Royal sacrificial culture represented by Xiannongtan, Beijing scholar culture represented by Liulichang, guild hall culture represented by Huguang Guild Hall, traditional commercial culture represented by time-honored brands in Dashilan area, and old Beijing folk culture represented by Tianqiao, etc. Popular, elegant and gorgeous, it condenses the culture of Beijing at all levels.
Xuannan culture has two kinds: broad sense and narrow sense.
Xuannan culture in a broad sense refers to the regional culture of Xuannan. Xuannan culture, which was formed and developed from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, is located in Xuanwu District of Beijing and was formed under specific historical and geographical conditions. It is a colorful and unique small regional culture with literati culture and civilian culture as the main body. It is an important part of Beijing culture. Xuannan culture in a narrow sense refers to the culture of Han scholars in the capital of Qing Dynasty. The cultural achievements of many Han scholars living in Xuannan have had a great influence on the development of China's cultural and ideological history. In this sense, Xuannan culture has national cultural significance.
Xuannan culture has a long history. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the literati culture and civilian culture developed here are popular, elegant and gorgeous, and they are an inseparable part of Beijing's history and culture. Openness and innovation are the essence of Xuannan culture, and studying Xuannan culture is not only of academic value.
Division of historical and cultural levels
Beijing's history and culture can be roughly divided into three levels, namely, royal culture, literati culture and civilian culture, and the broad sense of "Xuannan culture" includes these three levels.
Royal sacrificial culture represented by Xiannongtan, Beijing scholar culture represented by Liulichang, guild hall culture represented by Huguang Guild Hall, traditional commercial culture represented by time-honored brands in Dashilan area, and old Beijing folk culture represented by Tianqiao, etc. Popular, elegant and gorgeous, it condenses the culture of Beijing at all levels.
Xuannan culture in Ming dynasty
Ming and Qing Dynasties are an important period for the formation and development of Beijing culture. When the inner city with the imperial city as the center became the palace culture concentration area, Xuannan, located in the outer city, became the exhibition place of scholar-bureaucrat culture and street culture. There are more than 700 historical and cultural celebrities who have lived in Xuannan. In the early Qing Dynasty, Wang Yuyang, Wu Meicun, Zhu Yizun, Sun Chengze and others all stayed here, and they were outstanding and prosperous from generation to generation. It goes without saying that Emperor Yongle made Beijing his capital. As the political center of the whole country, Beijing naturally becomes a place where advanced cultures gather. At that time, scholars from all over the country went to Beijing to take the exam, and most of them gathered in Xuannan. There are thousands of scholars here all the year round, and clubs that provide convenient accommodation for them flourish. Later, there were regional industrial and commercial houses and trade clubs built for commercial needs.
Xuannan culture in Qing dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the heyday of Xuannan Guild Hall. There are more than 300 halls in a community, and there are often more than a dozen halls in a narrow alley. The guild hall provides an ideal public space for the gathering and exchange of scholars, and also prepares conditions for academic exchange and cultural revival.
People who have influenced the historical progress of China since modern times are inextricably linked with Xuannan Guild Hall. Lin Zexu, a national hero, once lived in Puyang Guild Hall, and Anhui Guild Hall was founded by Li Hongzhang, the leader of Westernization Movement. After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War in 1894-1895, the reformists Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong lived in Nanhai Guild Hall, Xinhui Guild Hall and Liuyang Guild Hall in Xuannan respectively, and wrote the most tragic chapter of Xuannan's reform activities. After the founding of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen went north to talk with Yuan Shikai, visited Huguang Guild Hall five times, reorganized the League and founded the Kuomintang. There is Shaoxing Guild Hall, where Lu Xun published the first vernacular novel Diary of a Madman in the history of China's new literature, and used the pseudonym of Lu Xun for the first time.
These deserted halls have witnessed the vicissitudes of China's modern history, and they are important windows to see through Beijing's modern history and culture. However, due to historical reasons, most of the temples have disappeared, and all the remaining ones have collapsed. Xuanwu District is making great efforts to repair these halls.
Liulichang is an ancient cultural street in Beijing. During the Qianlong period, editor-in-chief Ji Yun exchanged books with Liulichang Bookstore as the center. At that time, booksellers gathered all over China. Scholars who came to Beijing at that time took pleasure in buying books at Liulichang. This grand occasion lasted until the Republic of China. There are some famous ink paintings, lake pens and Hui ink. Today is still full of cultural atmosphere, and the context of that year has not disappeared because of the passage of time.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the division of Manchu and Han and the separation of flag and people made great changes in the social spatial structure of Beijing. Cheng Nan has become the center of commerce and service industry, and also the distribution center of floating population. The Dashilan and Tianqiao in Xuannan have become the most prosperous entertainment and business places in old Beijing, and the civilian culture represented by opera culture and folk culture has also emerged. "Get together on your head, put on your clothes, and climb your feet in a straight line" is a popular folk jingle. These century-old shops are still welcoming a steady stream of guests in Dashilan. Approaching Dashilan is like walking into an out-and-out museum of old Beijing culture, where you can freely get in touch with the three religions, five elements, eight accomplishments and all kinds of acrobatics in old Beijing.
