? During the Qin and Han dynasties, the number of official documents increased greatly, and official documents officially became the main carrier to convey government orders and exchange information between government agencies. In this context, the Qin and Han Dynasties not only established a special official document delivery agency, but also formulated relevant laws, which stipulated the confidentiality system in the form of law and strictly controlled information disclosure by law. There was even a classification of official documents in the Han dynasty. Confidential official documents were sealed, sealed and flew, and were sealed and delivered by special personnel. In order to keep secret, the rulers of Han Dynasty attached great importance to the transmission process of official documents, demanding that as few people as possible contact with official documents, and clearly stipulated the "sequential transmission" of official documents and files. Liu Zhuang, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, once said to the officials of Shangshu who kept confidential information that "confidential information will cause harm", so when appointing confidential personnel in the Han Dynasty, they always took a fancy to their identity, that is, they must be "scholars" because the rulers thought that "scholars" were more loyal to the emperor and would not easily reveal secrets.
During the Song Dynasty, Liao, Jin and Yuan went to war with the Song Dynasty successively, and all countries tried their best to collect information about the Song Dynasty. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, the status of information security almost rose to the level related to national security. Based on this, the Song Dynasty increased the punishment for leakers. It is recorded in the course of law-clearing: "Those who are successful in engraving will have a staff of 80, and those who are involved in the enemy's situation will flow for 3,000 miles." "The four cases in the prison don't even stick the adhesive seal, each for one year. Those who have feelings and disadvantages are regarded as thieves. In other words, those who hide, discard, destroy and replace cabinet documents should be allowed to do so. " The Song Dynasty not only punished the leaker, but also rewarded the informer. Informants who report concealing or altering their certificates are true, and if the circumstances are serious, the informer will be rewarded 100 yuan, and 50 yuan will be generally rewarded in cases. Informants who send and receive documents illegally take the documents home for the night, once verified, will be rewarded with 50 yuan. In addition, the Song Dynasty also implemented a printing and engraving system, mainly prohibiting the printing and engraving of lists and strictly engraving printing. It is recorded in historical records such as "Qing Yuan Tiao Fa Shi Lei" that the Song Dynasty stipulated that important frontier defense matters should be "kept secret, but not revealed";
By the Qing Dynasty, the official document secrecy system had been perfected. It can be said that it is a masterpiece of past dynasties, and it has formed a systematic and complete secrecy system that is compatible with the system of highly centralized feudal imperial power, such as "sealing documents and passing them to the court", among which the most representative is the "secret folding system" that prevailed in Yongzheng period. The specific content of the secret folding system is to allow and encourage central and local officials with more than four products to submit secret folding directly to the Emperor. During the Yongzheng period, every government official was called by the emperor before taking office. In addition to admonishing him personally, he was given a secret box with two locks. Only the emperor and the minister with the box would have keys. When the minister presents a secret fold to the emperor, he will put the passbook in a box and give it directly to the emperor to untie himself. After the instructions, he will lock it, seal it and return it to the player. All the contents are known only to the monarch and ministers.
In addition, Yong Zhengdi also set up a military department to manage military secrets and handle the core secret events of the imperial court. Emperor Jiaqing once issued a strict order: "The military department is a place to handle central affairs and write secret orders, and strictness is the most important. The military affairs minister gave me an order to ask Zhang Jing to write for me, and there must be no omissions. " Confidential documents should be sealed and submitted after copying, and handed over to the Ministry of War after being sealed by the Minister of War. The examination papers should be sealed and recorded, and the registration files can be opened only after the task is completed. In the meantime, if there is any leakage, the relevant Zhang Jing will also be severely punished. The military office will send a supervisor on duty, and irrelevant personnel are strictly forbidden to enter.