1, an early-maturing variety takes 90-90 days from sowing to harvesting, and melons mature quickly, taking 25-30 days from female flower to maturity, which is suitable for close planting. Excellent varieties include Xin Jing, Zhengza, Zaohua and other small melon varieties.
2. Mid-mature varieties, it takes 90- 100 days from sowing to harvesting in the north, melon matures later, and it takes 30-40 days for female flowers to bloom and mature, with large plant type and strong growth. This kind of melon is big and thick, which is resistant to transportation and storage, such as Xinong R. ..
3. Late-maturing varieties, such as Kouyuu No.2, need 100- 120 days from sowing to harvest in the north, with less soft cultivation, large melon and good storage resistance. According to the purpose
Watermelon can be divided into fresh watermelon and seed watermelon. The selected watermelon varieties are mostly fresh watermelons, which are the main types of watermelon cultivation and the varieties with the highest utilization rate of heterosis. Seed melon has strong adaptability, high seed setting rate of lateral vines and extensive management, and its seed selection is the same as that of fresh watermelon. Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinzu and other provinces are the main producing areas of large melon seeds in China, mainly conventional varieties. Gansu has cultivated hybrid varieties.
According to chromosome
There are diploid, tetraploid seedless watermelon and triploid seedless watermelon.
1. The most common method of doubling diploid watermelon is to treat watermelon seeds with colchicine to make them become newly unearthed seedlings and obtain tetraploid.
2. Tetraploid watermelon is obtained by artificially inducing diploid watermelon to achieve chromosome doubling. Generally, it is only used as a parent (female parent) when triploid seedless watermelon is cultivated, and it is not used for cultivation.
3. Triploid watermelon takes diploid watermelon as the male parent. The tetraploid watermelon obtained by crossing with the female parent has the characteristics of high quality, high yield and seedless, and f 1 generation has excellent varieties such as black rice and Xin No.1.
7 main value editor
Edible
Food taboo
It is not advisable to eat more.
Yuan Pengfei's "Life Extension Book" said: northerners are generous, but they are still used to eating, while southerners are thin, and eating too much is easy to cause cholera. There is another cloud: Chen Fengyuan is a satrap in Zhou Fang. He eats too many melons in summer, and suddenly his back aches and his legs ache in autumn, so he can't move. He just eats melons. Therefore, TCM syndrome differentiation belongs to spleen and stomach deficiency cold, cold accumulation abdominal pain, frequent urination and more urine; And people who usually have chronic enteritis, gastritis, duodenal ulcer, etc. It belongs to deficiency-cold constitution and should not be eaten more. Normal and healthy people should not eat too much at one time or for a long time, because watermelon contains a lot of water, which will dilute the gastric juice in the stomach and cause indigestion or diarrhea.
Deterioration can't be eaten.
Watermelon can't be eaten after deterioration, which is easy to cause gastrointestinal diseases and diarrhea. Wei Qing and Zhang Lu said in Ben Feng Jing Yuan that watermelon is sweet in taste and cold in nature, which can stop diarrhea. Its nature is benevolence and warmth, and clearing phlegm and promoting fluid production is its nature. He also quoted the cloud in Xiang Gan Zhi: After eating watermelon, I ate my son, that is, I didn't smell the melon, so I can see the merits of warming and dispersing. Those who eat too many fruits and vegetables and have abdominal pain caused by cold accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract can take Lizhong decoction for treatment. Although watermelon is good for people, please remember the folk proverb in Taiwan Province Province: Eat watermelon every day and get sick in the middle of the night.
diabetic
Watermelon contains about 5% sugar, mainly glucose, sucrose and some fructose, which means eating watermelon will increase blood sugar. Normal people can keep their blood sugar and urine sugar at a normal level because they can secrete insulin in time. People with diabetes are different. Eating too much watermelon in a short time will not only increase blood sugar, but also lead to acidosis and even life-threatening due to metabolic disorder. The daily intake of carbohydrates (carbohydrates) by diabetics needs to be strictly controlled. Therefore, if you eat watermelon many times a day, you should reduce the amount of meals and flour products (carbohydrates) accordingly, so as not to aggravate your illness.
