The city is located in the Yellow River impact plain, with high terrain in the southwest and low terrain in the northeast. The average slope is about 1/7500, and the altitude is 27.5-49.0m. ..
The geological structure of Liaocheng is a part of North China Platform. The Liaokao fault zone divides Liaocheng into two secondary structural units, with Liaojitai syncline in the west and Luxitai anticline in the east. Liaojitai syncline has two tertiary structural units, namely Linqing Depression Fault Zone and Neihuang Uplift Fault Zone. Luxitai anticline has 1 tertiary structural unit, namely chiping depression. Secondly, from west to east, it is divided into seven four-level structural units: Guantao uplift, Linqing sag, Xinji uplift, Shenxian sag, Sangalong uplift, Yanggu uplift and Dong 'e sag. There are many faults in this area, and their strike is generally northeast. The main fault is Liaokao fault, followed by Guanguan fault, guanxian fault, Tangyi fault, Liaocheng fault, chiping fault, Dong 'e fault, Guantao fault and Maling fault, and there are many small faults. Liaokao fault, starting from chiping in the north and reaching Lankao in the south, has a total length of 270km, and the urban length is110km. It is the dividing line between Liaojitai syncline and Luxitai anticline in the city, and also controls the development and structural form of Tertiary in the city. Guang Guang fault starts from guanxian in the west, passes through Liaokao fault and reaches Guangrao in the east, with a total length of 290 kilometers, and the length of the city is about 100 kilometers. The northern plate of the fault descends and the southern plate rises. Guanxian Fault starts from Linqing Stone Trough in the north and reaches Liangtang in guanxian in the south, intersecting with Guanguang Fault, with a total length of about 60 kilometers. Its northern end is the dividing line between Linqing Depression and Xinji Uplift, and its southern end is the dividing line between Linqing Depression and Sanalon. Tangyi fault extends from Dongduzhuang in Shenxian County to the northwest, passes through Tangyi, and reaches the intersection of Boping and Liaokao fault, with a total length of about 73 kilometers, and its southern plate is a descending plate. Liaocheng fault is about 40 kilometers long, and it is a fault with a descending north side. The northeast meets Liaokao fault, and the southwest meets Tangyi fault in He Dian, Shenxian county. The chiping fault is a fault with a descending east wall. It starts from chiping Wanglao in the north and reaches Yanggu Grade 7 in the south, which is about 55 kilometers in Liaocheng. Dong 'e fault is located in the easternmost part of the city, and it is a fault with downward dip of the western plate. It starts from Aguji in the east in the north and reaches Zhangqiu in Yanggu in the south, with a total length of about 50 kilometers. Guantao fault, located in the westernmost part of the city, divides Beiguantao structure into two parts, which makes the strata of Kongdian Formation on both sides of the fault zone contact with Ordovician limestone. Maling fault is NW-trending, with a total length of about 15 km, and the northeast is a descending plate. This fault zone is the dividing line between Linqing Depression and Neihuang Uplift in Henan Province.
Since Late Tertiary, the deposits of Upper Tertiary and Quaternary have been generally accepted, mainly alluvial and diluvial deposits of the Yellow River. Except for the isolated hills less than 50m high along the Yellow River in Dong 'e 10, there are Paleozoic Ordovician limestone outcrops, and the rest are covered by Cenozoic Quaternary. The thickness of Quaternary system is generally 30~270 meters, especially in Linqing, Shenxian and Gaotang. Quaternary system includes Holocene series and Pleistocene series, which are divided into upper, middle and lower Pleistocene series. The Holocene is mainly composed of proluvial, with a sedimentary thickness of 7 ~ 25m, which is widely distributed in Liaocheng area. The Pleistocene was mainly deposited by rivers and lakes, with a thickness of 30~260 meters. Below Quaternary are Paleogene Minghuazhen Formation and Guantao Formation. Paleogene Dongying Formation, Shahejie Formation and Kongdian Formation; Paleozoic Carboniferous-Permian, Ordovician, Cambrian and Paleozoic metamorphic rocks. The total area of Liaocheng is 1297030 mu, of which 9,539,400 mu is cultivated land, accounting for 73.69% of the total area.
The utilized land area is 125 1. 1.6 million mu, accounting for 96.5% of the total area. Among them, 9,539,400 mu of cultivated land, accounting for 76.2% of the used land; Garden180200mu, accounting for 0.4% of the land area; 277,000 mu of forest land, accounting for 2.1%of the occupied land; The land for residents, factories, institutions and institutions is 6.5438+0.536 million mu, occupying1.1.9%; The traffic land is 354,300 mu, accounting for 2.7% of the occupied land; The water area is 424,400 mu, accounting for 4.8% of the occupied land. The unused land is 458,700 mu, accounting for 3.5% of the total area, mainly desert and saline-alkali wasteland. The Haihe River, Ma Jiahe and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal run through the north and south. The average available surface water resources for many years is 45.486 billion cubic meters, the water resources crossing the Yellow River are 42.03 billion cubic meters, and the available groundwater resources are 95.65438+0 billion cubic meters.
The distribution of water resources in the city is uneven, with more along the Yellow River in the east and southeast, but lacking in high altitude areas in the west and northwest.
The average annual precipitation is 566.7mm, and the total water production is 4.87 billion cubic meters. Among them, 369 million cubic meters of surface runoff is formed, which seeps into rivers, Ma Jiahe, Wei Canal or before being blocked, and then seeps down to replenish 986.5438 billion cubic meters of groundwater. There are abundant transit water resources. The annual average runoff of the Yellow River, Jindi River and Weiyun River is 36.622 billion cubic meters, of which the Yellow River is 34.958 billion cubic meters, accounting for 95.45% of the runoff along the river. Other water resources entering the country are very few. The average annual runoff of Haihe River and Ma Jiahe is 32 million cubic meters, which only enters the flood season.
The average total amount of groundwater resources for many years is 22 1.98 billion cubic meters, of which shallow groundwater is 21.97.4 million cubic meters, and middle and deep groundwater is 224 million cubic meters, accounting for 98.9% and 1. 1% respectively. There are many kinds of biological resources, including more than 500 varieties of food crops, 7 varieties of cash crops 107, more than 600 varieties of vegetables, 6 varieties of medicinal materials1variety, 225 varieties of forest and fruit trees, 46 varieties of flowers1variety and 95 varieties of cultured animals.
There are 33 families and 36 species of animal medicinal materials. There are 130 kinds of plants. There are mainly 5 categories of plant medicinal materials 183 species.