1 Fengxian Temple Fengxian Temple is the largest and most exquisite cliff stone carving group in Longmen Grottoes. Because it belongs to Fengxian Temple, the royal temple at that time, it is commonly known as Fengxian Temple.
2. Qianxi Temple Qianxi Temple is the first large cave at the northern end of Longmen West Mountain. It is more than nine meters high, nine meters wide and nearly seven meters deep. It was built in the early Tang Dynasty about 1300 years ago. The algae well at the top of the cave is a shallow carved lotus. The main Buddha, Amitabha, sits on Sumeru. On the left of the main Buddha is the great disciple Ye Jia, and on the right is the little disciple Ananda. Next to the two disciples are Guanyin Bodhisattva and Guanyin Bodhisattva. Amitabha Buddha and the two Bodhisattvas on both sides are called the Three Saints of the West, that is, the Three Saints in charge of the Western Elysium, and they are the objects of Pure Land Sect belief.
3. Binyang Cave Binyang Middle Cave is a representative cave in the Northern Wei Dynasty. "Binyang" means to welcome the birth of the sun. The third cave in Binyang was excavated during the Northern Wei Dynasty, which was built by Xuan Wudi of the Northern Wei Dynasty for his father Emperor Xiaowen. Binyang Middle Cave is a horseshoe-shaped plane with a dome at the top and a double-petal lotus treasure cover carved in the center.
4. Wanfo Cave Wanfo Cave is named after the 15,000 small buddhas carved neatly on the north and south sides of the cave. The cave has a front and back room structure, with two lions in the front room and two buddhas, two disciples, two bodhisattvas and two heavenly kings in the back room. It is the most complete cave in Longmen Grottoes. There is also a bodhisattva statue in the south side of the cave, which is a beautiful example of many bodhisattvas in the Longmen Grottoes in the Tang Dynasty. Bodhisattva is 85 cm high, with its head tilted to the right and its body in an "S" shape. The whole posture is very elegant and dignified.
5. Lotus Cave Lotus Cave is named after the big lotus with high relief carved on the top of the cave, which was dug in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Lotus is a famous Buddhist symbol, which means to emerge from the mud without being defiled. Therefore, most Buddhist grottoes are decorated with lotus flowers, but such large and exquisite high-relief lotus flowers as the top of the lotus cave are rare in Longmen Grottoes. The lotus is light, and the waist is long. The lotus roof of the Great Hall of the People is designed on the basis of this kind of lotus.
6. Guyangdong Guyangdong is located in the southern section of Longmen Mountain. It was excavated in 493 AD. It is the earliest cave in Longmen Grottoes, with the richest Buddhist content, the highest calligraphy art, grand scale and magnificent momentum. The north wall of the cave is engraved with the words "Guyang Cave" in regular script.
Guyangdong is the most concentrated place where the royal aristocrats made wishes and statues in the Northern Wei Dynasty. In order to extensively practice merits, pray for blessings and eliminate disasters, these dignitaries spared no expense to dig caves and shrines, leaving behind a calligraphy treasure-20 items of Longmen. There are 19 products in Guyangdong, and the other product is in Cixiang kiln. Twenty products of Longmen refers to the different inscriptions of twenty statues selected from the Northern Wei Dynasty, and records the carving time, figures and uses of the Buddhist niches.
The characteristics of 20 products are: the font is correct and generous, the momentum is vigorous and simple, and the structure and pen are between Han Li and Tang Kai. Kang Youwei, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, strongly advocated writing in Wei Bei in the whole society. Twenty pieces of Longmen still have infinite artistic charm, attracting countless overseas friends to cross the ocean every year in order to witness this rare calligraphy.
7. Fangzidong Fangzidong is named after many prescriptions of the Tang Dynasty engraved on the door of the cave. There are more than 50 prescriptions engraved with/kloc-0 on both sides of the cave gate, and the medicinal materials involved can be found among the people, which greatly facilitates the people. Fang Yao Dong Fang is the earliest stone prescription in China, which plays an important role in medical research in China.
