Why is Shandong called "Lu" instead of "Qi"

In history, the two major vassal States in Shandong, Qi, which occupies most of Shandong, are always much stronger than Lu in the south, and are mostly referred to as Qilu in ancient and modern times. As far as national strength is concerned, Qi Lu Qiang Wei; On the site, Qida Road is small; In terms of appellation, "Lu" eventually became the abbreviation of Shandong Province. The initial root cause lies in the cultural differences between Qilu and Qilu. Although Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was not as powerful as Qi, it represented the etiquette culture (Confucian culture) of Shandong and even the whole China. At the same time, its geographical location is in the south-central part of Shandong, which is superior to the northeast part of Shandong where Qi is located. Moreover, Lu is more developed in culture, and Confucius is a native of Lu, which can better represent the history and culture of Shandong. Lu was one of the vassal states of the Zhou Dynasty. The first generation monarch of Lu was his son Boqin, whose capital was Qufu, just south of Mount Tai and slightly in southern Shandong, covering a corner of Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and was the hometown of Confucius. Among the vassal states of the Zhou Dynasty, Lu was Ji's surname "Zongbang" and the vassal was "",so "Zhou is like Lu, and Lu should dress like Zhou" (in Qing Dynasty). Lu became a typical preserver and executor of Zhou Li, which is called "Zhou Li is in Lu". Rulers all over the world often study in Shandong, which is a famous country of etiquette. This close relationship between Lu and Lu made Lu the cultural center of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the pre-Qin period, Qilu, located in the north and south of Mount Tai, developed well in economy, politics and military affairs. But as far as cultural psychology is concerned, it has always been an indisputable fact that Qi people admire Lu culture and think that Lu culture is more civilized than Qi culture. The advantages and disadvantages of culture are most easily seen in cultural exchanges. Generally speaking, cultural lag should constantly learn advanced culture to enrich and improve itself. As far as Qi and Lu are concerned, Qi often learns from Lu. As we all know, Guan Zhong's reform is of vital significance for Qi to become a big country. However, Guanzhong reform has profound significance in absorbing the strengths of Shandong culture and supplementing the weaknesses of Shandong culture. An important content of Guan Zhong's political reform is to settle in the residence of four people, implement the policy of paying equal attention to scholars, agriculture, industry and commerce, and put the development of agriculture in the position of economic foundation before industry and commerce, which obviously absorbed Lu's thought of building the country by agriculture to make up for the social instability caused by Qi's heavy emphasis on commerce, fishing and salt, and women's industry over agriculture. In view of the weakness of the traditional ethics of Qi State and the backward customs, which led to the rudeness of the monarch and ministers and the confusion of the relationship between men and women, and seriously affected the social order and political stability, Guan Zhong also paid great attention to absorbing the etiquette culture of Lu and emphasized the construction of ethics. Guan Zhong is like this, and so are other ministers of Qi State. Although the State of Qi was not interested in the red tape of Confucius, after all, it had to pay attention to the rule of etiquette in Lu. For example, another famous figure of Qi, Yan Ying, once went to Lu to "ask" with him (Historical Records Qi Taigong Family); When Confucius arrived in Qi, Qi Jinggong also lost no time in asking questions about Confucius. Another example is Lu's rebellion to celebrate his father, and he wanted to attack Lu. However, some people saw that Lu still adhered to Zhou Li and thought that "Lu could not move without abandoning Zhou Li" (Zuo Zhuan was two years old). Qi people attach importance to rites and learn from Lu, showing a positive, enterprising, flexible and open side, which is certainly worthy of recognition. But it also proves that there are many places that need to be improved in Qi culture. For example, in the relationship between monarch and minister, there have been many cannibals in Qi, but the situation in Lu is much better. Lu's cultural superiority is also an important reason why the powerful Qi can never destroy Lu. Lu culture is a Confucian culture represented by Confucius, Mencius and others. This kind of culture has always had a deep influence on Shandong and even China, that is, it never stays at the material level and institutional level, but goes deep into cultural customs, that is, people's cultural psychology. Xunzi once compared the differences between Qin Jin culture and Qilu culture. Xunzi's theory of evil nature said: "Heaven is not private to Qilu people, nor to Qin people. But as far as the meaning of father and son and the difference between husband and wife are concerned, it is not as good as Qilu teaching assistant. Why? With the feelings of Qin people, peace and tranquility, slower than etiquette, is unique! " Although Xunzi is talking about "the people of Qilu" here, its essence refers to Lu culture, that is, Confucian culture. It shows that in the eyes of the first-class scholars in the pre-Qin period, the civilization degree of Lu (Confucian) culture was the highest and most representative at that time. This is why the Chinese nation finally chose the Confucian culture in Qilu culture as the core and symbol of its own culture. By the end of the Warring States period, with the basic completion of national integration and humanistic assimilation, Qilu culture gradually merged into one. Because of the cultural integration, "Qilu" formed a unified cultural circle, and the regional concept of "Qilu" was formed by the unified cultural circle. This area is roughly the same as the later Shandong provinces and regions, so it has become synonymous with Shandong. But "Lu" can finally become the abbreviation of Shandong, mainly due to Confucius. Confucius once said: "As for Lu; When Lu changed, as for Tao (The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye). It means: "once the state of qi changes, it can reach the state of Lu;" When the state of Lu changes, you can arrive in Wang Zhidao first. "It is precisely because of Confucius' strong admiration for Lu culture and the profound influence of Confucian culture rooted in Lu country on China that" Lu "became the abbreviation of Shandong. ]