Liu Zongyuan (AD 773-AD 8 19165438+1October 28), a native of Hedong (now Yongji area in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), was one of the eight famous writers, philosophers, essayists and thinkers in the Tang Dynasty, and was called "Liu Hedong" by the world. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu are called Liu Han, Liu Yuxi is called Liu Liu, and Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Wuying are called Wang Meng. [2]
Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements in writing were greater than poems. There are nearly a hundred parallel essays, and the essays are rational, sharp and ironic. There are many places where scenery is written in travel notes, including Mr. Hedong's collected works, and his representative works are Xiju, Jiang Xue and Fisherman [3][4].
Liu's former residence is located in Wenxing Village, Qinshui County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province. It was built by Liu Zongyuan's adherents and is a national scenic spot. [5]
Ceng Gong (10 19 September 30-1083 April 30), a native of Jiangyou, [1] was born in Nanfeng (now Nanfeng County, Jiangxi Province) and later lived in Linchuan, a writer, historian and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Ceng Gong's grandfather Zeng Zhiyao and his father Zeng Yizhan were both famous ministers in the Northern Song Dynasty. Ceng Gong is brilliant and has an excellent memory. When he was young, he read poetry books, blurted them out and recited them. /kloc-at the age of 0/2, he may become a writer. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar and was a member of the Taiping government judicial army. He is famous for his understanding of laws and regulations and proper sentencing. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was a proofreader of A Record of Song Yingzong, and was soon released to Yuezhou. After five years in Xining (1072), he successively served in qi zhou, Xiangzhou, Hongzhou, Fuzhou, Mingzhou, Bozhou and Cangzhou. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng (108 1), he was appointed as a historian, edited and renovated the courtyard, and sentenced the Taichang Hall as a ritual. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), he died in jiangning house (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and Wen Ding, posthumous title. [2]
Ceng Gong, who is honest, diligent and concerned about people's livelihood, and Zeng Zhao, Ceng Bu, Zeng Yi, Zeng Xie and Zeng Dun are also called "Nanfeng Seven Zeng". Ceng Gong's literary achievements are outstanding, and his works are "quaint, straight and harmonious", ranking among the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and being praised as "Mr. Nanfeng" by the world.
Wang Anshi (102 1 year 18 February 18- 1086 May 2 1 day), whose real name is Fu Jie, is from the Mid-Levels. Linchuan people in Fuzhou. A famous thinker, politician, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty. [ 1]
Li Qing two years (1042), Wang Anshi Jinshi. He has successively signed judges in Yangzhou, magistrate in Yinxian and judge in Zhou Shu, and achieved remarkable results. In the second year of Xining (1069), he served as a political commissar, met with the Prime Minister the following year and presided over the political reform. Because of the opposition of the old school, Xining went on strike for seven years (1074). A year later, Song Shenzong was put into use again and retired to Jiangning. In the first year of Yuan You (1086), the Conservative Party gained power and all the new laws were abolished. Yu Ran died in Zhongshan and was posthumously given to a teacher. Shao Shengyuan (1094) was named "Wen", so he was called Wang Wengong.
Wang Anshi devoted himself to the study of Confucian classics, wrote books and set forth opinions, initiated the "New Learning in Gong Jing" and promoted the formation of the style of study in the Song Dynasty. Philosophically, he expounded the formation of the universe with the theory of "five elements", which enriched and developed the thoughts of China and ancient naive materialism. His philosophical proposition of "dividing the old from the new" pushed China's ancient dialectics to a new height.
In literature, Wang Anshi made outstanding achievements. His prose is concise, short and pithy, with clear arguments, strict logic and strong persuasiveness, which gives full play to the practical functions of ancient Chinese prose and ranks among the "eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems are "thin but difficult to learn from Du Fu" and good at reasoning. In his later years, his poetic style was subtle, profound and simple, and he was unique in the poetic style of the Northern Song Dynasty, and was known as "Wang Ti" in the world. His poems are full of nostalgia and nostalgia, with broad artistic conception and simple images, creating a unique emotional world for literati. There are Wang Linchuan Collection and Linchuan Collection.
Ouyang Xiu (65438+August 20071-1September 22, 072) was born in Mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan) and Yongfeng, Luling, Jizhou (now Yongfeng County, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province) [2].
Song Renzong Tiansheng eight years (1030), Ouyang Xiu was a scholar, experienced Renzong, Yingzong and Zongshen dynasties, and was a bachelor of Hanlin, a Tang dynasty, and participated in the discussion of state affairs. After his death, he gave it to a duke named Chu. posthumous title was called "Wenzhong", so he was called Ouyang Wenzhong.
