Guide: No matter where you do business, it is always beneficial to know the local customs and complex cultural etiquette. Every country has its own unique folk culture, and its people also have their own unique social ways. Below I will sort out the business etiquette of various countries for you, hoping to help you!
The best time to do business with Filipino businessmen in Southeast Asia is from June 5438+00, when the temperature is relatively good, to May of the following year. You should make an appointment in advance and arrive at the negotiation place on time. Cosmetics should be conservative, and traditional suits are more suitable. They attach importance to Christmas, Easter and Spring Festival. Making good use of these festivals is also a good time to do business. If you can't make good use of these festivals, you can also avoid them for business activities. In business negotiations, we should be patient and meticulous, especially when discussing contracts item by item. Filipino businessmen often play digital games and calculate the fees by percentage to avoid making mistakes.
In business negotiations, Bangladeshis attach great importance to human responsibility. In order to determine everyone's responsibility more accurately, they often have to write down written evidence. They should discuss the concept, quantity, quality, price and delivery date accurately and clearly. Once there is ambiguity, it will arouse their vigilance, and there may be twists and turns or even ruin. If you can negotiate in fluent English, you will be respected and valued by Bangladeshis, because they will think that you are well educated, high-level and knowledgeable. Yugala people like to give gifts for every good thing, such as birthday, promotion, going abroad, changing careers and so on. They all like people to send them some flowers and small gifts to congratulate them.
Indonesians attach great importance to business cards, so in business activities, they should prepare business cards, and guests should take the initiative to give them to their hosts. Business cards should be printed in English. Keep your voice down, be gentle and humble when negotiating. Pay special attention to feelings for public servants. Be sure to bring gifts when you visit, especially fruits and cosmetics. If someone gives you a gift, accept it, but don't open it to your face. In general, visits are made in advance. Don't barge in suddenly. Don't enter the house unless the owner allows you. Before entering the house, leave your umbrella, hat, crutches and other things at the door and wash your feet. After entering the room, listen to the instructions of the host and don't sit casually. When you visit, you must choose the right time. First, don't disturb others. Second, don't disturb the religious activities of various believers. Indonesians like banquets in business activities, but it is best to pay attention to the same grade when returning invitations.
When dealing with Thais, the more modest you are, the better, and they can cooperate with you well. In addition, for business activities in Thailand, it is best to carry traveler's checks and pay with little or no cash. When visiting a local family, if you find a Buddhist altar in the room, you should immediately take off your shoes, socks and hat.
In India, when visiting a company or government agency for the first time, it is advisable to wear a suit, make an appointment in advance, and try to be punctual. Indian businessmen are good at making profits, eager for quick success and instant benefit, and like to do business with samples. They should show more samples in the negotiations and introduce economic varieties widely. Business negotiations often need careful study and take a long time. At the same time, in some business negotiations, they will think that people with more money or good popularity should pay the bill, right? Is it logical? Things.
In Singapore, it is common to entertain each other in business contacts. Be punctual when you are invited to an appointment. Being late will leave a very bad impression. If you can't arrive in time, you must inform the other party in advance to show respect. Singapore officials don't accept social banquets, so be careful when handling them.
In business negotiations with the Philippines, we should give a clear answer to the unreasonable demands made by the other side, and we should not be vague. During the election period, it is forbidden to drink alcohol and to sell alcohol in shops.
Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Bangladesh and other countries are major countries that believe in Islam. Anyone who believes in Islam should avoid eating pork, using pigskin products and talking about pigs. Don't like the number 13? I don't like people taking pictures, patting themselves on the back and seeing others give thumbs up. It is forbidden to take things, throw things or send things with your left hand, let alone eat or drink with your left hand. Nodding one's head indicates disapproval. Muslims in Southeast Asia are no exception.
Countries that believe in Buddhism, such as India, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, etc. Believe in cows, especially bulls and buffaloes. So when you meet a cow, avoid it and don't hurt it. It is forbidden to hang pants on people's heads and make irresponsible remarks about Buddha. I think peacocks are unlucky animals, and I don't like peacock patterns either. It is forbidden to bring shoes into the house, so you should pay special attention to this when you are going to be a guest. Don't eat the meat of animals such as elephants, tigers, lions, horses, cats, snakes and turtles. Don't cross people who are sitting or lying down. Men and women are not allowed to hold hands in public, women are not allowed to touch monks, and they are not allowed to sit next to them. Never put your hands on your hips or touch other people's heads and shoulders. Don't cross your arms when standing. When greeting people, palms down and fingers swing up and down. Don't peek at the master's bedroom and kitchen, and ask the master's permission to go to the toilet. Don't cross your legs, especially don't point your feet at others. When chatting, don't involve politics and religion.