Renal insufficiency
In patients with renal insufficiency, the function of expelling water from the body is greatly reduced, so edema of lower limbs or whole body often occurs. If this kind of patients eat too much watermelon, they will consume too much water and can't excrete excess water in time, which will lead to excessive water storage in the body and increased blood volume, which will not only aggravate edema, but also easily induce acute heart failure. Therefore, patients with renal insufficiency should eat less or not eat watermelon.
Early stage of cold
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that both wind-cold colds and wind-heat colds belong to exterior syndrome in the early stage, and should be treated according to syndrome differentiation. It is believed that the attack will aggravate the condition before the surface is solved. Watermelon has the function of clearing away heat. Eating watermelon at this time will aggravate the cold or prolong the course of disease.
Patients with oral ulcer
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that oral ulcer is caused by internal heat due to yin deficiency and disturbance of deficiency fire. Because watermelon has diuretic effect. If people with oral ulcers eat more watermelons, the water needed for the recovery of oral ulcers will be discharged too much, which will aggravate the internal heat due to yin deficiency, lengthen the course of disease and make it difficult to heal.
lying-in woman
Maternal physique is relatively weak, Chinese medicine believes that eating more watermelon will be too cold and damage the spleen and stomach.
Not suitable for eating before and after meals.
Because a lot of water in watermelon will dilute the digestive juice in the stomach, eating watermelon before and after meals will affect the digestion and absorption of food. Eating a lot of watermelon before meals will occupy the volume of the stomach and greatly reduce the intake of various nutrients during meals, especially for children, pregnant women and lactating mothers. For people who want to lose weight by dieting, eating watermelon before meals is a good way to reduce their food intake.
It is not advisable to eat too much.
Because watermelon belongs to "cold food", anyone who eats too much will hurt the spleen and stomach, leading to poor appetite, indigestion, decreased gastrointestinal resistance, and abdominal distension and diarrhea.
Eat less iced watermelons.
Although eating iced watermelon on a hot day has a good effect of relieving summer heat, it is very irritating to the stomach and is easy to harm the spleen and stomach, so we should pay attention to grasping the delicious temperature and quantity. Watermelon is best placed on the lowest floor of the refrigerator, where the temperature is about 8- 10℃, and the temperature is also the best. Don't eat more than 500 grams of watermelon at a time. Chew slowly. For people with dental caries (tooth decay) and tooth allergies, they will feel sour and painful after catching a cold, and people with poor gastrointestinal function are not suitable for eating iced watermelons.
You can't eat it if you open it for too long.
After the weather is high, it is suitable for bacterial reproduction. If you eat watermelon that has been polluted by germs for too long, it will lead to gastrointestinal infectious diseases. Therefore, when eating watermelon, we should pay attention to choosing ripe fresh watermelon. [6]
Edible method
Watermelon snow bubble
1. Dig out 10 small watermelon balls with a spherical spoon, put them on a plate and freeze them in the refrigerator for 2 hours.
2. Peel and seed the remaining watermelon, cut it into small pieces, put it in a blender, add orange juice and light cream, cover it and stir at high speed 15 seconds until it is completely mixed.
3. Put the frozen pumpkin ball into the cup and pour in the beaten juice.
Watermelon litchi slush beverage
1. Watermelon is peeled for meat, litchi is peeled and pitted, and litchi meat is taken out for later use.
2. Put the watermelon meat, litchi meat and fine sugar into a food processor and stir well. Pour it into the ice-making mold and put it in the refrigerator for about 3 hours until the liquid freezes and forms.
3. Put the ice cubes into the food processor again, beat them into slush, and put them into a cup to drink.
Watermelon cream smoothie
1. Cut watermelon pulp into pieces, remove seeds, and put it into a blender to stir for several times to form a solid-liquid mixture for later use.
2. Whip the whipped cream. Use a planer to make ice cubes into smoothies, mix them with watermelon juice, put them in a prepared container, squeeze in fresh cream, and finally sprinkle some strawberry jam.