8. Laolongdong Laolongdong was dug in a natural cave, with a long horseshoe-shaped plane and a dome-shaped top. Because many people dig the Old Dragon Cave mainly by praying for blessings and seeking merits, there is no prominent theme, so with a strong flavor of life, it provides a powerful textual research for studying the folk cave-building atmosphere and characteristics in the early Tang Dynasty.
9. Huiji Cave Huiji Cave is located in the south of Wanfo Cave. It is an open medium-sized cave with a height of 4.25 meters and a depth of 2.70 meters. On June 7th, 4th year in Xianheng, Tang Xianzong, 165438+ fahai temple, a monk from Xijing, built this cave later, so it is also called "Xijing fahai temple Bye-bye Cave".
10, Kanjing Dian Kanjing Dian was excavated in the period of Wu Zetian, and it has a two-room structure. There are dozens of small niches on the cliff wall of the front room. The main tomb is 1 170cm deep, 1 16cm wide, 825cm high, flat-topped, square in plane and vertical in four walls. This grotto, which only carves arhats but not Buddha statues, looks like a large meditation hall, probably carved by Zen Buddhism. Kanjing Temple is the largest grotto in Longmen Dongshan, and 29 Buddhist arhats are well preserved.
1 1, Xiangshan Temple Xiangshan Temple is located in the depression of Xiangshan West, south of Luoyang, the ancient capital of the 13th Dynasty 13 km. The Xishan Grottoes in Longmen Grottoes are separated by water and across the river, connected with Dongshan Grottoes and Baiyuan, and stand side by side. Named for its rich and fragrant pueraria lobata.
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Indian monk Dharma Bhabharata (Rizhao) was buried here to rebuild the Buddhist temple for her body. Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor in Luoyang, renamed it "Xiangshan Temple" and rebuilt it. Wu Zetian often drives relatives and travels, leaving a story that "Xiangshan poetry wins robes". Later, Henan Bai Yinju Yi donated 600,000 yuan to rebuild Xiangshan Temple, and inscribed "Xiu Xiangshan Temple", which made the temple famous all over the world. The first sentence at the beginning of this article is a compliment to Xiangshan Temple. "The scenery in the suburbs of Luodu wins, Longmen Temple is the first, sightseeing wins, and Xiangshan Temple is the first." Bai Juyi died and was buried next to the master tower of Xiangshan Temple.
12, Baiyuan Baiyuan, located on the Pipa Peak in Dongshan, Longmen Scenic Area, Luoyang, is the cemetery of Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.
13. The inscription "Twenty Pieces of Longmen" refers to the inscription of twenty statues selected from Longmen Grottoes in the Middle and Northern Wei Dynasty, which is the representative of Wei Bei's calligraphy. Weibei inherited Han Li and developed Tang Kai with the charm of Li Kai.
Among them, 19 are in Guyang Cave and 1 are in Cixiang Cave. On the basis of Han Li and Kincaid, his calligraphy art developed and evolved, forming a unique style which is dignified, generous, rich and simple, with both official script style and regular script factors. It is the essence of northern Wei calligraphy art and the representative of Weibei style.
14, Song Jiang Villa 1936, In order to celebrate Chiang Kai-shek's 50th birthday, the local government chose the south side of Xiangshan Temple and built a two-story building, which was then called Song Jiang Villa.
15. Before the road at the foot of Dongshan was opened, there was a platform above the boulder. Legend has it that when Fengxian Temple was completed, Wu Zetian personally led hundreds of officials to preside over this grand opening ceremony in Longmen, and a huge band played drums on this platform, so later people called it the drum table. The three holes adjacent to the drum platform are called the three holes of the drum platform.
16, cliff three niches cliff three niches * * There are seven Buddha statues, three of which are sitting Buddha and four are standing Buddha. This combination of statues is extremely rare in China Cave Temple. Maitreya, the main Buddha in the middle, appeared as the successor of Sakyamuni. Wu Zetian used Maitreya belief to create public opinion for her accession to the throne, calling herself "cishi" (Maitreya) after her accession to the throne, which promoted the popularization of Maitreya belief. It is in this historical background that the excavation of the three Buddhist niches on Cliff appeared. With the collapse of the regime of Wu Zhou, the three Buddhist shrines on the cliff also stopped working. Although this group of statues is semi-finished, it provides valuable materials for people to understand the excavation procedure of grotto statues.