First, the status and level of Chongqing's logistics industry
Chongqing is the largest city in the west of China, located at the western window, and is also an important logistics transit center for the transportation of rich resources and industrial raw materials in the west. Chongqing has a unique terrain, but the transportation industry has a solid foundation. Sichuan, Chongqing, expressway, ports, aviation, Longhai railway network system and Beijing-Guangzhou railway network system have all brought Chongqing into the national logistics network system. Chongqing Port has also established close ties with Shanghai Port. Chongqing Port, as an important connecting point of Shanghai Port's westward extension, will play an important role in the logistics flow at home and abroad in China. At present, the logistics industry in our city is small in scale, low in efficiency and few in service items, and it is far from forming a systematic, standardized, professional and integrated modern logistics system. The annual turnover of the largest logistics enterprises is only tens of millions of yuan, which is ten times different from that of large logistics enterprises in Guangdong Province, and the gap with developed countries is even greater. It is not commensurate with the circulation of the annual output value of our city and the level of economic development.
Second, the problems faced by Chongqing's logistics industry and their causes
Due to the unreasonable circulation structure under the old system, the logistics elements developed in isolation for a long time, and the management was "compartmentalized", the logistics field is still a "dark continent" that has not been illuminated by the dawn. The whole society has a weak sense of logistics, the development of logistics industry is irregular, the guidance and investment for the development of logistics industry are insufficient, enterprises lack strength and enthusiasm for the construction of large-scale logistics, and related technologies are backward, which seriously affects the development of modern logistics industry in Chongqing.
Three, the demand and prospect of the development of logistics industry in our city
Since our city became a municipality directly under the central government, the economic development of our city has accelerated, which has created a huge demand for the logistics industry in our city, mainly in the following four aspects.
1. Chongqing is an important manufacturing center in China, with dense urban population and expanding import and export scale and sales scale, which urgently needs "huge" logistics channels. The total import and export volume of our city has maintained a substantial growth. The total import and export of foreign trade in the Ninth Five-Year Plan reached US$ 7 billion, an increase of 32.45% over the US$ 5.285 billion in the Eighth Five-Year Plan. In 2000, the city's total foreign trade import and export volume was US$ 654.38 billion, up by 36.4%, of which over US$ 900 million was exported, up by 82.7%, reaching a record high. The scale of electromechanical industry in our city, such as mini-cars, motorcycles and medical daily necessities, is expanding day by day, and the total export of electromechanical products has increased from 18.55% at the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan to 49.5% now. High-tech products now account for12.5% of total exports; Motorcycle exports increased from $65,438+$565,438+$400,000 at the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan to $307 million now; It has increased by 30 times. In order to ensure the smooth sales of bulk commodities, logistics specialization is inevitable. With the clarion call for the development of the western region and the approach of China's accession to the WTO, the degree of openness is increasing day by day, with the rise of large-scale shopping malls and supermarkets characterized by bulk purchase and mass sales, the introduction of chain operation, the trend of urbanization is developing day by day, the retail scale of the whole city is expanding, and the total retail sales of social consumer goods is growing rapidly, reaching 50.793 billion yuan in197 and 55.369 billion yuan in198. Excluding the price factor, the actual growth was 1 1.6%, which was 63.4 billion yuan in 2000, an increase of 7.9% over the previous year. Excluding the price factor, it actually increased by 12.2%, which means that a large number of goods moved to 30 million people, thus affecting logistics.
In order to be in an invincible position, commercial enterprises urgently need to develop modern logistics. Under the trend of economic globalization, a large number of small and medium-sized commercial enterprises in our city are facing the competition and challenges of large chain enterprises or large shopping malls at home and abroad. In order to improve competitiveness, small and medium-sized retail enterprises should take reducing logistics costs and obtaining third-party profits as important reform measures and occupy a place in the market. Establish a * * * assimilation logistics organization through free chain, implement the reform of purchasing goods directly from manufacturers, or introduce third-party modern logistics enterprises, so as to obtain scale benefits, professional management technical benefits and quality benefits, and reduce logistics costs. This is an urgent requirement for them to implement the reform. At the same time, in the process of expansion and merger, large commercial enterprises can only be invincible if they take the establishment of an efficient logistics distribution system as the top priority.
