterprise. By using the visual conference multimedia tool, the general manager can sit in his office and organize the conference. The video information is transmitted to the terminals of various project departments through broadband network, which not only records the conference process in detail, but also reviews the important information in the conference, which solves the problem of timely transmission and storage of enterprise construction project information in different places and realizes efficient network collaborative work. On the other hand, the establishment of the enterprise's online external window can complete the data transmission between the enterprise and industry and commerce, taxation, social security, owners, supervisors and subcontractors in time, which not only saves costs, but also improves the efficiency of the enterprise's external operation. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a relatively complete and dynamic information system security system that integrates intrusion prevention, virus prevention, transmission encryption, authentication and access control, including a relatively complete security system.
Establishment of management information system. The second level of informatization construction is the establishment of management information system. Management information system is an integrated system or an integrated system, and its information management starts from the overall situation, comprehensively considers and ensures that all functional departments enjoy data, reduces data redundancy and ensures data compatibility and consistency. Relying on management system to realize information collection, analysis, application and sharing, only centralized and unified, can it become an available resource for enterprises. Management information system is not only the application of computer, but also the support of subsystems composed of various management software. For example, a management information system with financial management, business plan, human resources and customer relationship management as its core; Integrated project management system with schedule control, estimation and cost control, procurement management and material control, quality control, overall cost/schedule monitoring, design management, procurement management, construction management, contract management, project financial management, project electronic document management system and project management information collaboration platform as the core; An integrated engineering design system that improves the level of scheme optimization and engineering design, and improves the interest and reusability of design information. Through the application of these softwares, the standardization and systematization of the whole enterprise-level and project-level management can be realized, and the competitiveness of construction enterprises in the market can be improved.
Knowledge management in information construction. The third level of informatization construction is the diffusion and innovation of knowledge and technology based on information technology. At present, enterprise informatization is not only the construction of information infrastructure and the application of information technology. In order to gain lasting competitiveness, enterprises must have the ability to transform the short-term competitive advantage brought by information into lasting competitive advantage, and must have the ability to capture the value of information. This ability comes from the deep development of enterprise informatization, that is, the knowledge of enterprises, and the diffusion and innovation of knowledge and technology resources based on information technology and knowledge management. Knowledge management is not simply collecting, sorting out and disseminating knowledge, but a process of creating value by using organizational intelligence or knowledge assets, which can be divided into the following aspects:
The first is the transparency of explicit knowledge. Generally speaking, enterprise knowledge can be divided into explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge includes various rules and regulations, workflow, basic knowledge related to business plan and project management, etc. Explicit knowledge can generally be sorted, archived and stored by computer. Using coding classification technology and information network, it is easy to be searched and consulted. Everyone in the enterprise can keep abreast of the latest knowledge changes in the enterprise, such as the revision of rules and regulations, the occurrence of important events in the enterprise, and the new theories and methods of engineering project management. For the new employees of the enterprise, they can quickly understand the rules and regulations of the enterprise through the network platform, get familiar with the environment quickly and integrate into the corporate culture.
The second is the sharing of tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge focuses on some methods and experiences accumulated by enterprises and employees at work, which are mainly stored in people's brains. The identification and sharing of tacit knowledge is a difficult point in knowledge management. In traditional construction enterprises, many inexperienced project managers still accumulate their own experience in the failure of practice, which not only brings losses to the project, but also hinders their development speed. In this regard, enterprises can make the knowledge accumulated in their work into documents or PPT through the communication between personnel, supplemented by regular training, and pass it on to other personnel through training. You can also use instant messaging tools such as MSN and chat rooms to communicate with employees of various project departments and company headquarters in time when encountering problems, so that employees can discuss these topics and work together to help find satisfactory solutions and avoid many losses caused by blind construction. At the same time, enterprises should pay attention to summarize valuable tacit knowledge in various ways in time, and compile it into a case base or process specification, so that tacit knowledge can be transformed into explicit knowledge for reference by companies and other project departments.
The third is the persistence of knowledge innovation. For such a fast-developing era, any competitive advantage relying on inherent technology and knowledge is short-lived. In order not to let the competitive advantage disappear with the depreciation of the original knowledge value, enterprises should have the ability to continuously innovate knowledge. Knowledge innovation is not only provided by knowledge management tools, but also depends on the creativity of employees and people with innovative spirit. Therefore, the key to knowledge innovation lies in stimulating the creativity of enterprises, integrating the spirit of innovation into corporate culture, and making employees regard innovation as the pursuit of Excellence in their work, which is also the core source of building competitive advantages of enterprises. To achieve the goal of motivating employees, there must be a corresponding reward and punishment mechanism. Enterprises can evaluate employees' innovation through some easily quantifiable indicators, such as the number and quality of solutions provided by employees to other employees' problems in the system platform, the number of reasonable suggestions for the construction of knowledge sharing platform, and the successful cases of applying new theories and tools to practice. And combined with the corresponding incentive measures, enhance the enthusiasm of employees to help each other and exchange knowledge and experience in their work, enhance their desire for knowledge innovation, make the enterprise develop in the direction of learning organization, and finally gain lasting competitive advantage.
Because the construction industry belongs to the traditional industry and is deeply influenced by the original working methods, the decision makers of some enterprises have not yet deeply understood the importance and role of information technology and advanced management mode. On the surface, it seems that the reason for the slow progress of informatization is the low level of computer application, low quality of employees and irregular enterprise management, but in fact, the deepest reason is that the management concept of enterprise decision makers has not changed and there is no sense of crisis. Informatization is a relatively new thing, and it will inevitably take some detours in its construction process. Obtaining the recognition and full support of enterprise decision makers is a key step for the success of information construction. At the same time, in the practice of enterprise informatization, there are still cases that attach importance to hardware and neglect software construction, attach importance to technical facilities and neglect the organization and development of information sources, and neglect the transformation of traditional industries and the promotion of knowledge innovation with modern information technology. It can be seen that many people's understanding of informatization still stays at a relatively simple level. To give full play to the role of informatization construction, enterprises must realize the significance of knowledge diffusion and innovation based on information technology, realize the importance of knowledge management, and take corresponding management measures to improve the core competitiveness of enterprises and maintain their competitive advantage through informatization.
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