Therefore, in the teaching activities of ideological and political courses, we teachers should pay special attention to stimulating and cultivating students' intrinsic motivation, at the same time, we should also make good use of their external learning motivation, be good at guiding them to combine external motivation with internal motivation, gradually promote the transformation of learning motivation and stimulate their internal learning motivation, so as to achieve the teaching purpose of mastering knowledge, cultivating ability, edifying sentiment and improving consciousness.
1. Positive education stimulates the intrinsic motivation of learning.
Because the influence of internal motivation on students' learning is more direct, frequent, lasting and positive, students should try their best to understand that learning motivation can be transformed into each other. Educational practice also proves that in order to improve learning enthusiasm, we must transform external motivation into internal motivation, make students interested in learning, and strive to constantly explore the mysteries of things. The key to this change is to make students regard learning as a conscious demand and enrich their positive emotional experience of learning. In this process, we should pay attention to:
1. Let students know the significance of political lessons to their own growth.
Teachers of ideological and political courses should be good at starting from the reality of students, and at the beginning of each semester, each book and each class, they should be as vivid and specific as possible, and pay attention to helping students turn these into their own learning goals. For some teaching content, students may not understand its importance to their own development for a while. At this time, political teachers should try their best to tap its influence on students' growth, and at the same time pay attention to citing vivid examples to prove it, so that students can feel the "vision" of the course more vividly and stimulate their interest. Interest is people's cognitive tendency to actively explore something, and it is also one of the manifestations of learning motivation. When high school students are interested in the upcoming political lesson, they can actively explore and learn when they pay attention in the learning process, and they can be accompanied by pleasant and positive emotional experiences, thus generating lasting willpower and keeping their knowledge, emotions, intentions and actions in a positive state.
2. Increase students' psychological experience of success.
Emphasize the value of learning to individuals, and let students realize that learning is a kind of enjoyment, not a burden. Confucius, a great educator in ancient China, said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." Political teaching should try to increase students' happy psychological experience, not just publicize the hardships of learning, otherwise psychological fatigue will make students feel tired of learning. Because of the comprehensive and abstract characteristics of ideological and political course, the teaching process is difficult to control, which makes students feel tired and bored more easily. Therefore, in political teaching, we should provide students with opportunities for success as much as possible, let them try the joy of success and improve their enthusiasm for learning. Therefore, in classroom teaching, teachers should try to design a variety of questions so that students at different levels can answer them; In the form of teaching, we should use various forms such as collective teaching and group discussion, self-study and counseling, data collection and subject research; In the arrangement of activities, we will carry out a variety of activities such as press conferences on current affairs, classroom debates, social surveys, role simulations, etc., so that each student's talents can be displayed and brought into play, each student can find his own bright spot, and each student can establish self-confidence in learning and improve his interest in learning.
3. Help students set clear and appropriate learning goals.
A clear and appropriate learning purpose is a necessary condition for forming and improving learning motivation. Gorky said: "Great power comes from great purpose." "Clear goal" means that the goal should be specific and "appropriate goal" means that the difficulty should be appropriate. Such target students know how to do it, and they can easily be strengthened within their power. The goal of appropriate difficulty in teaching can stimulate intellectual development. Stimulation is the nutrition of brain development. New stimuli produce disharmony and conflict in students' brains, which can increase students' intellectual load and drive students to use their brains, thus stimulating students' interest in learning. Teaching practice shows that it is too difficult or too easy for students to learn knowledge, which is not conducive to stimulating learning motivation. Too easy knowledge will make students feel boring, and too difficult knowledge will also stimulate their interest in learning. Therefore, political teachers should be good at improving the difficulty of teaching content on the basis of students' original knowledge, tapping students' "potential level" and making students feel "jumping" when picking fruits, which is both difficult and interesting. In the specific teaching organization, students should be allowed to think independently, otherwise they will be tasteless and indigestion.
4. Guide students to study law.
The way students study ideological and political courses also affects their intrinsic motivation. An important reason why some students are not interested in political lessons is that they have no correct learning methods. Because of unscientific learning methods, although it took a lot of time and energy, the learning effect was not ideal, so I lost interest in ideological and political lessons. Therefore, it is necessary for political teachers to guide students to study law.