Japan
Japanese people usually bow when they meet. It is advisable for familiar people to bow to each other for two or three seconds when they meet; If you meet a good friend, you will bend over a little longer; When you meet people with higher social status and elders, you have to wait for the other person to look up, and sometimes even bow a few times. They also shake hands in social situations. Take off your shoes before you enter a Japanese house, but you don't have to take off your shoes in a western-style house. Get ready to exchange business cards. Don't call me by my first name. Only family members and very close friends can be called by their first names. Call each other? Mr. so-and-so? When, just after his last name? Three? Words. Whether it is a business appointment or a social appointment, you should arrive on time. Japanese businessmen often invite their business partners to banquets, which are almost always held in hotels or nightclubs in Japan. They are very abundant and often last for several hours.
It is rare to entertain guests in private homes. If you really go to a Japanese home, take off your hat and gloves as soon as you come in, and then take off your shoes. It is a habit to bring presents to the hostess. If the Japanese give you a gift, thank him, but don't accept it until he insists on giving it again and again. When you receive a gift, you should hold it with both hands.
Japanese people like to be given gifts. Gifts should be wrapped in soft-colored paper, without circular decorative knots. They especially like brandy and frozen steak. Pairs of gifts are considered as symbols of good luck, so buttons on shirt cuffs and matching pens and pencils are particularly popular.
Most Japanese believe in Shinto (Japan's inherent religion, that is, worship the ancestors of the emperor, the gods and the Great Shinto) and Mahayana Buddhism; what's up No food after noon? Teaching vision. They don't like purple, and think purple is a sad tone; Most taboo green, think green is an ominous color. They are especially afraid of giving gifts? 9? Will mistake you for a robber. Still taboo three people together? Take a group photo? . They think it is an unfortunate omen to be caught between people on the left and right.
Japanese people have many taboos about sending flowers. Don't send lotus flowers, they are wary of chrysanthemums or things that decorate flowers. The Japanese hate things decorated with foxes and badgers. They think it's a fox? Greed? And then what? Cunning? Badger? Cunning? . They are afraid of touching other people's bodies and think it is impolite. They dare not give them containers full of things to reuse; Avoid putting hot water into washing water; Taboo to cut nails at night; Avoid washing things to dry at night; Don't sleep or lie with your head facing north. Japanese people generally don't want to ask their friends what to buy, because it's impolite, and it's impolite for you to evaluate what your friends buy cheaply.
There are many taboos for Japanese to use chopsticks: avoid inserting chopsticks into rice, thinking it means offering sacrifices to the dead; Avoid licking chopsticks with your tongue, which is considered extremely unsightly; Avoid using chopsticks and eating with food in between, thinking that this should not be an appropriate move at the table; Don't use chopsticks to pick up food from dishes, thinking it is a bad habit; Don't use chopsticks to move one dish without eating, and then move another dish, thinking that this picky behavior will make people laugh; Avoid putting chopsticks horizontally on the plate, thinking that it will remind people of unfortunate things; Avoid using chopsticks to find food upstream of the table, which is considered to be a sign of lack of education; Don't use the same pair of chopsticks to let everyone take turns to pick up food, because it will remind people of the scene of passing on the bone colonization of the deceased in the Buddhist cremation ceremony.
South Korea
South Korea is a country of etiquette, especially when shaking hands with an elder, you should gently put your left hand on his right hand. ? what's up With what? No? Make it clear. On sunny days, the national flag is lowered at night, and people in the streets and offices stand together to sing the national anthem.
? Four? Pronunciation, pinyin and? Die? The words are exactly the same and are considered unlucky. There is a surname Li in North Korea, but it must not be said? Eighteen sons? Lee, because in Korean? Eighteen sons? Never say anything similar to obscenity in front of women, otherwise it will be considered as intentional insult.