3. The quality requirements of logistics are getting higher and higher, and it is urgent to establish specialized modern logistics. With the increase of high value-added products and diversified products, logistics is required to provide more detailed services, and at the same time, it is required to improve the safety, reliability and rapidity of logistics. Fierce competition among enterprises will make enterprises pay more attention to cost saving and reduce waste in logistics; With the development of information technology application, more retail stores will implement extremely detailed "single item management" and implement multi-variety and small batch inventory. Variety of products and diversification and individualization of consumption will lead to variety and small batch of high-quality logistics.
4. The bottleneck of e-commerce development-logistics problem needs to be solved urgently. The online payment problem of e-commerce has been basically solved, but at present, logistics distribution is still the bottleneck problem restricting online shopping. E-commerce logistics does not mean that it can be composed of traditional MLM channels. The modern logistics requirements of other enterprises are the same. To realize informationization, standardization, automation and management modernization, the future online shopping and distribution will be undertaken by enterprises with good conditions, such as professional third-party modern logistics companies and chain companies.
It can be seen that the logistics industry in Chongqing will have great market demand and good development prospects in the future.
Fourthly, the difficulties in cultivating and developing Chongqing's logistics industry.
Modern logistics industry is a comprehensive tertiary industry with high management level, high automation level and high information technology level. In the process of cultivating and developing, we will inevitably encounter various difficulties. As a relevant administrative department, we should know all aspects in order to formulate relevant policies correctly and make the logistics industry in our city develop rapidly.
1. Facing the challenge of ideological concept and cognitive level. At present, the inertia thoughts of "emphasizing production over logistics" and "emphasizing business over logistics" are deeply rooted, and their concept of modern logistics is very weak. Insufficient understanding of the significance of developing modern logistics industry, lack of enthusiasm and motivation, the emergence of "price reduction wind" and "sale wind", the management of "distribution center" as a wholesale station, and the emergence of various misnamed "chain stores" all show that the development of enterprise logistics is not regarded as a key factor for the survival of enterprises, nor is it regarded as one of the major strategies for the economic development of our city, which also shows that there is a gap in understanding.
2. Facing the challenge of system transformation. The integration and specialization of logistics are the main characteristics of modern logistics, and its realization must involve cross-organizational cross-departmental cross-regional cooperation. It is an inevitable trend for the development of logistics industry in our city to flow from scattered materials to socialized logistics. After the introduction of professional logistics system services, it will inevitably lead to the internal structure adjustment and appropriate layoffs of enterprises receiving services. Therefore, the interests from departments and individuals will become the main obstacle to the development of specialized logistics.
3. Facing the challenge of land, equipment, capital and other resources. Operating the logistics service industry requires a lot of land and advanced storage and transportation equipment, in order to play the overall benefits of the supply chain. In addition, maintaining operation requires huge investment and its payback period is relatively long. Therefore, without government policy support and financing measures, it is difficult to effectively promote the development of the logistics industry.
4. Facing the challenge of talent shortage. The development of modern logistics needs the support of professionals and advanced information technology. In the past, logistics was considered as an accessory of enterprises. At present, only universities in Beijing, Zhengzhou and Shanghai have logistics majors, while universities in Chongqing and western China basically have no logistics majors. There is a shortage of talents in the whole society, especially those who know both information technology and logistics management.
5. Facing the challenges of efficiency and market competition. In the long run, the integration and specialization of logistics will significantly improve the economic benefits of enterprises in the supply chain. But it may not be reflected soon in a short time. On the one hand, enterprises should abandon some unnecessary equipment and facilities, and at the same time increase some conditions to adapt to logistics integration and increase some investment. On the other hand, in the early stage of the formation of large-scale logistics, because the social demand has not yet reached the economic scale, the service price of third-party logistics enterprises will not be very low, and the service may not be perfect, plus it is more difficult for users to accept logistics; How to make the third-party logistics professional, information-based, standardized and modernized, and gain a firm foothold in the market at the same time, is also a difficult problem.
Five, how to develop the logistics industry in Chongqing
The basic strategy of developing modern logistics industry in Chongqing is to build Chongqing into a logistics center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and make Chongqing an important part of the western logistics center.