Watermelon is the most natural natural drink, which is rich in nutrition and has many benefits to human body. However, although watermelon has many advantages, the side effects of large or long-term consumption can not be ignored. Wang Mingying said in "Edible Materia Medica": Watermelon is cold and antipyretic, and it has the name of natural white tiger soup, but it is not suitable to eat more. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica said: Watermelon and melon are both cold, which is thought by the common people to be a quick way to remove dew, but I don't know the harm of damaging the spleen and helping dampness.
nutritive value
Watermelon can be called "the king of summer", which is cool and refreshing, sweet and juicy, and is a good fruit in summer. Watermelon contains a lot of glucose, malic acid, fructose, protein amino acids, lycopene and rich vitamin C besides fat and cholesterol. It is a kind of food with high nutrition, high purity and safe eating. The sugar content of pulp is generally 5 ~ 12%, including glucose, fructose and sucrose. The sweetness increased with the increase of sucrose in the late mature stage. The sugar, protein and trace salt contained in watermelon can reduce blood fat and soften blood vessels, and it is also effective in treating cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension. Watermelon frost is made of watermelon peel and seed shell, and can be used for treating aphtha, oral carbuncle, dental carbuncle and acute pharyngolaryngitis. Watermelon peel, pulp and seeds can be eaten and used medicinally.
Watermelon pulp: protein, glucose, sucrose, fructose, malic acid, citrulline, glutamic acid, arginine, phosphoric acid, lysine, propionic acid, ethylene glycol, betaine, adenine, sucrose, carotene, tomato hydrocarbon, hexahydrotomato hydrocarbon, vitamins A, B and C. The volatile components contain various aldehydes. Watermelon pulp contains citrulline and arginine, which can increase the formation of urea in rat liver and lead to diuresis. It has the effects of clearing away heat, relieving summer-heat, quenching thirst, promoting diuresis, and relieving alcoholic toxicity, and can be used for treating various heat, summer-heat polydipsia, dysuria, sore throat, oral inflammation, and drunkenness.
Watermelon seed: contains fatty oil, protein, vitamin B2, starch, pentosan, propionic acid, urea, sucrose, etc. Has the effects of clearing away lung heat and moistening lung, regulating middle warmer, quenching thirst and promoting digestion, and can be used for treating hematemesis and chronic cough. Seed shells are used to treat blood and dysentery caused by intestinal wind. Seeds contain a soap-like ingredient, which has the functions of lowering blood pressure and relieving acute cystitis.
Seed kernel (embryo): It has the functions of clearing lung-heat, moistening intestine, regulating middle energizer and quenching thirst, and is an important medicine for treating stagnation of intestine, stomach and spleen.
Watermelon skin: Chinese medicine calls it "watermelon Cui Yi". It has the effects of clearing away heat, relieving summer heat, purging fire, relieving vexation and lowering blood pressure. It has certain curative effect on anemia, dry throat, cleft lip, cystitis, liver ascites and nephritis. In addition, because watermelon skin is rich in vitamins C and E, it can be used to wipe the skin or mashed and applied to the skin. After being treated with 10 ~ 15 minutes, it can be washed with water, and has the functions of nourishing, rejuvenating, beautifying and preventing furuncle. Fresh watermelon peel can be used as a side dish after pickling. [7]
Nutritional components of watermelon per100g:
project
numerical value
unit
heat quantity
25
kilocalorie
protein
0.6
Scold or fight?
fat
0. 1
Scold or fight?
carbohydrate
5.8
Scold or fight?
dietary fibre
0.3
Scold or fight?
vitamin A
75
microgram
renieratene
450
microgram
Vitamin B 1
0.02
milligram (mg)
vitamin B2
0.03
milligram (mg)
nicotinic acid
0.2
milligram (mg)
vitamin C
six
milligram (mg)
tocopherol
0. 1
milligram (mg)
calcium (Ca)
eight
milligram (mg)
phosphorus (P)
nine
milligram (mg)
potassium
87
milligram (mg)
natrium
3.2
milligram (mg)
magnesium
eight
milligram (mg)
iron
0.3
milligram (mg)
zinc (Zn)
0. 1
milligram (mg)
selenium
0. 17
microgram
copper
0.05
milligram (mg)
manganese
0.05
milligram (mg)
Maternity welfare
Watermelon contains not only water, but also carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid, protein, sugar, crude fiber, inorganic salts, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other substances.
Pregnant women often eat watermelon during pregnancy, which can not only supplement the nutritional consumption in the body, but also make the nutritional intake of the fetus better satisfied. Eating some watermelons at the beginning of pregnancy can quench thirst and relieve boredom, which has a good effect on stopping vomiting. At the end of pregnancy, pregnant women often have different degrees of edema and elevated blood pressure. Eating watermelon regularly can not only induce diuresis and reduce swelling, but also lower blood pressure, which is also good for pregnant women's health. Watermelon can also increase the secretion of milk, so it is beneficial for pregnant women to eat watermelon.