According to Korean business etiquette, it is advisable to wear a conservative suit. Business activities and visits must be conducted in advance. Koreans are punctual when dealing with foreigners. It is best to hold business cards in English and Korean, which can be printed quickly in the local area. Business people are familiar with English, while old people are familiar with Chinese. Decisions are made at the highest level. Take off your shoes when you enter the host's house or restaurant. They attach great importance to reception in business contacts. Banquets are usually held in restaurants or bars, and their wives are rarely present. Banquets and receptions are very frequent. When the meal is served, all the dishes are served immediately. When visiting a Korean home, it is best to bring some flowers or small gifts and give them to the host with both hands. The host will not open the gift in front of the guests.
The taste is light, and I don't like greasy food, but I especially like spicy food. They usually eat roast, steamed, fried, fried, fried, soup, spicy dishes and soup, all of which are indispensable. Seoul's local products include wall decoration and Shenlai (Korean kimchi impregnation).
Koreans have regulations for the elderly, which must be strictly observed. They show respect for their elders in social communication and daily life. For example, when you sit with your elders, you always keep a certain posture and never dare to take it lightly; If you want to smoke, you must first get the permission of your elders; Never move chopsticks in front of the elderly when eating; Children will never eat faster than their parents, nor will they leave their seats earlier than their parents. Koreans never speak ill of their elders, let alone criticize them behind their backs.
Some people are used to saluting once when they say a word, and they often salute 5-6 times before breaking up to show their goodwill. Men greet each other, bow and shake hands, either with their hands or with their right hands, and only nod once. Women don't usually shake hands with people.
Koreans don't laugh loudly at any meeting. A woman covers her mouth with her hand when she smiles. South Korea does not talk about women's liberation. Men walk in front of the door, and men in charming women take off their coats. Koreans attach great importance to daily etiquette. When several people are together, the number of seats should be arranged according to their status and age. People with high status, status and age are at the top of the table, while others sit sideways at the lower level. When men and women sit together, they must be men above and women below. When they want to smoke, they always ask the people at the same table:? Can I smoke?
Koreans attach great importance to the impression of their trading partners. In business negotiations, if they can abide by their own way of life, their affection for you will be doubled. Don't eat while eating. They don't think they can make any noise when eating.
Koreans are proud of their long-standing culture, so they have to take off their shoes when entering a residence or restaurant. When they get along, they should talk less about local politics and more about Korean culture and art. ..
According to Korean regulations, passengers can carry 200 cigarettes (or 50 cigars, or half-length tobacco) and 2 bottles of wine each time they enter the customs. Won is forbidden to be taken out of the country. Foreign currency is not limited, but the amount must be declared when entering the customs, and it can be taken out when leaving the customs. Taxi is the most convenient, but it is difficult to take it from night to midnight on rainy and snowy days 1 1. Taxis charge a tip of 10%, and hotels add a tip of 10% to the bill. Other services, a 200 ~ 300 yuan is enough. Buses extend in all directions, but it is difficult to buy tickets without knowing Korean.
United States of America
When Americans meet guests, they usually shake hands as gifts. They are used to holding hands tightly, looking at each other squarely and bending slightly. When shaking hands with guests in social occasions, there are some habits and rules: if two people are of the opposite sex, wait until the woman reaches out first, and then the man reaches out and shakes hands; If they are of the same sex, usually older people should reach out to young people first, people with high status should reach out to people with low status, and the host should reach out to guests. Their other etiquette is the kissing ceremony, which is a kind of etiquette when they are very familiar with each other.
Most Americans believe in Protestantism and Roman Catholicism, followed by Judaism, Orthodox Christianity and Islam, while Hinduism and Buddhism have only a few followers.
Are Americans taboo? 13? 、? Friday? 、? 3? Think these numbers and dates are symbols of bad luck and disaster; They are afraid that someone will stick out their tongue at him and think this behavior is an insult; They hate bats and think it is a symbol of vampires and demons; Americans also have three taboos: one is to ask him his age, the other is to ask him the price of things, and the third is to say: You have gained weight! ? ; They taboo same-sex people dancing together; Taboo black; Especially avoid giving cheap gifts with your company logo; They avoid giving women perfume, clothes and cosmetics; Because American women have the habit of making up, service personnel are not welcome to send fragrant towels to wipe their faces; They don't like people putting food on their plates and think it's impolite.