Chongqing's location and comprehensive economic advantages determine that Chongqing has the greatest development potential in the western region. A few days ago, the United Nations specifically mentioned 25 cities with the most potential in China in its report "World City Index Coefficient and Development Prospects", and Chongqing ranked eighth, ranking 1 among western cities (see the table below). Therefore, the development of modern logistics industry should be based on Chongqing first, so as to meet and adapt to the needs of Chongqing's economic development. With the further development of Chongqing's economy and the enhancement of its attraction and arc force, higher requirements are put forward for logistics. The position of the western region in China's economic development strategy is the driving force. The success or failure of the western development determines the size of the "pull". Although the economic development of the western region still lags behind that of the eastern region, it can be predicted that with the in-depth development of the western region, the western economy will show an upward trend, which will inevitably bring an extremely huge amount of logistics, and a considerable number of logistics will choose Chongqing as a transit point because of its geographical advantages. Therefore, Chongqing's logistics construction must face the west from a strategic height. Only in this way can Chongqing really play a driving and radiating role in the surrounding and even the entire western region economy. The hinterland of the west is vast, but there is still a big gap between Chongqing, Chengdu and Xi 'an in the west and Tianjin, Shanghai and Shenzhen in the east coast in terms of economic scale and location (the economic scale is in the forefront of the country and there are natural deep-water ports along the coast), so their ability to shoot economic arcs will be restricted. In the near future, no city in the west has the ability to become a logistics center in the west. In this case, the western regions should combine their own characteristics and regional advantages, learn from each other's strong points, unite and strengthen mutual cooperation to jointly undertake and promote the development of the western logistics industry.
The so-called "know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle." Here I want to make a comparison with the logistics industry in Chengdu, Chongqing, which is separated only by a strip of water. Chengdu logistics industry, which is also in the initial stage of the transformation from traditional warehousing and transportation industry to modern logistics industry, has low utilization rate of logistics resources and high logistics cost, and its scale, infrastructure and distribution system are extremely disproportionate to Chengdu's position as a "three centers and two hubs" in southwest China. But this year, Chengdu's modern logistics has received unprecedented attention: on the one hand, it draws lessons from experts and scholars at home and abroad for planning, on the other hand, all districts, cities and counties are working hard to cooperate. Chengdu's logistics industry has basically completed the functional layout of the whole modern logistics in just half a year, and all modern logistics work is being carried out in an orderly manner. However, the development of logistics industry in Chongqing seems to be slower than that in Chengdu. Therefore, it is more necessary for us to learn from twin cities.
1. The logistics industry in Chongqing must first break through the manufacturing industry. At present, China has become the manufacturing center of the world. As an old industrial base and equipment manufacturing base, Chongqing should first break through the manufacturing industry to develop logistics, increase efforts to support the development of third-party logistics enterprises, realize the common development of logistics industry and manufacturing industry, and promote the organic integration of modern manufacturing industry and modern logistics industry.
2. Accelerate the cultivation of large modern logistics enterprise groups and enhance the core competitiveness of the logistics industry. The scale determines the unit operating cost and core competitiveness of modern logistics enterprises. At present, the logistics enterprises in Chongqing are small in scale and weak in competitiveness. Real foreign third-party logistics enterprises are basically blank, and large state-owned logistics enterprises are still in the development stage. Private logistics enterprises are now a unique group of people's livelihood logistics in Chang 'an, and the situation of tripartite confrontation among foreign, state-owned and private logistics enterprises has not yet formed. To cultivate large-scale modern logistics groups, we must first cultivate state-owned logistics enterprises, give full play to their advantages in logistics network, customer resources, brand, innovation ability and social responsibility, and comprehensively promote the development of modern logistics industry in Chongqing.
3. Relying on the golden waterway, build the logistics center of the southwest port. Chongqing, relying on the golden waterway of the Yangtze River, has a unique geographical advantage. It is suggested to achieve this goal from the following aspects: strengthening government planning and guidance, building an integrated port service system, and improving the comprehensive service capacity of Chongqing ports; Speed up the informatization construction of port logistics and improve the informatization level of port logistics services; Improve the logistics service environment and develop port logistics customs clearance.
4. Build a world-class logistics service. Because Chongqing is located inland, more than 2400 kilometers away from the sea, the logistics cost is not as good as that of coastal areas. In order to narrow these gaps, we should introduce world-class logistics enterprises, support the development of foreign-funded logistics enterprises and build world-class logistics services.