Western land
1.2 western land
The land gods in the west belong to vines, and the flower buds are orange or orange-red, and the flower buds are cup-shaped and oval. At the later stage, the petals become pale, with a flower diameter of about 8~ 10cm and 20 buds. The flower has bright colors, early flowering, changeable colors and strong cold resistance. Because the single flowering period of Xilu is very short, only 7~ 10d, and a bunch of bone buds don't bloom together, they always bloom in turn, and the plants stand upright and grow vigorously, but the growth and development of branches are uneven, and individual branches are easy to grow in vain, resulting in insufficient landscape benefits. Moreover, because the land in the west is thorny and dense, it also causes some troubles for daily maintenance and management. So it is rarely used in places like viaducts.
Angela
1.3 Angela
Angela is a vine rose, which is one of the most important rose varieties in landscaping at present. The flowers are pink, the middle color is lighter, and the height is about 80~ 150cm. Angela's main feature is that she blooms in large clusters of very large flowers. The longest flowering period of a single flower can exceed 20 days, with continuous seasons, long flower viewing period, good repeated flowering and fast growth.
fairyland
1.4 Wonderland
Wonderland is a rose full of flowers. Flowers are often bright pink with a diameter of about 5~8cm. Strong adaptability to the natural environment, easy maintenance, strong drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, heat resistance, low temperature resistance, strong disease resistance, dense flowers, many flowers, high flower groups, good concentration and long flowering period. The high flowering period in Hangzhou can be extended to the beginning of 65438+ 10 next year, but the color of Xianhou will become lighter during the high temperature period in summer, which will seriously affect the visual appreciation effect.
1.5 Xinghua village
Xinghua village is also a kind of rose with many flowers. Flowers are mainly pink, with bright colors, vigorous growth, cold resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance and drought resistance. The Red Apricot Flower Literature Society is flourishing and flourishing. Fireworks are everywhere. Flowers gather at the top of branches and form clusters when they bloom. The flowering period can be from Hangzhou downtown to 65438+ the following year1early October. But because of its vigorous growth, it needs to be pruned regularly every year. The disadvantage is that in the hot season, the color is darker. The Red Star Chinese Cultural Society is beautiful in group, with outstanding visual effects and strong environmental adaptability, which is very suitable for elevated landscape.
The habit of February season
2. 1 ecological habits
For most rose varieties, the cold resistance is excellent. Outside the north, you can spend the winter in the open air, but in the north of China, because the temperature is extremely low, you must bury the soil to keep warm in winter. Although Chinese rose likes sunshine, there is no special requirement for sunshine time. If roses are planted in a high-temperature greenhouse in winter, they will bloom smoothly, but their subsequent development will be hindered. The requirements of Chinese rose for soil quality are also relatively low. Generally speaking, it prefers medium loam and clay loam. In sandy soil and acidic soil, the growth conditions are poor, but it can resist weak acidic soil and has strong fertility resistance. Therefore, we must continue topdressing to meet the requirements of flowering and fruiting.
2.2 Relationship between Rose and Temperature
According to the observation and statistics in recent years, the flowering period of Chinese rose is generally May-165438+ 10. Because Chinese roses are not afraid of frost, flowers and leaves will wither slowly only after it snows. It is like light, fertilizer and water, but at the same time it can resist drought and barren. Because Chinese rose likes temperature, but it can't stand extreme heat, although it can flourish in hot summer, it has few flowers and small buds, or it doesn't bloom in hot environment. Although reasonable pruning, increasing nitrogen and potassium, shading and frequent watering have been taken to reduce the phenomenon of non-flowering, the quantity and quality of flowering still cannot reach the level of spring flowering. In the northern part of China, where the climate management is extensive, Chinese roses can have sparse flowers or even leaves without flowers in hot July and August. However, from the end of September to 10, the climate is getting colder, and no matter how loosely managed, Chinese roses can produce a large number of colorful flowers.
3 maintenance and management of potted roses
3. 1 planting soil
Soil is one of the important factors for plant growth. Plants absorb water, air and other minerals directly from the soil. Therefore, soil is also an important material basis for plant growth, especially for roses. The choice and collocation of planting soil is related to the future development of Chinese rose. Because the potted capacity of potted roses is limited, it can only accommodate a small amount of soil, so it requires high soil quality. Usually, before cultivation, more than two kinds of soil media are mixed in a certain proportion, instead of a single media.