In Kansas, USA, citizens are not allowed to eat snake meat on Sundays, and offenders will be imprisoned. In Lake Winona, Indiana, it is forbidden to eat ice cream at the counter on Sundays. In New Jersey, if someone slurps while eating soup in a restaurant, they will be detained by the police. According to the law of Hotelu, Nebraska, it is illegal for hairdressers to eat onions between 7 am and 7 pm. In Gary, Indiana, it is forbidden to take the tram or go to the cinema for four hours after eating garlic.
Canada
When Canadians introduce friends in social situations, the hand posture is that the arms are slightly extended, the palms are up, and the fingers are close together, not referring to people; Canadians like to draw with their fingers? v？ Glyph or? Okay？ Words; In public, Canadians hate people who rush to interrupt and push people with their hands when talking; They don't like people staring at them all the time; Canadians never pick their hair in front of people or clean the dirt under their nails.
When you are engaged in business activities in Canada, you should generally introduce yourself when you meet for the first time, and hand in your business card at the same time as your oral introduction. When giving gifts in business activities, it is best to give exquisite handicrafts with national characteristics. Dress neatly and solemnly in formal negotiations.
Mexico
The most common etiquette used by Mexicans in social situations is hugging and shaking hands. When Mexicans meet acquaintances, relatives, friends or lovers, it is usually kisses and hugs.
The vast majority of Mexicans believe in Catholicism and a few believe in Protestantism. Mexicans are taboo? 13? 、? Friday? , think these are unlucky and terrible numbers and dates; They taboo kissing or kissing hands between unfamiliar men; They saw public places appear? Men wear short skirts and women wear trousers? Shame, think? Men in suits and women in long skirts? Only reasonable; They are afraid of being given yellow flowers and red flowers, thinking that yellow means death and red flowers will bring bad luck to people; They are jealous of bats and their patterns and artistic modeling, and think that bats are vampires, giving people the impression of being fierce and cruel; They are afraid of purple and think that purple is an ominous color, and only coffins will be painted with this color.
Brazil
Although Brazilians are casual with each other, business visitors still need to know some customs:
? Dress code. Usually, male managers wear popular three-piece suits and office staff wear two-piece suits. Male visitors should know that suitable business clothes usually include long-sleeved shirts, even in summer. Brazilian men will joke with male tourists wearing short sleeves and call them blouses. Professional women should wear dignified suits or dresses, shirts and skirts. Ladies' shirts can be short-sleeved. Both men and women should avoid wearing yellow and green clothes, because that's the color of the Brazilian flag.
? Meet and say hello. When addressing your Brazilian male collaborator, use senhor (Sir) with his last name; A woman uses senhora (Mrs.) and her last name. Doctors of medicine, lawyers and university graduate students are all called doctors. Soon after you meet them, you can call them by their first names, but only after your Brazilian partner calls you by your first name.
? Interrupt a conversation Business meetings, especially in government offices, are often interrupted. In Brazil, this is not considered rude or inappropriate behavior.
? Send gifts. Good gifts brought from abroad for men include: music tapes, electronic gadgets, high-quality calculators, etc. Send perfume to the lady. If you are invited to a Brazilian home, you can bring some chocolate, champagne or fresh strawberries. Don't bring purple flowers, because it is related to the funeral.
? Help each other. Brazilians often ask friends or business acquaintances for help, hoping that their demands can be met. However, be careful when you ask Brazilians to help you. Even if they don't want to help you, they may promise well, because it is impolite to refuse you.
Argentina
Argentines usually shake hands when meeting guests in social situations. Men are used to hugging each other, while women hold each other's hands and kiss each other's cheeks. When men meet after a long separation, they will hug each other (abrozo), while women will shake hands and kiss each other on the cheek. However, when they meet for the first time, they just shake hands or nod.
Need to make an appointment in advance; Don't send personal items, such as ties and shirts; If guests are treated at home in Argentina, they should be prepared to send flowers or candy to their hostess; Guests have to wait for the host to sit down, and the host will open the door for them and leave; Argentines welcome people to praise their children, meals and families; Don't talk about controversial issues such as politics and religion. If there are women present at the dinner party, don't discuss business matters; Talking about sports at will? Especially football? And the beautiful scenery of local parks and gardens.
