What is the basic process of psychological consultation and psychological nursing?

Basic procedures of psychological counseling. The first step of establishing relational psychological diagnosis is also the first condition for the success of psychological consultation, and it is to gain the trust of visitors. Establishing harmonious consultation relationship is the basis of obtaining good consultation effect. Therefore, consultants should pay attention to the following points: 1. Dress neatly, dress appropriately, behave generously and behave dignified. Don't be unkempt or gorgeous, with heavy makeup. 2. When meeting, the consultant should get up and say hello, express welcome, care and willingness to help, and be warm, friendly and natural to eliminate the strangeness of the visitors when they meet for the first time. 3. Before the formal conversation, you can briefly introduce yourself. For first-time visitors, counselors should also briefly introduce the nature and principles of psychological counseling, especially the confidentiality principle of respecting privacy, so as to eliminate the nervousness of visitors. 4. Counselors mainly start the consultation process by listening, and listening carefully is the decisive factor to establish a good relationship. Consultants should be sincere, enthusiastic, respectful, understanding, and unconditionally pay attention to and accept visitors. Second, the psychological diagnosis of understanding the problem The second step is to understand your own problems through the self-report of the visitors. This should pay attention to two aspects: first, the basic background information of visitors: name, gender, age, academic performance, physical health and so on; Family situation: family members' structure, interpersonal relationship and psychological atmosphere, educational methods and attitudes, economic situation, lifestyle, parents' educational level and literacy, etc. Personality characteristics: intelligence level, personality characteristics, temperament type and mental health status; Social adaptation. Understanding the basic situation helps to analyze the social background of their psychological problems. For the name of the visitor, if the visitor really doesn't want to disclose it, the consultant doesn't have to ask, which can completely reassure the visitor. Second, the psychological problems of visitors. Understanding the psychological problems of visitors is the main task at this stage. Through visitors' self-reports and necessary inquiries, we can understand visitors' personal subjective feelings, behaviors and symptoms, and understand the reasons why they are currently troubled by problems and how serious the problems are. How long will this problem last? What is the cause of the problem? And find out whether he has a clear consciousness and a strong desire for help. Third, analysis, diagnosis, analysis, diagnosis and understanding are often combined. First of all, it is necessary to find out what kind of problems visitors have, which are study problems, interpersonal problems in life, puberty development problems or love problems. To some extent, it is the emotional anxiety and psychological imbalance of normal people, or personality disorder, neurosis, psychosis and so on. These are all problems that must be paid attention to when analyzing and diagnosing. Psychological diagnosis is mainly to obtain information and data about psychological state from visitors' complaints by observing their words and deeds. During the conversation, the consultant clarified the facts and grasped the real situation by digging deeply and asking key questions. When necessary, visitors can also be psychologically tested to clarify the nature and degree of the problem and strengthen the objectivity of psychological diagnosis. On this basis, according to their own professional knowledge and social life experience, counselors make a correct assessment and diagnosis of the nature, causes and severity of psychological problems of visitors, and then consider what kind of guidance and help to give. Four, help guide on the basis of fully understanding the visitor's mood and situation, help him analyze the nature of his own problems, find the root of the problems, establish confidence in overcoming difficulties, provide guidance, and discuss countermeasures to solve problems. But the solution of the problem ultimately depends on the visitors themselves to restore their psychological balance by changing their cognitive structure and behavior. Five, relationship counseling after several times to achieve the desired results, you can temporarily end the counseling activities. Psychological counselors should gradually pull away from their own roles and guide visitors to apply the new experiences they have learned in the consultation process to their daily lives, so that they can solve their own difficulties without the guidance of others. Counselors can say some words of expectation and blessing, and welcome them to come back if they have any questions. After consultation, if possible, follow-up study should be conducted to observe the long-term effect of consultation, so as to constantly sum up experience and improve work.