Due to the popularity of social information media, especially the Internet, and the changes in social structure and political and economic environment, they are more active and quick-thinking, and dare to put forward their own views on many problems existing in real life. However, due to their young age and lack of social life experience, their understanding of Marxism-Leninism has great limitations. Therefore, according to the content and characteristics of textbooks of different grades, students should be given different learning methods to guide. Starting from the characteristics and actual level of students of different grades, help senior one students realize the transition from adolescence to early youth as soon as possible and improve their learning consciousness; In learning methods, we should change from the original mechanical memory to understanding memory, and pay attention to the internal logic of knowledge; In the learning content, we should pay attention to integrating theory with practice and teach students to explain the ever-changing economic and political phenomena with the theories in the teaching materials; In the form of teaching, we should guide students out of the classroom, investigate and visit local governments, banks and enterprises, simulate hearings, and invite government officials to give lectures at schools. For senior two students, the key point is to improve their interest in learning cultural life and philosophical life. Through the use of examples, illustrations and other image materials in teaching materials, the use of real cases that happened to students themselves or around them, the use of case guidance, inspiration and explanation, etc. You can integrate theory into examples, stimulate students' interest, and teach them to appreciate culture and be human. For senior three (liberal arts) students, the college entrance examination is just around the corner, and politics is a compulsory subject. No matter what the motivation, they are all studying, and "learning anxiety" is a common phenomenon. Therefore, while giving students the necessary guidance on learning methods, we should try our best to dilute the test scores and help students reduce their psychological pressure. It's best not to have a countdown to the college entrance examination, so that students can study and study easily and happily.
Second, improve their own quality, create a good image, and influence students' intrinsic motivation.
1. Political teachers should have advanced teaching concepts.
As an ideological and political teacher, we must establish a new "student view". We should fundamentally realize that in the whole teaching process, students are equal cooperative members with teachers and the main body of learning. Teachers must respect and trust students. Establish a new "teaching view". Teaching should be open, and the focus of teaching is not only the result itself, but also the process of students' learning. Students' learning should be a process of replaying the exploration and formation of human social knowledge under the guidance of teachers (of course, this process is consciously arranged by teachers and is "centralized"). Establish a new "motivation view". We should not take improving the results of college entrance examination as the only motivation to learn political lessons, but should base ourselves on cultivating students' practical ability, innovative consciousness and cooperative spirit.
2. Improve their own quality in an all-round way
The role of teachers in cultivating students' good learning motivation can not be ignored. Teachers are "engineers of the human soul". As a teacher who trains future talents, his knowledge structure and moral standards have become the focus of more and more attention. However, in real life, some political teachers are regarded by students as synonymous with "unlearned" and reduced to "Marxist-Leninist old ladies" who know nothing about a lot of theories. No matter what the original intention of this sentence is, at least we should see that many political teachers' knowledge is seriously aging and narrow. We must not be satisfied with the status quo, but should keep up with the rapid development of the information age and improve our own quality in an all-round way. The qualities of political teachers include political quality, cultural quality and personality quality. In other words, a political teacher with a good image should have a high degree of political consciousness, a firm political stance, a correct political direction, observe and deal with problems from the standpoint of the broad masses of the people, have a deep foundation in Marxist theory and rich knowledge of natural science and social science related to it, and be able to answer many comprehensive questions. Political teachers should have distinct personality charm, be open and aboveboard, be fair to others and be helpful. In addition, political teachers should constantly expand their knowledge, learn modern teaching methods, and consciously and actively learn knowledge such as pedagogy and psychological theory.
3. Create a good teacher image
An excellent teacher will have a positive impact on many students' lives. Students not only imitate the teacher's learning methods, but also imitate the teacher's ideals and qualities, and follow the teacher's thinking mode. This imitation is voluntary, and the resulting learning motivation generally has positive value. A teacher has a good image in the eyes of students, and students often like the subject taught by this teacher, so learning this subject is more effective. That's what the so-called "being a teacher and believing in it" means.
A good teacher-student relationship must be maintained by deep feelings between teachers and students. Teachers' care for students and students' admiration and love for teachers are the source of feelings between teachers and students and the basis of harmonious teacher-student relationship. The relationship between Mr Cai and his students is very harmonious. He loves students, teaches them to sing and dance, mingles with them, cares about the disadvantaged students and "fights against injustice" for the students who are treated unfairly. No wonder students dream of him and will still miss him decades later. Inspired by teachers' personality charm, once a harmonious relationship between teachers and students is established, it is easy to promote the improvement of teaching efficiency. Pro-teacher, enjoy teaching. Mr. Hamel's patriotism touched little Francis. He listened carefully and thought, "It's strange that I can understand everything when I listen to the lecture today. What he said seems easy, easy. " Inspired by Sullivan's love, Helen, who was deaf and blind, finally understood the abstract "love" and broke through the bottleneck of understanding from concrete to abstract.
Third, reform teaching to stimulate students' interest and improve their internal motivation.
High school students are in the golden age of seeking knowledge, and they have strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge subjectively. Stimulating their curiosity through classroom teaching reform is an effective way to improve their internal motivation level.
