2. Integrated management concept of engineering projects based on Internet.
Integrated management of engineering projects based on the Internet is to build a virtual enterprise network through the Internet, with the engineering project as the core, to manage and control all organizations (personnel), all processes, all work and all objectives of the engineering project in real time, intelligently and remotely. All organizations (personnel) refer to all units and personnel involved in the project, such as owners, contractors, material suppliers, supervisors, management departments and related personnel. The whole process refers to the whole process of the project from project conception, design, bidding, construction, acceptance, trial operation and even normal operation. All work refers to office automation, information release, project management, schedule, quality management, contract management, change management, measurement management, fund management, completion management, project final accounts, materials and equipment management, etc. All objectives refer to the functional objectives, time limit objectives, cost objectives and environmental objectives of the project. This model is to make full use of mature Internet technology and use distributed database system to manage and control the above organizations, processes, work and objectives in real time.
3 the composition of the system
The whole system consists of two parts: project organization form and software system.
3. 1 project organization form
Internet-based integrated management system for engineering projects is a temporary virtual network enterprise organization with engineering projects as the core, and all organizations involved in the project, such as owners, project management companies, design institutes, construction enterprises, equipment leasing companies, material suppliers and engineering supervisors, are connected through the Internet and bound by contracts. In this organizational structure, the owner entrusts the project management to the project management company, and the project management company sets up a special project department to start the project management from the early planning stage. With the project department as the core, according to the specific situation of the project, using the network platform, the design institute, construction unit, equipment leasing enterprise, material supplier, project supervision and other units with good performance and good reputation will be gradually integrated into the project network to form a temporary virtual enterprise. Turning the original single enterprise into a node in the project network, the whole network actually constitutes an agile manufacturing system. In this virtual enterprise, the strong matrix organization form is adopted, and the composition of its organizational system is shown in figure 1.
Advantages of this organizational system:
(1) is beneficial to accumulate experience, improve project management level and train professional project managers.
In this organizational form, the project department is in the core position in the virtual enterprise, and the project manager is in the core position in the project department, so he is actually in the core position in the project. Appointed by the project management company, after the project is completed, he will return to the project management company to accept other project management work. In this way, his project management experience will be reflected in the future project management work, which is conducive to improving the project management level and cultivating professional project managers.
(2) The organization is open, flexible and adaptable to the environment.
Because organizations are temporary and virtual, and they are formed through computer network platforms and contracts, the emergence of such virtual enterprises will not harm these enterprises themselves, and they are open, extensible and flexible. It can absorb more enterprises in a short time, expand the project organization network, form scale effect and meet the requirements of different projects, so it has strong environmental adaptability.
(3) It avoids the bureaucracy of multi-head leadership and multi-head organs and has strong vitality. In this matrix organization, due to the strong matrix, the vertical project department occupies the core position of the virtual enterprise and enjoys the control of resources. The horizontal functional organizations are subordinate, and they provide services for the project department. As these organizations originally come from different economic entities and have independent accounting, their respective economic benefits are closely related to the quantity and quality of services they provide for the project, and they are bound to compete within their respective functions, thus avoiding bureaucracy and stimulating the vitality of the organizations.
(4) Integrate social resources, improve project quality and expand business scope.
Enterprises (units) included in the project network system are all superior enterprises (units) with good performance and good reputation in this field, and these enterprises (units) have concentrated the superior resources and professional skills of society. This organizational form is to integrate these advantageous enterprises (units) and make full use of their advantages to produce high-quality engineering projects for the owners and the society. Because this kind of organization is a strong alliance of many enterprises, it can undertake projects that a single enterprise could not receive before and expand the business scope of these enterprises.
(5) The adoption of advanced network platform reduces the artificial information filtering and makes the communication inside and outside the organization smoother.
In the past, organizations used traditional communication methods. Due to the influence of personnel source, representative position, education level, personal experience, personal preference and organizational structure, transmitting information through people will inevitably lead to artificial information filtering, resulting in information distortion and obstacles to managers' decision-making. This kind of organization adopts advanced Internet platform, and automatically transmits information to relevant personnel point to point, which effectively avoids manual information filtering and ensures the authenticity of information transmission.
3.2 Software system
The system should support stand-alone work, local area network, dial-up network and Intranet/Intranet network, and can adopt distributed database design. The server uses the main program, and the client logs in to the server through the terminal program.
Functions of the system:
Functionally, it includes traditional project management function modules such as design (including architectural design and structural design) module, engineering measurement module, budget module, schedule management module, contract management module, office automation module, etc. , it should also have the following characteristics.
(1) data compatibility is strong.
The data output by one process cannot be directly used by the next process. The main reason is that the data input and output formats of each program are not standardized, and the data interfaces between programs are not uniform. According to the need, the system can convert various data formats to each other. The system has a wide data interface and can exchange data with commonly used engineering software. It is extensible, thus ensuring the consistency of data use, reducing a lot of repetitive work for designers and planners and improving efficiency.
(2) Real-time and intelligence
Real-time means that the system can automatically collect the data of the construction site, compare it with the data in the system, judge the state of the project, and provide the basis for the decision-making of relevant personnel. Intelligentization requires that when the engineering data changes, the system can automatically modify the data of subsequent related work, and automatically issue an early warning to relevant personnel for possible problems. For example, in engineering, when the design is modified, the system will automatically modify the construction drawing, engineering quantity, budget and network plan and notify the relevant personnel, and automatically warn the relevant personnel of the possible construction period, expenses and even contract claims. In this way, the project participants can accurately grasp the real situation of the project and the responsibilities of all parties in the engineering change, and the material suppliers can adjust the production plan and supply plan in time according to the changing situation, so that the construction site can realize zero inventory and save money.
(3) Friendly interface
Friendly interface not only means that the desktop is beautiful and pleasing to the eye, and the output data is easy to be understood by users, but also means that the system needs to generate different interfaces for different users.
(4) Process simulation
At present, computer simulation has been very successful in architecture and structure, but the simulation in the construction process has not played its due role. Process simulation means that the computer generates the engineering state effect diagram according to the architectural drawing, structural drawing and network drawing, and simulates and evaluates various construction schemes with the progress of the project.
(5) Expert system
Expert system includes two aspects: on the one hand, it means that the system can identify, evaluate and judge common problems in engineering and put forward possible treatment measures for managers to refer to when making decisions; On the other hand, it also means that the system can be connected with the network of universities and research institutes, and experts and scholars from universities and research institutes can be included in the system. When unconventional events occur, experts and scholars can consult engineers and put forward solutions to engineering problems, so as to make full use of social resources to serve the project. At the same time, universities and research institutes can also deepen the research on the project and improve the project management level by observing the whole process of the project.
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