Soil substrates for cultivating Chinese rose can be roughly divided into three types. Waterproof, fat-retaining, loose and breathable. Generally speaking, the commonly used soil media for waterproof and fertilizer conservation are peat soil, peat soil, fine coconut chaff, vegetable garden soil, northeast black soil, mountain mud, pond mud and so on. Loose and breathable media are generally perlite, coarse coconut shell, loose scales, coarse sand, coal mine slag, shavings, rice husk charcoal, peanut shell and another waterproof, fertilizing, permeable and breathable media, namely humus, fine sand loam and oyster stone. Leaf rot mud is rich in natural organic matter, humic acid, vitamins, auxin and trace elements; But Chinese rose likes fertile and moist soil and is afraid of dry water. Therefore, sandy loam with loose soil, sufficient organic matter, good drainage and air permeability, good water retention and soil fertility must be selected, and slightly acidic soil with pH value of 6.6~6.8 should be selected. According to the maintenance experience of rose, sawdust, slightly acidic yellow soil and tea residue were mixed in a proper proportion, and then the corresponding proportion of land growth hormone water was sprayed, and humic acid was continued to be used for about 3~4 months. The soil has loose structure, rich fertility, good air permeability and good air permeability, which is beneficial to the propagation of Chinese rose, easy to use and saves cost. For the land where Chinese rose has been planted, tea residue and peat with a depth of 3~5cm can be applied in spring and winter to improve the soil, which can reduce the growth and development of weeds and improve the soil structure.
3.2 Fertilizer management
Roses like fertilizer, and the amount and method of fertilization for roses are different in each growing season. Therefore, we should master the principles of diligent application, less application and light application according to the seasonal characteristics and growth and development stages. Among the essential nutrients for Chinese rose production, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most needed nutrients for Chinese rose. The main function of nitrogen fertilizer is to promote the growth of rose branches and leaves, and the leaves are bright and green, but at the same time, it should be noted that excessive nitrogen fertilizer will make the rose grow phosphorus in vain. Its main function is to promote the root development of Chinese rose and improve its cold and drought resistance. At the same time, it also has the function of promoting the growth of flowers, enriching fruits and making flowers colorful. Phosphorus can only make roses take root, blossom and bear fruit, but without phosphorus, roses are difficult to blossom. Even in full bloom, there are few flowers and small colors. The main function of potassium is to promote the growth and development of Chinese rose. The thick and hard stems can improve the resistance of Chinese rose to diseases and insect pests and branches. When topdressing, avoid the dangerous fertilization period, that is, the early stage of growth and development. Because the root system is tender and the soil is poor in fertilizer tolerance, no fertilizer is applied during this period, and the new buds and leaves are fully elongated from the green period to the rainy period. This period is also the most vigorous time for the growth and development of Chinese rose, and the soil nutrient loss is great, so it is necessary to apply balanced comprehensive fertilizer, generally 2.5kg per plant, foliar topdressing, 1000 times balanced liquid fertilizer and 1000 times growth hormone solution or watering. Fertilization time is generally 5 ~ 7 days. In addition, high-phosphorus comprehensive fertilizer can be applied before flower buds appear in mid-April to promote flower bud differentiation and the growth and development of Gu Duo. In rainy season and early summer, high-phosphorus comprehensive fertilizer and high-phosphorus liquid fertilizer are generally used to make plant branches stronger and make Chinese rose grow well in high temperature and drought environment in summer. During the high temperature period from July to August, the Chinese rose is close to 0.5 dormancy. Without fertilization, plants will easily die; The second vigorous growth and development period of Chinese rose in the whole year is from the end of August to the middle of 10, with emphasis on the coordination of balanced compound fertilizer, balanced liquid fertilizer and growth hormone. After autumn, increasing the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or decreasing the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can control the growth and development of new shoots, which is beneficial to overwintering:1No fertilization after mid-October. Fertilization can easily make plants grow in vain. Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and bone meal should be applied before spring, and cow dung or sheep dung should not be applied. Chicken manure and pigeon manure should not be used to promote the growth and development of plant roots and the increase of flower buds in the coming year. Every pruning of Chinese rose should be combined with topdressing to replenish nutrients needed by flowering plants in time and promote root differentiation and bud formation.