Eating watermelon before and after delivery can treat and correct anemia in pregnant women. For example, pregnant women who give birth in midsummer often eat watermelon to prevent heatstroke and cool down. Watermelon contains sugar, which can replenish energy and protect the liver. During childbirth, many parturients (pregnant women) have mental stress, prolonged labor, blood loss and sweating, general weakness, weakened gastrointestinal peristalsis, loss of appetite, constipation and other phenomena. At this time, eating watermelon can not only replenish water, increase the intake of sugar, protein, inorganic salts, vitamins and other nutrients, stimulate intestinal peristalsis, promote defecation, but also increase milk secretion, which is helpful to the wound healing of postpartum women. [8]
Medicinal value
It is said that citrulline and arginine in melon meat can promote the formation of urea in rat liver, which leads to diuresis.
Sexual taste
Sweet and cold.
① Daily herbs: sweet, cold and non-toxic.
(2) "Eating soon: sweet, flat and non-toxic.
3 outline: sweet and light in taste, cold and non-toxic.
4 "herbal update": sweet in taste and cool in nature.
Meridian tropism
Into the heart, stomach and bladder.
① "Sorbus pohuashanensis liquid": Starting from Taiyin lung, Foot Taiyang bladder meridian and Foot Yangming stomach meridian.
2 "Materia Medica Seeking Truth": into the pericardium and stomach.
(3) Essential drugs and dispensing: entering the spleen meridian.
4 "Herbal rejuvenation": into the heart, liver and lungs.
Functional indication
Clearing heat and relieving summer heat, quenching thirst and benefiting water, treating summer heat and polydipsia, excessive heat and body fluid injury, and unfavorable urination; Sore throat, aphtha.
① Herbs for daily use: relieving summer-heat, quenching thirst, relaxing middle energizer, promoting diuresis and treating bloody dysentery.
(2) "Eating and drinking desire": quenching thirst, treating vexation and detoxifying.
3 "Danxi Heart Method": For patients with aphtha, drink slowly with watermelon pulp.
④ Herbal Medicine of Southern Yunnan: Treating various fevers and stagnation of phlegm and qi.
⑤ Wang Ying's Edible Materia Medica: Treating sore throat. [9]
Beauty efficacy
1, watermelon juice also contains many important chemical components beneficial to health and beauty. It contains amino acids with skin physiological activity such as citrulline, alanine, glutamic acid, arginine, malic acid and phosphoric acid, as well as important metabolic components and nutritional components such as adenine, sugar, vitamins and minerals. These components of watermelon are most easily absorbed by the skin, and have good moisturizing, sunscreen and whitening effects on facial skin. Method: Wipe your face with melon juice, or cut off the green skin outside the watermelon and slice the white skin inside together. 15 minutes.
2. Because watermelon has diuretic effect and high water content, the amount of urination will increase after eating watermelon, thus reducing the content of bile pigment and making the stool unobstructed, which has a certain effect on treating jaundice. In addition, the diuretic effect of watermelon can also excrete salt and reduce edema, especially leg edema. Watermelon is a natural leg-beautifying fruit for women whose legs are numb and swollen after sitting in front of the computer for a long time.
3. Watermelon is rich in potassium, which can quickly replenish potassium easily lost with sweat in summer, avoid muscle weakness and fatigue caused by it, and drive away burnout. Potassium is also one of the essential elements for beautiful legs. Eating watermelon and drinking watermelon juice often will get beautiful legs.
4. Fresh watermelon juice and smooth melon skin can increase skin elasticity, reduce wrinkles and add luster. Crush watermelon meat in a bowl, and then filter out the juice, which is a natural toner. Use as lotion before makeup every morning and evening, refreshing and not irritating. Persistence can make your face better and your makeup lasting and bright. Leftover watermelon juice can be stored in the refrigerator and will not deteriorate within three days, which is often suitable for people with sensitive skin.
5. Eating watermelon often can also make your hair beautiful and thick, and people with dry hair due to perm can eat more.
