Introduction of works
Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge was chosen as one of the 300 Tang poems. There are few works handed down by Zhang Ji, and all Tang poems are included in one volume. However, there is only one poem, a night-mooring near maple bridge, whose name will last forever. Since the publication of Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge, Hanshan Temple has become a world-famous and eternal tourist attraction, and even a household name in Japan. Zhang Ji's Night Sleeping by the Maple Bridge is not only included in various anthologies and anthologies of Tang poetry in China, but also included in Japanese primary school textbooks, which shows the name of the poem.
A night-mooring near maple bridge is well thought out. In just four poems, six scenes are included, and a quiet and distant artistic conception is constructed in the most poetic language: fishing fires are lit on autumn nights by the river, and travelers are trapped in quiet nights. The selection of all scenery is unique: one is static and one is dynamic, one is bright and the other is dark. The collocation of scenery and the artistic conception of characters have reached a high degree of tacit understanding and blending, and * * * has formed this artistic realm that has become a model for later generations. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry in the answer.
original text
A night berth near Fengqiao.
Author: Zhang Ji
Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river.
In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
To annotate ...
Jiang Feng: Generally speaking, it means maple trees by the river. Others think that "Jiangfeng" refers to the names of two bridges next to Hanshan Temple, namely Jiangcun Bridge and Qiao Feng Bridge.
Fishing fire: a lamp on a fishing boat.
Gusu: Another name for Suzhou.
Hanshan Temple: In Xifeng Town, Suzhou City today. Legend has it that it was named after Hanshan, a monk in the Tang Dynasty. The real name is Miaoliping Pagoda, also known as Qiao Feng Temple. Or "Hanshan" refers to Hanshan, not the name of the temple. Can be prepared.
Midnight bell: At that time, the monk temple had the habit of ringing the bell at midnight, which was also called "impermanence bell". Ceng Yun in Ouyang Xiu's Poem on June 1st said: "Poets are greedy for good sentences, but they are unreasonable and their words are sick." For example, in the Tang Dynasty, there was a saying,' Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City knocks on passenger ships at midnight', which is better said by people. For example, midnight is not the time to ring the bell. "Geng Xi Shi Hua" demonstrates here: "However, I used to be an official in Gusu, and every three drums were exhausted. From the beginning of the fourth drum, the bells of all temples rang. I think it has existed since the Tang Dynasty. After observing Gu Yu's poems, he said, "Be sure to know your friends at home and listen to the midnight bell of Goushan in the distance." Bai Letian said, "Under the new autumn pine, after midnight." Wen Tingyun said:' Looking back at the leisure list frequently, there is no midnight clock in the window.' So the elder said, not just Zhang. Sun Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in his quatrain "Crossing the Qiao Feng Temple": "To grow old together and dream back, the castle peak will not change its old appearance. The moon sets at the temple near the bridge, and it is still midnight to lean on the pillow. " "Poetry" said: "Zhang Ji's" Midnight Bell Knocks on Passenger Ships "tells a lot of people, all of whom were fooled by the old people. Poetry flows from the scenery only in the tone of melody, and the combination of interest and image is only a fact. How can he be idle? Whether it is right or wrong in the middle of the night, whether the bell is heard or not is unknown. " "Don't pick up the money in Tang Poetry": "Midnight bells are either wrong or there are midnight bells here, which is not a solution. If you want it, the poet can't be persistent. If you persist, then' the morning bell is wet outside the clouds',' the clock and the white clouds' and' the fallen leaves are full of sparse clocks' are all unreasonable. "
Modern translation
The moon has set, crows crow and autumn frost is everywhere.
The maple trees by the river are sleeping in sorrow.
The lonely and quiet Hanshan Temple outside Gusu,
At midnight, the passenger ship rang a sweet bell.
Rhyme translation
The moon sets in the west, the autumn frost is all over the sky, and there are several cries in front of Wutai Mountain; The fishing fire on the river reflects the red maple tree, which provokes me with melancholy.
Oh, the famous Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou; The midnight bell floated to my boat.
Comment and analysis
One autumn night, the poet anchored at Fengqiao outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town attracted this traveler with travel worries, which made him appreciate a poetic beauty with meaningful feelings and wrote this poem with clear artistic conception.