Most Argentines believe in Catholicism, while a few believe in Protestantism, Judaism, Orthodox Christianity and animism. They are taboo? 13? And then what? Friday? Think this is a depressing and unlucky number and date, so people try to avoid it? 13? And then what? Friday? . They attach great importance to dress, and men should wear suits when they go out. It will be considered indecent to take off your coat in public. If you do this on the train, you will be warned by the conductor. They are very unhappy that guests don't smack their lips after tasting Paraguayan tea, which is considered rude.
Argentines don't like gray, and most people don't like this color; They don't like shirts, ties and other personal items; They are jealous of chrysanthemums and think that chrysanthemums are used for the dead at funerals, which is a sad demon flower; They avoid giving gifts and handkerchiefs, because giving handkerchiefs will bring sadness; They are unwilling to talk about controversial religious and political issues.
pepper
The general characteristics of social customs in Chile can be summarized in the following words:
Chileans in South America are open-minded and pure-hearted;
Welcome guests, be friendly, pay attention to etiquette and enthusiasm;
Love flowers and wild lilies, bright red is better than beauty;
Shan Ying is known as the national bird, symbolizing the national soul of the motherland;
Black and purple are mourning colors. Thirteen? 、? Friday? Avoid coming.
There are the following characteristics in the details of life:
What is the nickname of Chileans for boys? Chinido？ , meaning? Little China? ,? Chinida? It's a girl's nickname, which means? China little girl? . Chilean? China? They are called nicknames because their appearance is similar to that of China people. They also have black hair and eyes, but their skin is slightly white. They have a strong sense of time, are used to punctuality and keep appointments on time, which they think is a sign of respect for people. When they are insulted by quarreling with others, they just use? Broom? The word counterattack means to sweep away the foul language of the other side. Chilean men usually like to wear white flannel shirts or silk shirts, with open-chested vests, light-colored cloth jackets and red wool belts. Wear a cloak when it's cold. This cloak is made of bright wool and decorated with patterns. Wearing a black wide-brimmed hat and leather boots. Chileans love wild lilies, which are regarded as a symbol of nation and freedom because of their long flowering period and bright colors. They like Shan Ying, the national bird, and regard it as a symbol of the heroic martyrs who fought for national liberation and defended the independence of the motherland.
When being introduced for the first time, you usually shake hands or kiss your right cheek. Chilean men may hug warmly when they meet, while women will kiss each other on the cheek. Chilean businessmen respect punctuality. Meetings should start and end on time. Business entertainment is usually held in big hotels or restaurants. If you are a guest in a Chilean home, the guest should wait outside the door and come in after being invited. It is appropriate to bring a bunch of flowers as a gift to the hostess.
Columbia
You must wear a conservative suit on any occasion. But in a small city, just wear a shirt, pants and tie. You must make an appointment before visiting public and private units, but it will definitely make you wait for a while, so the schedule should be relaxed.
Colombia, like other South American countries, likes to take its time and not be impatient. If you ask the local people to cook a meal, you have to wait for an hour. It is said that the mail in the capital Bogota takes 65,438+00 days to arrive. Simple road engineering also takes 1-2 years to complete. Having said that, there are exceptions.
For business activities, holding a business card printed in Spanish is very useful. You can print it locally for two or three days, and you can pick it up at home. Product sales brochures must also be printed in Spanish. Colombia is advanced in the Andean Group, but the practitioners have business knowledge and strong self-esteem, so business is not good. Don't be too blunt when you talk business with Colombian businessmen. You must use calculation when making conditions. Local businessmen like to talk slowly and carefully, and at the same time use a cup of black coffee with a lot of sugar. It's best not to talk about local politics. Once you have friendship, business is easy to do. If you are invited to a dinner party, there is a 99% chance that the favorite topic of local businessmen is the price of international coffee market, and coffee exports account for more than half of the total exports every year, so you must make some preparations.
Colombians like red, yellow and light colors are taboo. Patterns like circles, triangles and hexagons. Numbers like 3, 5 and 7, but avoid using 13. In addition, Colombia has no special taboos. The altitude here is very high. It is not advisable to drink a lot of alcohol and exercise vigorously, otherwise it will easily cause nosebleeds, tinnitus and other reactions.
It is best to visit in March-165438+ 10 in a year, not in the week around Christmas and Easter.
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