Ouyang Xiu was the earliest literary leader who created a generation of literary style in the literary history of Song Dynasty. He, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong are also called "eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", and Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi are also called "four masters of literature through the ages". [3] He led the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty, and inherited and developed Han Yu's ancient prose theory. His high achievements in prose creation and his correct theory of ancient prose complement each other, thus creating a generation of writing style. Ouyang Xiu not only changed the style of writing, but also innovated the style of poetry. In historiography, there are also high achievements. [3] He once specialized in "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty" and independently wrote "The History of the New Five Dynasties". There is a collection of works handed down from ancient times by Ouyang Wenzhong.
Su Shi (103765438+1October 8th-1August 24th), whose real names are Zi Zhan and He Zhong, was called Tieguanyin, Dongpo Jushi and Su Xian, [1] [2].
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi was a scholar. Song Shenzong worked in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to be the permanent assistant ambassador of Huangzhou because of Wutai poetry case. After Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, he served as a bachelor of Hanlin, a bachelor of reading and a minister of rites, and was well known in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In his later years, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the ruling of the New Party. Song Huizong was granted amnesty and returned to the north, where he died. Song Gaozong posthumously awarded a surname; Song Xiaozong pursues "Wen Zhong" [4]. [6]
Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. Vertical and horizontal text; Poetry has a wide range of themes, fresh and healthy, uses exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. Ci is an uninhibited school, and Xin Qiji is the representative of the uninhibited school, also known as "Su Xin" [4]; Prose writing is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi's good book, one of Song Sijia; He is good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood.
His works include Seven Chapters of Dongpo, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu, Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas, Ancient Wood and Strange Stone Atlas, etc.
Su Zhe (1March 03918 [1]-12 years 10 years1October 25 [2]), with the word Zi. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. A writer and prime minister in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Zhedeng was the first scholar, the first secretary of the provincial school and the military attache of Shangzhou. In Song Shenzong, he was promoted to stay in Henan because he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. Since then, he has cooperated with Zhang, Wen Yanbo and others. After Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, he served as a remonstrator, remonstrator, right minister and assistant minister in the DPRK. After Zhezong became a pro-politician, he was demoted to Ruzhou several times because he wrote a letter to persuade others. Cai Jing, the prime minister, came to power, and went down to seek medical treatment, so he took Dr. Taizhong as an official and built a house in Xuzhou. In the second year of Zheng He (112), Su Zhe died at the age of 74, studying for a bachelor's degree in Ming Temple, and then practicing medicine in Feng Xuan. When Song Gaozong was tired, he gave it to a surname and Wei Guogong, and when Song Xiaozong was chasing Wen Ding.
Su Zhe, his father Su Xun and his brother Su Shi are collectively called "Three Sus" [4]. Influenced by his father and brother, his life knowledge is famous for his prose, and he is good at political theory and historical theory. Su Shi said that his prose is "Wang Yang's wandering, with songs and sighs, and outstanding spirit is indispensable". [5] His poems try to catch up with Su Shi, with unpretentious style and poor literary talent. Su Zhe is also good at calligraphy, which is chic, neat and orderly. Author of Luan City Collection.
Su Xun (1May 22, 2009-1May 2, 00661066), whose real name was Ming Yun, whose real name was Lao Quan, [1][2] Han nationality, was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan). Writers of the Northern Song Dynasty, together with their sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, are world-famous for their literature, known as the "Three Soviets" in the world, and both of them are included in the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".
Su Xun is good at prose, especially at political theory, with clear exposition and vigorous writing style. He wrote 20 volumes of Jia and 3 volumes of Interpretation of the Law, all of which were handed down to the world together with Biography of the History of Song Dynasty. [3]
Han Yu (65438+768-February 25th, 824) was born in Heyang, Henan Province (now mengzhou city, Henan Province). He called himself "County King Changli" and was called "Han Changli" and "Mr. Changli". Officials, writers, thinkers and philosophers in the middle Tang Dynasty.
In the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), Han Yu won the top prize, was promoted twice, and was tired of supervising the imperial history. Later, he was demoted to Yangshan for deliberation and served as foreign minister, historian and China calligrapher. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), he became the marching Sima of Pei Du, the prime minister, and participated in the fight against the "Huaixi Rebellion". Later, he was demoted to Chaozhou for admonishing the Buddha's bones. In his later years, the official to the assistant minister of the official department was called the "Korean official department". In the fourth year of Changqing (824), Han Yu died at the age of 57, and was posthumously awarded The Book of Rites by posthumous title, hence the name "Han Wengong". In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), Changlibo was posthumously sealed to worship the Confucius Temple. [ 1]
Han Yu was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and was honored by later generations as the first of the "eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties". He and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Han", and they are known as "great writers" and "one hundred generations of literators". Later generations, together with Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi, are also called "the four great writers of the ages". His prose writing theories, such as "the unity of literature and Taoism", "vigorous words and appropriate expressions", "doing good deeds" and "acting according to words", have important guiding significance for future generations. There is an anthology handed down from generation to generation by Han Changli.