The title is "Sleeping at Night", in fact, it only describes the sight and feeling at midnight. The first sentence of the poem describes three closely related scenes at midnight: the setting of the moon, crows and frost all over the sky. The first quarter moon rose early and sank in the middle of the night, leaving only a gray light and shadow in the whole sky. The tree perches probably because of the change of light and shade before and after the setting of the moon, and after being awakened, it makes several crows. The moon sets in the middle of the night, and the frost is black. In the dark and quiet environment, people's feeling of cold at night becomes particularly acute. The description of "frost all over the sky" does not conform to the reality of the natural landscape (frost is on the ground but not in the sky), but it completely conforms to the poet's feelings: the chill that attacks the bones and muscles in the middle of the night and the boats that the poet berthed from all directions at night make him feel that the boundless night sky outside him is filled with frost. The whole sentence, written by the setting moon, written by crows and written by frost all over the sky, clearly reflects a continuous process of time and feeling. And all this is harmoniously unified in the cold and cheerless atmosphere of autumn night in the water town and the lonely feeling of travelers. From here we can see the poet's meticulous thinking.
The second sentence of this poem continues to describe the characteristic scene of "a night-mooring near maple bridge" and the feelings of travelers. In the dim night, the trees by the river can only see a vague outline. Perhaps the reason why they are called "Jiangfeng" is a guess caused by the name Qiao Feng, or the image of "Jiangfeng" is chosen to give readers a hint of autumn. "There is a maple on Zhanjiang River, which hurts spring thoughts" and "There is no sorrow on the green maple". These poems of predecessors can explain the emotional content precipitated by the word "Jiang Feng" and its association. Through the misty river, you can see several "fishing fires" dotted around, which are particularly eye-catching and charming because of the hazy and misty background around. "River Wind" and "Fishing Fire", one is quiet and one is moving, one is dark and the other is on the river. The combination of scenery is quite intentional. When I wrote this article, I pointed out the passengers moored at Qiao Feng Bridge. "Sleeping in sorrow" refers to a traveler lying on the boat with travel worries. The word "right" in "opposite" contains the meaning of "partner", but it is not as exposed as the word "partner". There are indeed lonely travelers here, who are haunted by lingering light worries when fishing on frosty nights, but at the same time they imply a fresh feeling for the beautiful scenery of the journey. From the seemingly objective word "right", it seems that we can feel a silent blend and fit between the passengers inside the ship and the scenery outside the ship.
The scenery in front of the poem is very dense, and six scenes are written in fourteen words, but the pictures behind it are particularly sparse. The two poems only wrote one thing: sleeping in the night clock of the mountain temple. This is because the midnight bell of Hanshan Temple is the most vivid, profound and poetic impression the poet got in a night-mooring near maple bridge. Moonsetting, Frosty Night, Fishing by the River, Lonely Boat and other scenes. It shows the characteristics of night parking near Fengqiao in all aspects, but it is not enough to convey its charm. In the dark night, people's hearing rises to the first place to feel the sight of external things. And the silent night bell gives people a particularly strong impression. In this way, the "Midnight Bell" not only sets off the quietness of the night, but also reveals the depth and clarity of the night. The poet's unspeakable feelings when lying listening to the bell are beyond words. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry in the answer.
It seems that "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City" cannot be ignored here. Hanshan Temple, located in the west of Qiao Feng, was founded in the Liang Dynasty. Hanshan, a poet and monk in the early Tang Dynasty, once lived here, hence the name. The poetic beauty of Qiao Feng, together with this ancient temple, has brought the color of history and culture, making it more rich and moving. Therefore, the "midnight bell" of Hanshan Temple seems to echo the echo of history, permeated with religious feelings, giving people a sense of simplicity and solemnity. It seems that the poet pointed out the source of the bell with a poem. With the stroke of midnight in Hanshan Temple, the charm of "a night-mooring near maple bridge" can be perfectly expressed. This poem no longer stays at the level of pure landscape painting on autumn nights in Qiao Feng, but creates a typical artistic conception of blending scenes. Although the custom of midnight was recorded as early as in heather, it was Zhang Ji's creation to write it into poetry and become the eye of poetic artistic conception. At the same time or after Zhang Ji, although many poets described midnight, they did not reach Zhang Ji's level, let alone create a complete artistic conception.
A night-mooring near maple bridge is a poem describing the scene and feelings of staying overnight at Fengqiao. The first sentence is what you see (the moon sets), hear (crows) and feel (the sky is full of first frost); Two sentences describe the scenery and sad mood near Qiao Feng; Write three or four sentences about the passenger ship lying listening to the ancient temple clock. Ordinary bridges, ordinary trees, ordinary water, ordinary temples and ordinary clocks have been recreated by the poet's art, forming a night view of the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, which is meaningful, quiet and fascinating, and has become a masterpiece and scenic spot that has been passed down from ancient times to modern times. This poem has been discussed a lot since Ouyang Xiu said that "midnight is not the time to ring the bell". In fact, it was a fact that Hanshan Temple rang the bell at midnight until the Song Dynasty. Sun Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Crossing Qiao Feng Temple": "To grow old together and dream back, the castle peak will not change its old appearance. The five bodies of the moon fall on the temple by the bridge, and the pillow still smells midnight. " You can prove it. Zhang Ji is probably different from the midnight bell, so there is a saying of "midnight bell" Today's people may think that "Wuti" refers to the "Wuti Mountain" to the west of Hanshan Temple, rather than "crowing". Sleeping Sorrow is the Sleeping Sorrow Mountain south of Hanshan Temple, not Sleeping Sorrow. They don't know that Wutai Mountain and Mouning Mountain are named after Zhang Jishi. The word "Wuti" in Sun You's poem "Wuti Moon Falling Bridge Temple" clearly refers to "Wuti Mountain". For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry in the answer.