Modern Xuannan culture
Dai Yi, a famous expert in Qing history, believes that Xuannan has no palaces and castles in the imperial capital or beautiful gardens in the western suburbs of Shui Mu, but it has gathered a large number of cultural elites since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, leaving a large number of historical sites for viewing and commemorating, which can really be called "the essence of capital culture".
Xuannan is a fertile soil of culture, which can be developed into a world-renowned cultural industry belt. The opening and innovation of Xuannan culture is still worth learning today.
Wind and rain spread to the south, and the years are deep.
In the fifteenth year of Jiaqing, Zhang Chuanshan was 47 years old. He wanted to be an official in Shandong, but he was reluctant to leave Beijing for 27 years. "Soldiers have become their hometown". He has lived longer than his hometown of Sichuan and has made Kyoto his hometown. It is even more difficult to leave Xuannan. I first lived in Changqing, Xuannan, and then I went back to Sichuan several times to live in Xuannan. I had a small banquet, and many poetry friends were also in Xuannan. That's really "the stormy Xuannan years"! Living in Kyoto for more than 20 years is worth remembering. When Qianlong first came here at the age of twenty-one in forty-nine years, he was full of vigor and vitality. He went to Lugou Bridge to write a poem: "Looking at the dust in the south of Lugou, the trees and frost are blooming in the desert." He seems to see a wide avenue. "There is no success in reading the world, and people are useless because of mediocrity." The spirit of coming to Beijing for fame and fortune is vividly on the paper.
Going to Beijing is not bad luck. Twenty-five-year-old "autumn list sudden love", in Shuntian township to try a juren. At the age of 27, he was "ashamed of himself" and was a scholar. When the guest was alone, he moved to Song Jun Temple, an ancient temple. Xuanwumen Nandazhi Bridge, a modest ancient temple, is still there. Now it is a cultural relic protection unit in Beijing. The sign "Former Residence of Yangjiao Mountain" is hung in front of the door, and the door has been sealed. At that time, Chuanshan was "a few empty steps as high as a pavilion, and a window was warmer than spring." Today, the high terrace in front of the door is gone, so I can only daydream outside. At that time, Chuanshan told his poetry friends that if the Tathagata came to visit, he would just see the Qibao Building in front of the door. Hong is the most popular poet friend. They talked with the couch all night in ancient buddhist nun. Xiao Churi presented a poem together, saying that it was a ceremony held in Jia Dao, and it never happened again in one thousand years. How much they love and respect poetry! Being a poet is the greatest happiness. Poetry became the sustenance of his life, which made "a strange spirit fall from the sky and revealed an infinite treasure house."
At this time, parents, wife and children are in Sichuan, and the ancient temple is lonely, surrounded by autumn stars and a cluster of frost chrysanthemums. Some of them are constantly homesick: "the dream of wandering in the white-haired hall is the hometown heart of the old castle peak house", and even the Sichuan Road, which is as difficult as heaven, will return.
Since ancient times, it has been difficult to sigh the Shu Dao, but Zhang Chuanshan wrote the most poems about Shu Dao. "Qin Zhan is a long bird and has been in Chencang for three years." /kloc-the ladder on the 0/00-foot plank road only relies on short crutches, and he often gets a good word in times of crisis. In particular, Jiaqing's return to Sichuan in 2003 coincided with the peasant uprising in Sichuan and Shaanxi, which was full of flames. "Wildfire flies to a new battlefield, and the bones are blown off", and he wrote "Eighteen Poems of Baoji" which has been celebrated all over the world for a while. The personal experience of "Rong Yuan, who is brave in learning, travels far with a swift horse and a laser scalpel" makes this poem of great ideological and artistic value.
In 58 years, Gan Long and his wife went to Beijing to make a review of imperial academy and moved to the official vegetable garden. He is thirty years old. Guan Jing Han Lin's position is noble, but cold and deep. Hu Chuanhuai and others note "The Complete Notes on Chuanshan Poetry and Grass"
Officer, plus "sex for a living", poor. "When you land, you will camp to avoid debt, and the green dragonfly will force you to come!" The official vegetable garden is expensive, so we have to rent the official residence and move to the north half lane, and then move to Jiahutong and Hengjie. Happy poets and drinkers live near Xuannan, visiting each other and singing together. At the same time, his wife Lin is also good at painting, and the boudoir is not lonely. It's just that "the curtains will be less if they are hung for a long time." "People pity three rooms, and I love ordinary people."
I read Chuanshan's poem, and I'm glad that "Singing Hometown Tour" wrote that "Jiangnan can make guests sell their souls without visiting Qinhuai Banli Bridge", and I often sing the phrase "Dream around the old restaurant in Jiangnan", which makes me feel cordial and lively.
Before and after liberation, Zhang Chuanshan's name appeared in the research articles of A Dream of Red Mansions. The last forty chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions were continued by Gao E, that is, from Poems of Chuanshan. But Zhang Chuanshan from Zhang Yijun. Yuan Mei said that he was 80 years old and never died, so he didn't read Chuanshan's poems. Most of Chuanshan's poems take daily life as the theme, "Good poems are unreasonable", "Write your own real experience" and "True feelings are hard to hide, and a word from God will be immortal." Chuanshan's poems should be highly praised.