1. Improve classroom teaching and stimulate students' interest in learning.
Einstein said, "The best teacher is interest." Bruner, an American psychologist, said: "The best motivation for learning is interest in your subject." Interest in learning is the most active and realistic component of learning motivation. Zankov, an educator, believes that once teaching touches the field of emotional will and students' spiritual needs, it can play a high-quality and effective role. It can be seen that interest is the internal driving force for the success of ideological and political study. Where there is no interest, there is no wisdom and inspiration. This requires teachers to do in class: change the process of imparting knowledge into the process of discovering knowledge; Change the teacher's example process into the process of students collecting materials and learning independently; Change the simple learning process into the process of combining learning with application; We should attach importance to the learning process and learning experience and give full play to students' main role. Specific practice: (1) adopt interactive learning questions. Asking questions is the main manifestation of curiosity and thirst for knowledge. The scope of teachers' questions should not be limited to retelling the contents required by textbooks, but should intentionally stimulate students' exploration spirit. It is best to lead to multiple answers and make students think for a long time. Teachers should not shy away from students' questions, nor should they make judgments and conclusions prematurely. (2) Encourage bold questioning. Youth is an era of questioning, seeking and discovering. Students are sensitive to new things, and teachers should protect this sensitivity, be good at "solving doubts" (inspiring students to find doubts), help students "solve doubts" scientifically, and stimulate students' thirst for knowledge in this process of "solving doubts" and "solving doubts" constantly. (3) Create more conditions for students to perform. It is students' nature to love acting. They always hope that the teacher will give them the opportunity to perform, let them show themselves, show their talents and get high marks. Teachers can choose the content with strong stories and interesting plots in the textbook, so that students can "be a little actor and perform in person", which can achieve unexpected results. For example, when I was teaching the Essence of Money, I adopted the way of performance to introduce new lessons. The specific process is as follows: Let three students play the three roles (scholar, daughter-in-law, boss) in One Blind, and then ask after the performance: Why can a handsome daughter-in-law take things away gracefully? Why are nerds so embarrassing? This leads to the knowledge point to be learned in this class-money. Handsome daughter-in-law buys perfume with money, and bookworms don't buy books with money, which belongs to stealing books.
2. Deal with teaching materials in a quiet and dynamic way.
Although the current ideological and political course in senior high school has been adjusted and revised several times, its readability and times have been greatly enhanced, the teaching materials are relatively stable after all, and it is impossible to keep up with the ever-changing social reality, which means that political teaching materials are inevitably lagging behind. This puts forward higher requirements for political teachers: as political teachers, they should not only understand students and textbooks, but also understand society; We should not only have the ability to control teaching materials, but also have the sensitivity to capture information and the ability to handle teaching materials. Only in this way can teachers truly implement the principle of integrating theory with practice in teaching, properly handle the content or structure of teaching materials in combination with social hotspots, and make the teaching content closer to reality and students. Only in this way can we overcome the limitations of textbooks, attract students from the teaching content and make them interested in political lessons.
For example, when studying "Determinants of International Relations: National Interests", in order to introduce students into a situation of in-depth inquiry at the beginning of the class, the author created the following problem situations: (1) playing a video of the conflict between Russia and Georgia, and China, president and Hu Jintao's speeches on this issue at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit. (2) Students' representatives show the relevant information collected. (3) Student role-playing, in which the Russian President, the Georgian President and the American President ... express their views on the conflict between Russia and Georgia. After that, the teacher said emotionally: Peace and development are the themes of today's times, but the world today is not peaceful, and the factors that threaten peace still exist, and regional conflicts are one of them. Combined with the preview, do you have any questions about the conflict between Russia and Georgia that you can discuss with your classmates and teachers? The reason why students' enthusiasm for participating in the whole class is improved is precisely because of the strategy of "building a ladder to help answer questions and interspersed with cooperative discussions", which enables students to move towards the learning process of asking questions and solving problems in the cooperation between teachers and students.
3. Use modern audio-visual media.
Audio-visual media mainly refers to the advanced means and methods used in teaching, including modern equipment such as slide show, projection, recording, video recording, television, computer and network, as well as various specific teaching methods such as lectures, demonstrations and discussions using these equipment. The wide application of information technology in teaching is the progress of modern teaching methods. The use of audio-visual media can mobilize students' visual senses, broaden the channels of information transmission, and fully mobilize students' multi-sensory participation in learning. Studies have proved that the rate of people acquiring knowledge through various senses is: visual 83%, auditory 1 1%, and other 6%; Audio-visual combination can almost obtain the best knowledge retention rate. It can be seen that the application of audio-visual teaching can fully mobilize students' multi-sensory participation and play an important role in strengthening memory and improving teaching efficiency. The application of audio-visual media can also visualize abstract content, activate static content, simplify complex content, overcome many disadvantages such as the relative lag of existing teaching materials and the theory can't keep up with the situation, and enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of ideological and political education. The intuition and operability of audio-visual media can not only increase the teaching capacity, but also make use of the organic combination of sound, picture, light and color in its auxiliary teaching to vividly, intuitively and vividly show the teaching content and create an immersive learning situation for students. Using these characteristics, combining with the content of teaching materials, or stimulating students' senses with bright pictures, or mobilizing students' interest with interesting situations, or showing the contradiction between old and new knowledge with intuitive demonstrations, will help to mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and initiative, stimulate students' desire to explore and intrinsic motivation, and pave the way for students to acquire new knowledge psychologically. Therefore, using modern audio-visual media to teach political lessons is an effective way to stimulate students' learning motivation.