(1) There is no consensus on the definition, scope of work and appellation of supervision: the definition and scope of work of supervision have been debated for many years, and the appellations are varied, reflecting people's different views on this issue. It should be said that supervision is a new thing, and controversy is a normal phenomenon. At the beginning of the implementation of the supervision system, the impact of this problem on the development of the industry is not very obvious. However, the development of supervision industry has reached a critical moment. While the supervision has made great achievements, there is also a question of what direction to develop in the future. The definition, scope and title of supervision are increasingly prominent. If the argument continues, it will cause people's ideological confusion, hinder the unity of understanding, make people shake the necessity of implementing the whole process and all-round supervision, and greatly hinder the development pace of the supervision industry.
(2) The industry attribute of supervision is not clear: at present, the supervision team in China has begun to take shape, with more than 7,000 supervision enterprises and more than 200,000 employees, forming an industry with considerable social influence. However, supervision has not been listed in China's national economic industry directory so far. As far as economic industry is concerned, supervision industry is not an independent economic industry, but still belongs to a branch of engineering consulting industry, which also leads to the controversy on how to coordinate the relationship between construction supervision and engineering consulting. In fact, supervision and engineering consulting in China are quite different in terms of work content, working methods and responsibilities. Therefore, it is really necessary to list supervision as an independent economic industry in China's national economy through demonstration, so that the supervision industry can truly become an independent industry and build a good social platform for its further development.
(3) vague understanding of international practices and China characteristics: the implementation of construction supervision system in China is the need of reform and opening up, and it is also the inevitable result of a thorough reflection on the disadvantages of planned economy in the past few decades. We can't simply say that the implementation of supervision system is to connect with international practice. There are various construction management systems in the world. Even in countries with very developed economies, due to their own specific conditions, the mode of construction management is not completely unified, and we cannot stick to certain practices of a certain country or some countries. The mechanism should be in line with international practice, and the model should retain its own characteristics. However, due to the lack of systematic scientific summary. People's understanding of international practices and China characteristics is very vague, and they are not clear about what international practices and China characteristics are, which has caused a lot of confusion in practice.
2. A fair market competition mechanism has not yet been formed.
(1) The market subject and content of providing supervision services are single: at present, the providers of supervision services in China are mainly confined to domestic supervision enterprises, and other technical groups cannot participate in the supervision industry and form effective competition from the professional level. It is difficult to reflect the difference in service level between market participants participating in the same project, and the level of supervision service and technical strength have not really become the core of competition. In terms of the content of supervision service, it is mainly limited to the construction stage. The increasingly detailed industry management mode makes the comprehensive service of supervision enterprises unable to play, objectively makes the supervision units lose the conditions for their own development and improvement, which is not conducive to cultivating and bringing up high-quality supervision talents with comprehensive knowledge and strong coordination ability.
(2) The supply-demand mechanism and price mechanism have not yet been formed: the balance between supply and demand is the basis for the stable development of the market economy and must be achieved through fair competition in the market. At the initial stage of the implementation of supervision system in China, because supervision is a new thing with low social recognition, it is very necessary and effective to carry out the rapid development of supervision through the government. But the disadvantage is that the supply and demand mechanism is distorted and does not play the role of market regulation. Because the market supply and demand have not reached the real balance, the problem of supervision fee has been puzzling the supervision industry, which has indeed restricted the improvement of supervision level to a certain extent.
(3) supervision bidding failed to fully embody the principle of fairness: supervision is a professional service, and the owner has a certain dependence on the service of the supervision engineer. Undoubtedly, the trust and support of the owner to the supervision engineer is the basis of good cooperation between the two parties, and this trust and support can only be obtained after a certain period of cooperation. Because of this, international supervision services are often obtained through entrustment. It should be pointed out that compared with the process of engineering construction, the bidding process is very short, and it is difficult to establish the trust relationship between the owner and the supervisor in the bidding process. Of course, as far as China's current situation is concerned, the purpose of bidding is mainly to reflect fairness, but at present, the method of evaluation and calibration of supervision is still far from perfect, and it is difficult for the owners' wishes to be treated fairly. Therefore, supervision bidding is unfair to the owners, but only fair to the bidders in form. For the winning bidder, it takes quite a while to establish a trust relationship with the owner, which increases the difficulty of the work.
