Two forces promote the development of corporate strategic management discipline in China: one is the strategic practice and rapid growth of China enterprises in the process of transformation; The second is the introduction, digestion, absorption and application of western enterprise strategic management theories and methods. In the development process of more than 20 years, the international competitiveness of China enterprises has been continuously improved.
Question 2: What does embedded mean? 1, in short, is a device that controls, monitors or assists the operation of machinery and equipment.
2. It can be understood as a microcomputer. For example, tablet computers are embedded systems, smart phones are embedded systems, and so are bank ATMs ... It can be said that all intelligent interactive controls are embedded systems.
3. For example, take an embedded development board and install a screen to become a tablet computer. Install a temperature detector, and you can become a temperature detector. Install a screen +GPS module and you can become a car navigator. If you install a card reader +3G module, you can turn it into a POS machine ... Of course, the actual development is not as simple as it is said, and you will design hardware development+software development.
Question 3: What does embedded training mean? Software Introduction (Electronic ...) Engineering (Embedded Training)
For example, Nanyou introduced:
This major is a key major (computer major) in Jiangsu Province during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan supported by Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education and Department of Commerce and founded by Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications in cooperation with well-known enterprises at home and abroad. Implementing the "2+2" training mode requires students to lay a solid professional foundation in school for the first two years. In the third year, we will gradually introduce cutting-edge courses in the direction of software and service outsourcing, and hire Jiangsu industry professors and senior engineers to teach or guide practical teaching. In the fourth year, organize students to outsource software and services. This major focuses on enabling students to master the knowledge and ability of information technology systems, application management and technical support services, especially in the fields of application software development, mobile embedded system development, database technology and management, and telecommunications services.
The main courses offered are: introduction to service outsourcing, unified modeling language, high-level language programming, discrete mathematics, data structure, algorithm analysis and design, microcomputer interface technology, operating system, software engineering, database system, software outsourcing, Objective-C programming, computer communication and network, UML system analysis and design, Android application development, iOS application development, Web technology, cloud computing technology, business English, and service outsourcing.
According to the needs of the development of modern service industry in China and Jiangsu Province, especially the service outsourcing industry, this major cultivates software and service outsourcing talents with excellent comprehensive quality, teamwork spirit and noble professional ethics, who can track and master new theories, new knowledge and new technologies in this field and are multi-level, practical, international, compound and strong in employment and entrepreneurship.
After graduation, students can engage in the development and management of information technology systems in software and service outsourcing enterprises; Can also be engaged in software planning, development, testing, maintenance and management in * * * organs, scientific research departments, universities, enterprises and institutions and information technology and other fields.
The main students' advanced courses include software engineering, computer science and technology, communication and information system, etc.
Question 4: What are embedded software and non-embedded software? Simply put, embedded software is application software or system software based on embedded platform (such as ARM+Linux). Non-embedded software refers to software based on general processor and operating system platform (such as desktop application software).
Question 5: What does an embedded system mean? According to the definition of IEEE (International Institute of Electrical Engineers), an embedded system is a device that controls, monitors or assists the operation of equipment, machines and devices (originally a device used to control, monitor or assist the operation of equipment, machines or factories). This is mainly defined from the application, from which we can see that embedded system is a combination of software and hardware, and can also cover auxiliary equipment such as machinery.
In this definition, we can understand the embedded system from several aspects:
◆ Embedded system is user-oriented, product-oriented and application-oriented. It must be combined with specific applications to have vitality and advantages. Therefore, we can understand the meaning of the above three aspects, that is, the embedded system is closely combined with the application and has strong specificity, so it must be reasonably reduced and utilized according to the actual system requirements.
◆ Embedded system is the product of the combination of advanced computer technology, semiconductor technology and electronic technology with specific applications in various industries, which determines that it must be a technology-intensive, capital-intensive, highly decentralized and innovative knowledge integration system. Therefore, when we set foot in the embedded system industry, we must have a correct positioning. For example, Palm occupies more than 70% of the PDA market, because it is based on personal consumer electronics and focuses on developing graphical interfaces and multitasking management. The reason why Fenghe's Vxworks is applied to the Mars rover is because of its high real-time performance and high reliability.
◆ The embedded system must tailor the software and hardware according to the application requirements to meet the requirements of the application system for function, reliability, cost and volume. Therefore, it is a good development model if we can establish a relatively universal software and hardware foundation and then develop systems that meet various needs on it. At present, the core of embedded system is often a microkernel with only a few K to several tens K, which needs to be expanded or reduced according to the actual use. However, due to the existence of micronucleus, this expansion can be carried out very smoothly.