Make an appreciative comment
"a night-mooring near maple bridge" describes an autumn night, when a poet berthed at Fengqiao outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town attracted this wanderer with travel worries, which made him appreciate a meaningful poetic beauty and wrote this poem with far-reaching artistic conception. It expresses the poet's lonely and sad homesickness during his journey.
Why did the poet stay up all night? The first sentence wrote three closely related scenes: "The moon sets, crows crow and the sky is covered with frost". The first quarter moon rises early, and when the moon sets, it is about dawn, and birds in the trees will also crow at dawn. The "frost" of autumn night is suffused with the chill of soaking bones and muscles, which surrounds the poet's boat from all directions, making him feel that the vast night sky outside is filled with frost. In the second sentence, the poet used "Jiang Feng" and "fishing fire" to stay up all night.
Summary: The first two sentences describe six kinds of scenes, namely "the moon sets", "crows", "first frost is full of sky", "Jiangfeng", "fishing fire" and the guests on board who stayed up all night. The last two sentences only describe the scene of Meng Xun ringing the bell and boarding the boat at Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City. The first two sentences were seen by the poet, and the last two sentences were heard by the poet. In the silent night, I suddenly heard the distant bell. How did the poet feel when he stayed up all night? Facing the Jiang Feng fishing fire wandering in the frosty night, I felt a faint sadness. This poem "Midnight Bell" not only sets off the silence of the night, but also reveals the depth of the night. It is needless to say that the poet feels indescribable when he is lying listening to the bell. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry in the answer.
This poem is written in flashback, first writing the scene at dawn, and then recalling the scene last night and the midnight bell. The whole poem is full of colorful feelings and scenes.
This is my appreciation:
To appreciate a poem, you should know what it was like when the author wrote it. According to historical records, Zhang Ji happened to be on his way back from Beijing when he wrote this poem. Did he get in? No, I was accepted, but I was rejected. I studied hard for many years, trying to win a name, but I didn't expect to fall short. I'm one step away. I must feel inferior and ashamed when I meet my elders in Jiangdong. Once this person is frustrated and depressed, he is prone to depression, insomnia, depression and paranoia.
So the first sentence "Cold Night" describes the scene at that time on the surface, but actually describes the author's state of mind. The setting of the moon corresponds to the disillusionment of the author's high school ideal in the imperial examination. Crow is unlucky, which means that the author thinks it is unlucky. Some people think that crows sleep at midnight. How can they crow? This understanding is too superficial. This is a psychological activity of human beings. Many people feel unlucky at the wrong time in the middle of the night. The sky is full of first frost, which means that the author feels that the future is bleak and the wind and frost are pressing people everywhere. Then read the poem together, and the author expressed his disillusionment. It's really unlucky and the future is bleak.
The second sentence: "Jiang Feng fishing and sleeping" is about the author's place environment. There are maple trees by the river. When first frost turns red, it will lose its leaves. Fishing fires are swaying in the distance. For myself, I can't sleep because of sadness. When I described it, I thought of the sentence "How can a person float in the rivers and lakes without being stabbed?" . The author expressed his situation, wandering in the rivers and lakes, like a weathered maple tree, and like a flickering fishing fire, even if he sleeps, he faces countless troubles. The above two sentences express that the author lives a very depressed life in this world. Well, this is a turning point.
The third sentence: Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City. Here is a contrast and a metaphor. Gusu City symbolizes human prosperity, and Hanshan Temple symbolizes the location of Buddhism. The author expresses such an artistic conception that there is a western paradise outside the troubled world.