3.3 Drug management
The most common pests and diseases of potted roses are black spot, putty, moth, red spider, thistle and so on. Among them, black spot disease is caused by fungi. In the initial stage, small spots, usually brown, will appear on the leaves, and then these spots will gradually spread over a period of time to form deeper patches. There is black mold on the plaque with obvious radiation around it. In severe cases, the diseased spots are connected together, which leads to yellowing and peeling of leaves, which seriously harms the growth and development of plants. From April to mid-July, mid-August and165438+1October, the red spots and black spots broke out in April to May and August to September respectively. The main control method is to alternately use 1000 times thiophanate methyl, carbendazim or mancozeb. Please note that red spots and black spots are most suitable for infection 2 ~ 3 days after rainstorm, and the incubation period is about one month. Therefore, after heavy rain, adults who are tired of pesticides should mainly suck juice on tender buds, tender leaves and bone buds. When they appear in a large area, there will be honey-oily black secretions. In spring and early summer, avermectin transdermal agent 1000 times or 1000 times was used. Moths generally feed on the leaves of Chinese rose flowers, which can be controlled by using emamectin benzoate 500~ 1000 times solution. Red spider is beneficial to mass production and harm in high temperature and dry season. It first absorbs the juice of the leaves, and the injured leaves turn into small yellow pieces, and then slowly spread to the whole leaves, causing the leaves to curl, wither or fall. During the onset, 15% pyridaben EC was sprayed 2000 times. Thrips suck the juice of Chinese rose flowers and branches, which makes plants grow poorly. If the disease area is small, the infected branches can be pruned, otherwise carbosulfan 1000 times solution can be used for prevention and control. Note that in practical application, the above drugs can be mixed to improve production efficiency.
3.4 Water management
Water supplement is a key requirement for normal growth and development of plants. If the water is insufficient, the normal growth and development of plants will also be seriously affected. Because Chinese rose likes a mild and humid environment, but it is resistant to dryness, it should adhere to the basic principles of dry and thorough watering, such as watering the surface soil when it is dry, and carrying out scientific fertilizer and water management according to the plant growth, but it is also necessary to understand the water demand characteristics of its physiological activities during the growth period. Because of the different stages of natural growth and development, we should master the seasonal change, temperature, air humidity and soil physical properties flexibly. Usually in the early stage of axillary bud germination, the water demand is less, so the water should be controlled in time; After axillary bud germination, it enters the stage of new shoot growth, branching and leaf release, and the water demand increases gradually, so it should be combined with "promotion" and "control". When the water demand reaches the peak, sufficient water supply should be provided in the germination and development stage, and soil moisture should always be guaranteed; After the flowers are maintained, they should be kept dry and wet to promote the growth of roots and stems and accumulate the ability of the next batch of flower buds to differentiate, grow and develop. Therefore, the rising roses must be especially careful about premature and excessive water supply in spring, so as to avoid premature germination of axillary buds, resulting in the influence of late spring cold and late frost.
Application and Configuration of April Day in Hangzhou
4. 1 road greening
Since the implementation of "Home Beautification Project" in Hangzhou in 2009, roads have been the main landscape green space type for urban environmental greening and lighting transformation. In the process of transformation, a large number of plant varieties with bright colors, long flowering period and good resistance were selected, as shown in figure 1. Some vehicles such as Moganshan Road, Daguan Road and Fengtan Road are in the belt. Choose rose varieties such as Wonderland, Xinghua Village and Moheim Palace. A wide variety of road green belts, such as Century Street, Xingguang Street, Daguan Road and Zhijiang Road, are set in groups or groups, providing colorful and charming urban landscapes for Hangzhou's urban road landscape.
Road greening
4.2 Elevated Rose
In recent years, with the rapid development of our country and the rapid change of urban traffic, there are more and more elevated highway construction projects, and the demand of urban residents for the environment is increasing, which puts forward higher requirements and pursuits for urban landscape construction. Therefore, the construction of urban elevated landscape is the key link of urban landscape construction, and the unique growth environment and urban function of urban elevated put forward higher requirements for the selection of landscape flowers. Due to poor environmental conditions and insufficient water, the selected flowers should resist both the cold in winter and the high temperature in summer, which will not affect the ground traffic landscape, so the rose is especially suitable for high-rise landscaping. Because of its drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, strong disease resistance, long flowering period, bright color and variety. Since 20 10, Hangzhou has begun to plant Chinese rose, which has achieved remarkable results and formed a beautiful landscape in Hangzhou, as shown in Figure 2.