Regardless of age, the relationship between the monarch and the minister is the greatest, so no matter what kind of monarch, it should be called "minister" and "minister" in name, otherwise it is equivalent to rebellion. In ancient times, only the emperor's father, empress dowager and empress dowager could directly call the emperor "the emperor", not a vassal.
No matter how old and high the monarch is, even the emperor's uncle, uncle and even his biological father should call himself a "minister". For example, Yi Xuan, the prince of alcohol in the late Qing Dynasty, was the biological father of Guangxu and the grandfather of Xuan Tong. He should call himself "Minister Yi Xuan" to Guangxu and Xuantong, otherwise he would be "disrespectful", and he would be dismissed from office or beheaded.
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The ceremony of ancient monarch and minister
In the pre-Qin period, the state rulers at this time could not be called emperors, and most of them were polite to their subordinates. They will bow to princes, ministers, scholars and other officials at all levels, and even bow to their subordinates. Ministers will also show corresponding respect to the rulers. It can be seen that there was little difference in the status of monarch and minister at that time, and the relationship was relatively close.
The ceremony of monarch and minister changed, and the position of minister declined, which began in the Qin Dynasty. Since Qin Shihuang, rulers have called themselves emperors and considered their status more noble. Therefore, in the Qin dynasty, the behavior of the ministers decreased a lot, and the rule of respecting the monarch and ministers was strengthened.
In the Han dynasty, the emperor would still salute the three fairs, but the etiquette became simple. The emperor will stand up as a gift to meet the three fairs, or return the three fairs.
In fact, the ministers of the Han Dynasty all bowed down to the emperor. According to Records of the Historian, Liu Bang gave a banquet. Under the guidance of etiquette officials, officials of civil and military affairs entered the main hall in turn and knelt in the hatchback to meet the emperor. In the Tang Dynasty, ministers also paid tribute to the emperor and bowed down twice.
But before the Song Dynasty, there were two kinds of ministers who didn't have to bow down when they saw the emperor. One is Gao Dezhao's minister. The other is the emperor's teacher. This shows that although the emperor has a lofty position at this stage, he still retains a little "humanity."
After the Song Dynasty, the relationship between monarch and minister was completely subverted. At this time, China's feudal society has entered the middle and late period, and the concept of inferiority is more serious, and the concept of hierarchy is more obvious. After that, the emperor never saluted his ministers again.
Later, it was even worse in the Qing Dynasty. When ministers met the emperor, they all knelt down and pretended to be "slaves" to show their humble status, and the emperor became the supreme existence.
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