In fact, embedded system itself is a very broad term. Any control system with embedded characteristics combined with products can be called embedded system, and it is sometimes difficult to give it an accurate definition. Now people talk about embedded systems, to a certain extent, it refers to the embedded systems with operating systems that have been popular in recent years. This paper also follows this viewpoint in the analysis and prospect.
Generally speaking, the architecture of embedded system can be divided into four parts: processor, memory, input/output (I/O) and software (because the application software and operating system of most embedded devices are closely combined, there is no distinction here, which is also the biggest difference between embedded system and Windows system).
Question 6: What does embedded culture mean? Embedded system is a hot topic in IT industry. . . To put it bluntly, it is coding. It's just that embedded programming is much more difficult than ordinary programming, and it is necessary to understand not only software but also hardware.
Question 7: What is an embedded system-what is an embedded system?
Embedded system generally refers to non-PC system, which has computer function, but it is not called computer equipment or equipment. It is an application-centered, flexible software and hardware, and meets the comprehensive and strict requirements of the application system on function, reliability, cost, volume and power consumption. Simply put, the embedded system integrates the application software and hardware of the system, which is similar to the working mode of BIOS in PC. It has the characteristics of small software code, high degree of automation and fast response, and is especially suitable for systems that require real-time and multi-task. Embedded system is mainly composed of embedded processor, related supporting hardware, embedded operating system and application software system. It is a device that can work independently.
Embedded system includes almost all electrical equipment in life, such as PDA, mobile computing device, TV set-top box, mobile Internet, digital TV, multimedia, automobile, microwave oven, digital camera, home automation system, elevator, air conditioner, security system, vending machine, mobile phone, consumer electronic equipment, industrial automation instrument and medical instrument.
The hardware part of embedded system includes processor/microprocessor, memory and peripheral equipment, I/O port, graphics controller and so on. Embedded system is different from general computer processing system. It has no large storage medium like hard disk, and most of them use EPROM, EEPROM or flash memory as storage medium. The software part includes operating system software (requiring real-time multitasking) and application programming. The application program controls the operation and behavior of the system; The operating system controls the interaction between applications and hardware.
Two embedded processors
The core of embedded system is embedded microprocessor. Embedded microprocessors generally have four characteristics: (1) has strong support for real-time multi-tasks, can complete multi-tasks, and has short interrupt response time, thus minimizing the execution time of internal codes and real-time operating systems; (2) It has powerful storage area protection function. Because the software structure of embedded system has been modularized, it is necessary to design powerful storage area protection function in order to avoid wrong cross-action between software modules, which is also beneficial to software diagnosis; (3) Expandable processor structure, thus rapidly expanding high-performance embedded microprocessor to meet the application; (4) The power consumption of embedded microprocessor must be very low, especially in the battery-powered embedded system used in portable wireless and mobile computing communication equipment, and the power consumption can only be mW or even μ W level.
According to incomplete statistics, the total number of embedded processors in the world has exceeded 1000, and there are more than 30 popular architectures. Among them, 805 1 system accounts for the majority. There are more than 20 semiconductor manufacturers producing this kind of single chip microcomputer, and there are more than 350 kinds of derivative products. Only Philips has nearly 100 kinds. Now almost every semiconductor manufacturer produces embedded processors, and more and more companies have their own processor design departments. The addressing space of an embedded processor is generally from 64kB to 16MB, the processing speed is 0. 1~2000MIPS, and usually 8~ 144 pins are packaged.
According to the current situation, embedded computers can be divided into the following categories.
(1) embedded microprocessor unit (Empu)
Embedded microprocessor adopts "enhanced" general microprocessor. Because embedded systems are usually used in harsh environments, embedded microprocessors have higher requirements for working temperature, electromagnetic compatibility and reliability than ordinary standard microprocessors. However, the embedded microprocessor is basically the same as the standard microprocessor in function. According to the actual embedded application requirements, the embedded microprocessor is assembled on a specially designed motherboard, and only the motherboard functions related to embedded applications are reserved, which can greatly reduce the volume and power consumption of the system. Compared with industrial control computer, embedded microprocessor system has the advantages of small size, light weight, low cost and high reliability, but its circuit board must include ROM, RAM, bus interface, various peripherals and other devices, which reduces the reliability of the system and has poor technical confidentiality. Through embedded ... >>
Question 8: What is an embedded operating system? EOS (embedded operating system) is a widely used system software. In the past, it was mainly used in industrial control and national defense system. EOS is responsible for the allocation and scheduling of all hardware and software resources in embedded systems, and controlling and coordinating concurrent activities. It must reflect the characteristics of the system in which it is located, and can realize the functions required by the system by loading and unloading some modules. At present, some EOS product series with successful applications have been launched. With the development of Internet technology, the popularization and application of information appliances and the miniaturization and specialization of EOS, EOS began to develop from a single weak function to a highly specialized strong function. Embedded operating system has outstanding characteristics in real-time, hardware dependence, software solidity and application specificity. EOS is relative to the general operating system. In addition to the basic functions of the general operating system, such as task scheduling, synchronization mechanism, interrupt handling and file functions, EOS also has the following characteristics:
(1) load capacity. An open and extensible architecture.