The fourth sentence: the midnight bell rings the passenger ship. Does anyone know why monks ring bells? I studied this problem for a long time before I understood it. This bell is a wake-up call. It's for the laity outside, to awaken the laity who are addicted to this world. Monks at that time liked to ring bells in the middle of the night. Maybe this means that the layman is asleep, so wake up and let everyone learn from it. As far as the author is concerned, although he was insomnia at that time, he was awake and just came from another place. So the meaning expressed in this poem can be seen as follows: "The midnight bell reached the passenger ship and suddenly awakened me, a dreamer addicted to the world." I shouldn't be so depressed. Life and death are life, and wealth is in the sky. If I don't pass the exam, I won't. Do my best. Life in the world lies in understanding, hearing and dying at dusk. I read so many books, not for fame and fortune, but for enlightenment. I should make good use of my life and live well to realize Tao. " The author must have been very excited at that time, and suddenly realized that he couldn't help writing this poem.
This poem is quite rare, because the correspondence between external objects and mood at that time happened to be quite consistent, and countless coincidences made this unique poem. It's a pity that over the years, everyone has been reading poetry carelessly, and how many people really understand the author? On the other hand, people are always dissatisfied. When you see this poem, there will always be a certain * * * sound. Although the meaning of understanding is different, we will still realize something subconsciously, which will also be greatly appreciated and circulated everywhere. This is probably one of the reasons why this poem has been passed down through the ages.
Brief introduction of the author
Zhang Ji (about 7 15~ 779), a native of Xiangyang, Hubei, Han nationality. Tang Dynasty poet, life is unknown. According to the records of various factions, it is only known that he was a scholar in the twelfth year of Tianbao (AD 753). During the Dali period, Yuan Wailang, the ancestor of the school, was the salt and iron judge of Hongzhou (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province). His poems are hearty, incisive and profound, which have great influence on later generations. But unfortunately, less than 50 songs have been handed down. His most famous poem is a night-mooring near maple bridge.
Zhang Ji is knowledgeable, talkative and knowledgeable. Making friends with Huang Furan is more affectionate than Kundi. In the 12th year of Tianbao (AD 753), he was a scholar. However, I chose to land and return to China. In the first year of Tang Daizong, Li Yubao (AD 762), 10, the government forces recaptured two cities (Chang 'an and Luoyang), and Zhang Ji was hired as the foreign minister to raise funds for Xifu. From then on, I abandoned my pen and joined the army. Later, I became a calibration doctor and promoted the calibration doctor. Finally, he became an iron-blooded judge. Divide the wealth of the flood state. At the end of the Dali period, Zhang Ji died of illness only after serving as a salt and iron official for more than a year. His friend Liu Changqing wrote a mourning poem "Crying for Bird's Foreign Succession", saying: "It's hard to go home in the world, and the burial period of the poor family is prolonged", which shows that he is honest and clean, and later his wife died there. Zhang's collection of poems, Zhang's Genealogy, has been handed down to later generations and carved into words, among which a night-mooring near maple bridge is the most famous.
Gao Zhongwu commented on Zhang Ji's poems: "both things are cut", "deeper than shortcut keys" and "elegant and elegant without carving". His poems have both "Taoist style" and "Zen flavor", which was the general atmosphere of advocating Confucianism and Taoism at that time, and he was no exception. However, he does not have the bureaucratic habits of ordinary officials. He once wrote a sentimental poem: "Those who are in tune with the times must talk about calmness. I don't know that the imperial city waits for five doors all the year round." "He didn't meet dignitaries, and was also a scholar poet HuangFuRan cosied up.
Liu Changqing wrote a poem "Mourning for Foreign Succession" and said to himself, "Mr. and Mrs. Gong fooled Yu Jie. They are both poets. Gao Zhongwu edited Miracle in ZTE, and selected 132 poems of 26 poets from the first year of Germany to the end of Dali, including 3 poems by Zhang Jishi. Gao Zhongwu commented on the cloud: "I'm tired of pronouns. I'm used to bows and fur." It's for writing, not for carving. And Erdene, then the hair is. Poetry is refreshing, and there is wind in the road. For example,' women stop farming in the city and waste farming in Wenyang' can be described as practical. And' the fire is still hot, and the wind shakes the sea' is deeper than Xing. "Judging from the comments, his family has been a poet for generations, and now it is impossible to know whose descendant he is. His poems are found in the whole Tang Dynasty, with only over 40 poems, which are mixed with other people's poems. However, Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once said: "There are more than 30 poems by Zhang Jishi, and others have them." (Shi Lin Shi Hua) It can be seen that there were only more than 30 poems in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Among the poets in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ji is not a master, and I am afraid he is not famous. "Collection of Tang Poems" listed his seven-character quatrains in the first level of "accepting martial arts". If the Millennium masterpiece a night-mooring near maple bridge had not been handed down, we might forget his name today. This poem, entitled "Sleeping at night in Songjiang", was selected for the first time in Zhongxing Gas Collection. After that, all the selected songs of the past dynasties were included in this poem until 300 Tang Poems, which made this poem one of the 300 famous Tang Poems and was widely read.