1, what is the optimization method?
"Optimization method" is a method to quickly find the best scheme for production and scientific experiments with less test times. The core of optimization method is to find the best matching scheme or formula with the least number of experiments.
Questions, such as steamed buns, how much alkaline steamed bread is delicious? How many revolutions and feeds does the lathe drill use to drill holes, with high finish and high speed? How to grind the lathe tool to achieve the highest cutting efficiency ... These all involve matching problems, especially how to adjust the temperature, formula and time pressure in the reaction kettle and pipeline of some pharmaceutical companies to make the best quality medical products? How can we improve the extraction and extraction rate? We will encounter similar problems in almost all production units. At this time, we will use the optimization method, which has a wide range of applications.
2. Scope of application of optimization method
1. How to choose the right formula and the right production process to make the best quality products?
2. How to make the highest output, the lowest cost and the fastest production process under the quality standard?
3. How to debug the existing instruments to make them perform best?
4. It is not only widely used in synthesis formula, operating conditions, instrument debugging and so on. , but also in industrial production and agricultural production, as well as transportation, capital construction, medical and health care and so on.
The mystery and origin of 3.0.6 18
There is a mysterious thing in "optimization method", which is called 0.6 18, and the optimization method is also called 0.6 18. How did this 0.6 18 come from? This is a gift from God. People are surprised to find that many ratios in the world are exactly 0.6 18. In European architecture, the aspect ratio of many windows is 1: 0.6 18. The ratio of the base length to the height of the Egyptian pyramids is exactly 1 to 0.6 18, so the Egyptian pyramids are the best in any way. If the height from the sole of the foot to the navel and the height of the whole body length are 0.6 18 to 1, this figure is absolutely the most beautiful. The height from chin to eyebrows accounts for 0.6 18 of the whole head length, and the height from hairline to nose accounts for 0.6 18 of the whole head length. In the spiral arrangement of daisy florets, there are 265,438+0 on the right and 34 on the left, and the ratio between them is 265,438+0: 34, pine cone is 5: 8, pineapple is 8: 65,438+03, all close to the golden ratio ... Numerous examples have proved that 0. 6 18 is the most beautiful ratio.
4. Single factor optimization method
How is 0.6 18 made? First, let's introduce origami.
If we are steel workers, we all know that too much carbon in steel is pig iron. If there is no carbon in wrought iron and steel is in the middle, under what circumstances will steel have the highest strength? Now, let's do an experiment. Assume that the carbon content of one ton of steel ranges from1000g to 2000g. So what is the content of making the best steel? From 100 1 g, 1002, 1003 to 2000 g, do you want to do 1000 times? Isn't that tiring? There is no need to do this now. Let's take out a piece of paper. If the left side indicates1000g, the right side indicates 2000g. First, do an experiment at 0.6 18, from 1000 g to 16 18 g, and write down its strength figures (such as tensile strength and compressive strength of various properties of steel, etc.). ) and then fold the paper in half. After folding, this scale will have a corresponding mark in this place, and do it in this place for one second. If the second one is better than the first one, then tear up everything after 16 18 grams and don't do it again. Then fold the rest in half, and once folded in half, a new experimental point will come out. Which of these two is better? Then tear off the bad parts. Fold it in half again, three times and five times, and you can make the best plan. How fast this method is!
This origami method can simplify tens of thousands of experiments to several times or ten times.
So what is its formula?
Hua skillfully summed it up in words that ordinary people can understand, saying, "Big minus times 0.6 18 plus small."
Subtract the small1000g from the large 2000g, multiply it by 0.6 18 and add the small1000g, and do the first experiment.
The latter point is "big increase and small decrease"
For example: 2000+1000-18 =1382, followed by1618+1000-/kloc. This experiment, analysis, re-experiment, re-analysis, each time closer to the required dose, until the accuracy can be achieved.
Another function of the optimization method is to correct the setting range of the original experiment. If: when making steel, it is stipulated that 1000 grams to 2000 grams, but it is found wrong when doing it later, or is it the best place to achieve nearly 2000 grams? We should continue to work in the direction of 2000 grams, such as the range of 2000 to 2500 grams, which is beyond the original range.
For example, the pickling solution prepared by Shanghai Thermal Instrument Factory is mixed with 500ml pickling solution. Q: What is the best amount of water, nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid? The original dosage of nitric acid is 0-250ml, and hydrofluoric acid is 0-25ml. Add water to the rest. If nitric acid is divided into 5 ml parts and hydrofluoric acid into 2 ml parts, 650 tests are needed. It failed in the past two years. Fourteen experiments were done with the "optimization method", and a new formula was found in less than one day. When the alloy material is put in, it reacts immediately. After three minutes, the oxide scale naturally falls off, and the surface of the material is smooth without corrosion traces. According to the optimization method, the value of hydrofluoric acid is 33 ml, which is beyond the test range. Therefore, such a good formula can't be found by the previous method even after 650 tests. )
Their test method is to fold in half in the first step, fix hydrofluoric acid as 13 ml, find the ratio of nitric acid, and find the best ratio 165 ml in five times. The second step is to fix 165 ml nitric acid and optimize the hydrofluoric acid content. It is found that the pickling quality at the boundary of 25 ml is the best, which proves that the original range is not necessarily correct. The optimal range was determined to be 25 ~ 50 ml. By the ninth time, it was found that the best advantage of hydrofluoric acid was 33 ml. So far, the test has been carried out 14 times, which has completely met the needs and the test is over. If there are higher quality requirements, 33 ml hydrofluoric acid can be fixed and the nitric acid content can be further optimized.
The example shows that the "optimization method" can not only find the optimal scheme quickly and economically, but also correct the error in an inappropriate range preliminarily determined according to experience.
Therefore, the optimization method can be widely used in China's mechanical processing industry and chemical industry, as well as many industries.
The optimization method, which was created and popularized by Comrade Hua, a famous mathematician in China, was popularized in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Fujian, Hubei and Henan in the 1970s. Thousands of achievements have been made. Optimization method has been widely used because of its simple, scientific and popular characteristics. Since the implementation of total quality management, the "optimization method" has not been often mentioned because of the promotion and application of seven old and new tools and orthogonal experiments in modern management science. We believe that in today's vigorous development of QC group activities, "optimization method" will become an effective tool to solve difficult problems and shine brilliantly in QC activities. I hereby introduce it to readers to show my deep respect for Professor Hua.