(2) Strong real-time. EOS is generally real-time and can be used for various equipment control.
(3) Unified interface. Provide all kinds of equipment to drive the sun.
(4) Simple operation, simple and friendly graphical GUI and graphical interface, easy to learn and use.
(5) Provide powerful network functions, support TCP P protocol and other protocols, provide TCP/UDP/IP/PPP protocol support and unified MAC access layer interface, and reserve interfaces for various mobile computing devices.
(6) Strong stability and weak interactivity. Once the embedded system starts running, it doesn't need too much intervention from users, which requires EOS, which is responsible for system management, to have strong stability. Users of embedded operating systems generally do not provide operation commands, but provide services for user programs through system call commands.
(7) curing code. In embedded system, embedded operating system and application software are solidified in ROM of embedded system computer. Auxiliary memory is rarely used in embedded systems, so the file management function of embedded operating system should be easily disassembled and used in various memory file systems.
(8) Better hardware adaptability, that is, good portability.
There are about 40 embedded operating systems for information appliances in the world. Now, EOS products that are very popular in the market, including Palm OS, a subsidiary of 3 Corn, have a global share of 50%, MicroS. The wind of fi company. Ws CE is only 29%. In the American market, Palm Horror OS far exceeds Windows CE with 80% share. Open source Linux is very suitable for the development of information appliances.
For example, Red Flag embedded Linux developed by Zhongke Hongqi Software Technology Co., Ltd. and embedded operating system "Quark" based on Xlinux developed by American Internet Tiger Company. Quark is currently the smallest Linux in the world. It has two outstanding features, namely, small size and GCS coding.
Common embedded systems are: Linux, uClinux, WinCE, PalmOS, Symbian, eCos, uCOS-II, VxWorks, pSOS, Nucleus, ThreadX, Rtems, QNX, INTEGRITY, OSE and C Executive.
The development of embedded operating system will also drive a new round of scientific and technological competition.
Question 9: What does embedded training mean? Embedded training is the training of embedded system related technologies. To put it bluntly, embedded system is a system that combines hardware and software and embeds it into the whole machine to make it intelligent.
Embedded system technology has a very broad application prospect, and its application fields can include:
1, industrial control: industrial automation equipment based on embedded chips will be greatly developed, and a large number of 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit embedded microcontrollers will be applied. Networking is the main way to improve production efficiency and product quality and reduce human resources, such as industrial process control, digital machine tools, power system, power grid security, power grid equipment monitoring, petrochemical system and so on. As far as traditional industrial control products are concerned, low-end models often adopt 8-bit single chip microcomputer. However, with the development of technology, 32-bit and 64-bit processors have gradually become the core of industrial control equipment, and will make great progress in the next few years.
2. Traffic management: Embedded system technology has been widely used in vehicle navigation, traffic control, information monitoring, automobile service, etc. The mobile positioning terminal embedded with GPS module and GSM module has been successfully applied in various transportation industries. GPS equipment has entered the homes of ordinary people from cutting-edge products, and it only takes a few thousand dollars to find its position anytime and anywhere.
3. Information appliances: This will be called the biggest application field of embedded system. The networking and intelligence of refrigerators and air conditioners will lead people's lives into a brand-new space. Even if you are not at home, you can control it remotely through telephone lines and networks. Among these devices, embedded system will be of great use.
4. Home intelligent management system: remote automatic meter reading of water, electricity and gas meters, safety, fire prevention and anti-theft system, in which the embedded special control chip will replace the traditional manual inspection to achieve higher, more accurate and safer performance. In the field of remote menu and other services, the advantages of embedded system have been reflected.
5.POS network and e-commerce: Public transportation contactless smart card (CSC) distribution system, public transportation phone card distribution system, vending machines and various intelligent ATM terminals will all enter people's lives. By then, people can travel all over the world with one card.
6. Environmental engineering and nature: real-time monitoring of hydrological data, flood control system and water and soil quality monitoring, dam safety, earthquake monitoring network, real-time meteorological information network, water source and air pollution monitoring. In many areas with harsh environment and complex land conditions, embedded systems will be unattended.
7. Robots: The development of embedded chips will make robots more obvious in miniaturization and high intelligence, and at the same time, it will greatly reduce the price of robots and make them more widely used in industrial and service fields.