(4) Low degree of market opening: This is a prominent problem in China supervision market and even the whole construction market. Government intervention is very common between the central and local governments and between regions and industries. The domestic market is basically closed, which is far from the requirements of market economy. The construction administrative departments in some regions and departments often only pay attention to protecting the local interests of their own regions and departments. It must be admitted that protecting and supporting the interests of enterprises in this region and this sector has a considerable social and ideological foundation, which seems to be beneficial in a short time and locally, but in the long run, it restricts the participation of market competitors, affects the play of market mechanisms, hinders the improvement of supervision level, and makes it impossible to form a real market mechanism for a long time.
3 industry management can not meet the requirements of the market economy
(1) The functions of the government have not been straightened out, and the transparency of the work is insufficient. A major feature of China's construction management is that the construction process of the project is divided into several different stages and managed by different functional departments (such as planning, land, construction, etc.). ), and some are managed by different functional departments according to the different nature of the project (such as water conservancy and railway). ), from planning, project establishment to construction. From the qualification identification of enterprises to the training and registration of employees, the government is in charge, and the functions of different management departments overlap, which leads to the waste of social resources and inefficiency, which is not conducive to the unification of policy formulation and industry management; On the other hand, in policy formulation and implementation, there are widespread problems such as low transparency, black-box operation and poor awareness of enterprise service.
(2) The function orientation of trade associations is inaccurate and their functions are limited; Many local trade associations are similar to a subsidiary of the competent government department, with unclear functions and low quality, and cannot independently form an industry development management organization, which is inconsistent with the operating mechanism of international professional associations. The members of trade associations in China are often mainly units, and the representatives of units are often managers. Association cannot be the organization of supervision engineer itself, and it is difficult to attract truly high-level professionals to participate, which limits the talent base. In addition, the work of many associations is government-owned in content and manner, which can't really safeguard the rights and interests of members and damage the reputation of associations to some extent.
(3) The laws, regulations and policies are not yet matched: the market economy is a legal economy, and a complete, matched and operable system of laws and regulations is increasingly showing its importance. It should be said that after more than ten years' efforts, China has made considerable achievements in the construction of regulatory system, and a regulatory system with China characteristics has basically taken shape. However, it is unavoidable that there are many problems in the legislative thinking and quality of these laws and regulations. Different laws and regulations have contradictory explanations on the same issue, and some immature contents have formed legal provisions. In addition, there are many problems in the scope of responsibility and responsibility determination of supervision engineers, such as being too arbitrary, not obeying the law, and lax enforcement.
(4) Market access conditions are still not comprehensive: At present, China's "Building Law" and related laws and regulations have stipulated corresponding access requirements for supervision, but the access focus is mainly on enterprises, such as enterprise funds and venues. Of course, it includes the requirements for the qualification of supervision engineers, but it is mainly aimed at the lack of access and mobility of domestic personnel, foreign supervision enterprises and professionals. With China's entry into WTO, foreign professionals pay more and more attention to the China market, and many foreign professionals hope to enter the professional service market in China. It should be noted that foreign supervision enterprises entering China should not be regarded as famous brand enterprises at random, and all foreign professionals should not be regarded as natural experts. In this regard, there is still a lack of relevant policies and regulations.
(5) The supervision engineer registration management system is not perfect: at present, the registration management system in China does not allow registration in the name of individuals, and supervision engineers must work in supervision units to register, which is reasonable in a sense, but ignores the particularity of supervision services. Supervision units need talents in construction, structure and cost. However, according to the current registration management system, these people cannot be registered in the supervision unit. Obviously, this objectively limits the talent source of supervision units, which is not conducive to the improvement of the overall level of supervision units and the cultivation of high-level comprehensive talents.
The modern enterprise system is far from being established.
(1) No distinction between government and enterprise, unclear property rights: It should be said that due to the short implementation time of the supervision system, small scale of supervision enterprises and less historical burdens, supervision enterprises have more advantages in establishing modern enterprise mechanisms. However, the problem of enterprise mechanism in the planned economy era has also been puzzling the supervision enterprises. There are still many cases where government and enterprises are not divided and property rights are unclear. Starting from short-term and local interests, such enterprises often develop rapidly. However, due to unclear property rights, the incentive mechanism and restraint mechanism within the enterprise cannot be fully exerted, and the long-term development of the enterprise is inherently insufficient, which is not conducive to the real socialization and specialization of supervision services.
(2) A single enterprise model can't meet the diversity of market demand: under the condition of market economy, due to the diversification of investors, the market demand is also diversified, and the organizational model of different enterprises can adapt to different market demands, so it should not be required to change to a specific enterprise model; Under the premise of separating government from enterprises and clear property rights, enterprises should choose an organization model suitable for their own conditions according to market demand.
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