Definition of pressure vessel: A pressure vessel is a sealed vessel which bears gas or liquid pressure inside or outside and requires high safety.
Pressure vessels are mainly cylindrical, and a few are spherical or other shapes. Cylindrical pressure vessels are usually composed of cylinder, head, nozzle, flange and other parts. The higher the working pressure of the pressure vessel, the thicker the cylinder wall.
Classification of pressure vessels
Classification by pressure grade: pressure vessels can be divided into internal pressure vessels and external pressure vessels.
According to the design pressure (P), internal pressure vessels can be divided into the following four pressure levels:
Low pressure (code l) vessel 0.1MPa ≤ p <1.6 MPa;
Medium pressure (code M) container1.6 MPa ≤ P <10.0 MPa;
High pressure (code H) container10mpa ≤ P <100mpa;
Ultra-high pressure (code U) vessel p≥ 100MPa.
According to the function of container in production:
Reaction pressure vessel (code R): used to complete the physical and chemical reactions of the medium.
Heat exchange pressure vessel (code E): used to complete the heat exchange of medium.
Separation pressure vessel (code S): fluid pressure balance buffer used to complete the purification and separation of medium and gas.
Storage pressure vessel (code C, in which the spherical tank code B): used to store and contain media such as gas, liquid and liquefied gas.
In a pressure vessel, if there are more than two process action principles at the same time, the varieties should be divided according to the main role in the process.
Classification by installation method:
Fixed pressure vessels: pressure vessels with fixed installation and use places, relatively fixed process conditions and operators.
Mobile pressure vessel: When in use, it not only bears internal pressure or external pressure load, but also bears impact force caused by internal medium sloshing and external impact and vibration load caused by transportation, so it has its special requirements in structure, use and safety.
The above classification methods only consider a certain design parameter or service condition of pressure vessels, and cannot fully reflect the danger degree of pressure vessels.
The danger degree of pressure vessel is also related to the medium danger and the product of its design pressure P and full volume V. The greater the pV value, the greater the explosion energy and the greater the harm, and the higher the requirements for the design, manufacture, inspection, use and management of the vessel.
According to the classification of safety technology management:
The Safety Technical Supervision Regulation for Pressure Vessels adopts comprehensive classification, which not only considers the product of pressure and volume of vessels, but also considers the danger of medium and the role of vessels in the production process, so as to facilitate the safety technical supervision and management. In this method, pressure vessels are divided into three categories:
1.Ⅲ pressure vessels are under any of the following circumstances:
High pressure vessel;
Medium pressure vessel (only for highly toxic and dangerous media);
Medium-pressure storage containers (flammable or moderately hazardous media only, pV products greater than or equal to 10MPa? m3)；
Medium pressure reaction vessel (only flammable or moderately dangerous medium with pV product greater than or equal to 0.5Pa? m3)；
Low pressure vessel (only used for highly toxic and dangerous media, the product is greater than or equal to 0.2MPa? m3)；
High and medium pressure shell-and-tube waste heat boilers;
Medium pressure glass-lined pressure vessel;
Pressure vessels made of high-strength materials (the lower limit of tensile strength specified in the corresponding standards is greater than or equal to 540 MPa);
Mobile pressure vessels include railway tank cars (medium is liquefied gas and cryogenic liquid), tank cars [liquefied gas transport (semi-trailer), cryogenic liquid transport (semi-trailer) and permanent gas transport (semi-trailer)] and tank containers (medium is liquefied gas and cryogenic liquid).
Spherical storage tank (volume greater than or equal to 50m3); Cryogenic liquid storage container (volume greater than 5m3).
Cryogenic liquid storage container (volume greater than 5m3)
2. Class II pressure vessels are under any of the following circumstances:
Medium pressure vessel;
Low pressure vessel (only used for highly toxic and dangerous media);
Low-pressure reaction vessel and low-pressure storage vessel (flammable medium or moderately toxic medium only);
Low pressure shell-and-tube waste heat boiler;
Low pressure glass lined pressure vessel. A class of pressure vessels, except for the low-pressure vessels specified above, are a class of pressure vessels.
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Question 2: Is the half-tube-heated reactor a pressure vessel? . . . Follow-up: The pressure of my reaction kettle is not 0. 1Mpa, but the steam in the half tube is 0.7MPa. I don't know if it belongs to the pressure vessel. Answer: Is your coil inside or around the container? Only the pressure in your container is not 0. 1. Follow-up: The half tube is coiled outside the reactor, reflecting that there is no pressure in the reactor, but the steam in the half tube is 0.7MPa, in order to heat the materials. Answer: As long as there is no pressure in the inner container and the outer ring is 0.7, the pressure must be 0.7, which means the upper grade. According to the new standard, it is multi-cavity. What is your diameter? Where's your coil? Are all cylinders? But you can also calculate by category to see how you cope with the inspection. Thank you. I consulted the pressure vessel manufacturer and said it was a pressure vessel. Now it is generally not tested!
Question 3: Is the heat transfer oil reactor a pressure vessel? It is different from ordinary containers (atmospheric containers). Only vessels that meet the following three conditions are called pressure vessels:
(1) working pressure is greater than or equal to 0. 1Mpa (working pressure refers to the highest pressure (gauge pressure) that can be reached at the top of the pressure vessel under normal working conditions); (excluding hydrostatic pressure)
(2) Containers with an internal diameter of not less than150mm (for non-circular sections, the width and height or diagonal lines such as rectangles are diagonal lines and ellipses are long axes).
(3) The working medium is gas, liquefied gas or liquid with a temperature higher than the standard boiling point;
Heat transfer oil reactors can be divided into jacket reactors and coil reactors. When heating with heat transfer oil, there is a circulating oil pump outside to drive the heat transfer oil to circulate all the time, and the pressure is 0.3Mpa~0.4Mpa. Therefore, no matter what material is in the reactor, it is best to design the heat transfer oil reactor according to the standard of pressure vessel.