8 life common sense editor
western
5. There are three ways to choose high-quality ripe watermelon: look, touch and knock. A look at it is to look at the skin color of watermelon. There is a bend in the ripe melon, and then there is a root in the handle, which is different in color. You should choose the one with deep melon lines and light green skin. The surface is fuzzy, dim, mottled and unclear, and it is an immature melon. The second touch is smooth and round to the touch, not astringent to the touch. Three times means knocking on the top. If there is obvious vibration on the hand, it means that the pulp is vibrating and the watermelon is ripe. When you knock on the melon, the melon has a light floating feeling, and when you knock on the melon, the watermelon has a sound. Listen to the sound when picking melons. Knock on the melon with your fingers and hear a "bang", which is a ripe melon; Those who hear the sound of "Dangdang" are not ripe, and those who hear the sound of "poop-poop" are ripe melons. [ 1 1]
Stop. Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty pointed out in Compendium of Materia Medica: Watermelon is also called cold melon. "Tao Hongjing (Southern and Northern Dynasties) notes that there is a big cold melon in Yongjia (Huaidi Year), which can be hidden until the sound of spring, that is, this is also. Five generations ago, melon seeds had entered eastern Zhejiang, but they did not have the name of watermelon and did not spread throughout China. " "The Legend of Teng Tan Gong" said that Tan Gong was "five years old, and his mother Yang suffered from fever, thinking about eating cold melons, and the local customs were not productive. It's sad that I can't get visitors through the calendar. I met a Sangmen and asked him why, so I was ready to tell him. Sang Men said, "I have two melons, one for each person." I am also surprised by my mother. I am looking for Sang Men, and I don't know where it is. In the Tang Dynasty, Volume 19 of Youyang Za recorded the poem Hangyuan written by Yin Hou (Shen Yue): "Cold melons lie on the long side, and autumn pu is full of bitterness. Purple eggplant rotten, green taro uneven. "Speaking of the melon lying in the poem, it is in line with watermelon. In addition, in old Beijing, watermelons listed first are called "watermelons", and those listed later are called "cold melons". Today, I visited the old farmer and said that late-maturing watermelons are indeed called "cold melons". The above documents seem to confirm Li Shizhen's statement. But it seems that Li Shizhen's statement has not attracted people's attention for hundreds of years. 1976, watermelon seeds were found in the silt of the Western Han Tomb in Gui County, Guangxi. 1980, watermelon seeds were found in the lacquer warehouse of Han tomb in Hanjiang County, the western suburb of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. The owner of the tomb died three years before Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty (7 1 year). This irrefutably proves the reliability of Li Shizhen's record.
Watermelon, as its name implies, is a melon from the western regions. Five dynasties ago, it was not called watermelon because it had been introduced to the southeast coastal areas of China. Because of its cold and antipyretic nature, it was called cold melon. Therefore, it seems doubtful that watermelon was introduced into China from the Western Regions. So, how did it enter China? Presumably, it was introduced into China by the Maritime Silk Road. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once sent "translators" to raise businessmen, take silk and go to western countries by boat. The ship set sail from Leizhou Peninsula, sailed along the west coast of Beibu Gulf and the coast of Vietnam, bypassed the southern tip of Vietnam, then went south along the coast of Malay Peninsula along Siam Bay, arrived in Singapore, turned west, crossed the Straits of Malacca and arrived in the country along the Bay of Bengal. " Chinese-English translation has paid off since then (Hanshu Geography); This sea route is the so-called "Maritime Silk Road". Where is the "no country" today? Most scholars think it is Sri Lanka, while others say it is Abyssinia in eastern Africa. No matter which statement is correct, it shows that the sea passage of China-Africa traffic has been opened in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Because in the Han dynasty, Arabs had mastered the secret of the Indian Ocean trade winds and were able to sail through the Indian Ocean from east to west. In this way, it is entirely possible for Sri Lanka and Nanyang Islands to become transit points between China and Africa. Watermelons from Africa can be introduced into China through Sri Lanka or Nanyang Islands. Watermelon seeds unearthed from Han tombs in Guangxi and Jiangsu are evidence of non-cultural communication in maritime Silk Road communication.
In addition, according to Guangming Daily on February 24th 1959, watermelon seeds were also found in the Neolithic site of Shuitianfan in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. If this archaeological harvest is really reliable, the history of watermelon in China is at least 4000 years, and the saying that watermelon originated in Africa is another matter. [ 12]