Question 4: What's the difference between a reaction kettle and a pressure kettle? Do they have the same function? There are two kinds of resin reactors, one is a pressure vessel and the other is not a pressure vessel.
Pressure vessel, used for reactive synthesis that needs to be pressurized in the synthesis process, such as hydrogenation reactor.
Boiler is also a pressure vessel, but it is certainly not a resin reactor.
Non-pressure vessels, general resin reaction vessels are non-pressure vessels, such as those producing acrylic resin, alkyd resin and unsaturated resin. ..
The production of resin belongs to chemical products, and it is difficult to obtain a safety production license for dangerous chemicals in some places.
Question 5: How to define whether the equipment belongs to a pressure vessel can be defined with reference to the second and third principles in the Regulation on Safety and Technical Supervision of Pressure Vessels. If it can be nested, it is a pressure vessel.
Cao Jin /fa/law 12.37
Supplement:
1, and get information from the regulators. At present, the regulation does not completely restrict power plant equipment.
This is caused by the history of power system. In fact, the state regulations are very clear, and the power plant itself belongs to users. The Regulations on Supervision of Special Equipment clearly stipulates that all units in the country must abide by it, but the power system is too large, and many of them do not cooperate with the management of the quality supervision system. "Capacity regulation" is the basic principle that all units using pressure vessels in People's Republic of China (PRC) should abide by. Because its regulations are not very strict, just some basic requirements, it manages the manufacture, installation and use of these equipment from the perspective of safety, and the pressure-bearing equipment in power plants should also be observed.
2. Classification of pressure vessels:
GB150/GB151is the national standard for pressure vessels. Because the pressure vessel industry is a special industry, the former Ministry of Labor is the main supervision and law enforcement department. Therefore, according to Article 5 of the Capacity Regulation, this regulation is the basic requirement for quality supervision and safety supervision of pressure vessels. In case of any conflict between the technical standards, departmental regulations and rules and regulations of enterprises and institutions related to pressure vessels, these provisions shall prevail.
That is to say, although GB 150 belongs to the national standard, if the content of GB 15 1 conflicts with Rong Gui, the provisions of Rong Gui shall prevail.
Due to historical reasons, the power system has been supervised by the Ministry of Electric Power, and the Ministry of Electric Power does not regard the pressure vessel attached to the power station as the main equipment, so there is no similar regulation. However, in recent years, the Ministry of Electric Power has been cancelled, power companies have become enterprises, and the pressure-bearing equipment of various power plants is managed by local quality and technical supervision departments. Therefore, there are three kinds of pressure-bearing equipment in power plants: power plant boilers, pressure vessels and pressure pipes. According to what you said, it should belong to the pressure vessel.
I can't understand the meaning of sharing in the following sentence.
"Having the same" means having the same at the same time, which means that a pressure vessel can only be considered if it meets the three regulations one by one. If only one of them is satisfied, it is not considered as a pressure vessel.
Simply put: 1, the pressure is greater than1kg; 2, the diameter is greater than 150mm, and the volume is greater than 25 liters; 3. The medium is gas, liquefied gas or liquid that reaches a certain temperature. Pressure vessels must meet these three requirements at the same time. It is not a pressure vessel that is out of scope, but a piece of equipment.
4. Interpretation of GB 150:
GB 150 is the full name of steel pressure vessel, which is only applicable to steel pressure vessels. The scope of application is narrow, and containers are not classified, but only the pressure calculation method, manufacturing procedures, inspection and acceptance standards under what conditions are stipulated.
Volume meter is a large frame, which is suitable for pressure vessels of various materials. There is no objection to GB 150, and GB 150 is quoted in many places, with the emphasis on the classification and definition of pressure vessels. This is a basic standard. In fact, GB 150 is just a classification and coordination standard for capacity regulation.
In general application, we usually use capacity gauge to classify and characterize a container first, and then use the technical requirements of GB 150 to constrain a container, which must be met at the same time.
You can't find out what a "pressure vessel" is from GB 150.
5. Is the shaft seal cooler or shaft seal heater a pressure vessel?
I haven't seen this kind of equipment, so I don't know its specific structure and material. Please set it according to the three requirements of the capacity gauge first. If it can fit in, it must be a pressure vessel.
If it is a pressure vessel, it depends on whether the material is steel. If it is steel, you can quote GB150/GB151. If it is made of other materials, you have to find other corresponding regulations. ...& gt& gt
Question 6: Is the reaction kettle used in benzene nitration a pressure vessel? First of all, we must make clear what is a pressure vessel. Pressure vessel refers to a closed device containing gas or liquid and bearing a certain pressure. When benzene is used to prepare nitrobenzene, there is no need to seal it, and the reaction can be carried out in a normal pressure container, or even in a flask when doing experiments, so there is no need to carry out pressure operation or use a pressure container, and the container for preparing nitrobenzene is not a pressure container.
Question 7: Is the semi-tubular heating reactor a pressure vessel? Yes, as long as you have 0. 1MPa and your container, you can read the new capacity specification "Fixed Pressure Vessel". . . . 》
Question 8: Is the reaction kettle for making glue a pressure vessel? number
Question 9: Are the reactors used by chemical enterprises special equipment? Yes, pressure vessels and pressure pipes are special equipment.
Question 10: The jacketed reactor is a pressure vessel with atmospheric pressure and the water vapor in the jacket is not more than 1 kg. The jacketed reactor is a pressure vessel with atmospheric pressure and water vapor in the jacket greater than 1 kg. However, there is no need to register and apply for a license.