Most people who cry are emotional and extroverted. In fact, Liu Bei is not extroverted, on the contrary, he is introverted. It is said in "Lessons Learned from the Same Resources" that Liu Bei "speaks few words, and his emotions are invisible". In other words, Liu Bei is taciturn, quiet and moody. Just like Xie An in Wei and Jin Dynasties, after learning the news of the victory of the Battle of Feishui, he still played games with others. Although he was ecstatic inside, he was expressionless on the surface. It seems that Liu Bei also has this talent.
People who are "emotional and invisible" will not cry when they encounter difficulties. Since they can't cry, Liu Bei's country won't cry. In fact, Liu Bei was able to go from a "shoe seller" to an emperor, not because he cried, but because he did it himself, which is a model of practicing the motto "Eat your own food, sweat your own sweat, do your own thing, rely on your ancestors, and don't be a hero". When Liu Bei started his business, he was penniless and started from scratch. "Zi Tong Zhi Jian" said, "At the beginning, I was Liu Bei of Zhuo Jun, and later Wang Jing of Zhongshan. I was lonely and poor, and my mother made a living by selling shoes." In other words, Liu Bei is a descendant of Liu Sheng, the king of Zhongshan. His father died when he was very young, and his family was very poor. He had to make a living by knitting and selling straw sandals with his mother. Objectively speaking, Liu Bei's conditions at the beginning of his business were similar to those of his great-grandfather Liu Bang, and it was also very difficult. First of all, Liu Bei didn't support his parents. My father died early and my mother's family was poor. Although she is the queen of Liu Sheng, the king of Zhongshan Jing, she is only in name and has no real descendants of the emperor. In addition, her background is unknown and there is no empirical evidence. Secondly, Liu Bei does not have a strong family background. How much legacy can a family that sells shoes for a living have? According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei's uncle Liu Yuan "often gave it to Xuande because he saw that his family was poor." It can be seen that Liu Bei's family is very poor, probably poor lower-middle peasants, not rich peasants. Third, Liu Bei does not have the conditions and environment to start a business as usual. The ancients said: "cultivate one's morality, keep one's family in order, govern the country and level the world", which can be said to be the dream of the ancients and the only way to realize personal value. But Liu Bei does not have such conditions. In terms of personal qualities, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms said that Liu Bei was "not very good at reading". Because he was not good at reading, he later "studied under Zheng Xuan and Lu Zhi" and made no achievements. It is impossible to achieve great things by studying, just as Liu Bei must be a civil servant if he wants to go into politics today. If he wants to be a civil servant, he must take the exam. If he wants to take the exam, he must have a corresponding diploma. The minimum requirement for a diploma must also be college graduation. It seems that Liu Bei's education is not very high. Generally speaking, a person who is not interested in learning will not have a high academic record. Judging from the external environment at that time, let alone that Liu Bei didn't have much knowledge. Even if he did, it wouldn't work to enter the official position by normal recommendation. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, politics was dim, officialdom was corrupt, and the wind of buying and selling officials prevailed. Don't say that Liu Bei doesn't have much knowledge. Even if he did, it would be difficult to enter the official position by normal recommendation. No money, no one, who can recommend you to be an official? To sum up, it can be seen that Liu Bei's initial conditions for starting a business are relatively difficult and the foundation is very weak. At this point, Cao Cao and Sun Quan are much better than Liu Beiqiang. Although the external conditions were very difficult, Liu Bei established hegemony and became Hanwang, forming a tripartite confrontation with Cao Cao and Sun Quan. It can be seen that Liu Bei must have something extraordinary. From the channel of great achievements, I personally think that Cao Cao's country was "beaten", Sun Quan's country was "relied on" and Liu Bei's country was "dry".
Look at Cao Cao first. Since his debut, Cao Cao, under the banner of the emperor, galloped across the battlefield, swept the world, defeated Yuan Shao, killed Lu Bu, incorporated Liu Cong and defeated Sun Quan. After many battles, he wiped out all dissidents by force and established a foundation. In Zi Tongzhi Jian, the military talent of this "official who can handle the world and a traitor in troubled times" has been fully affirmed and highly evaluated. "Being with the enemy" means being at ease, if you don't want to fight; When it comes to winning the game, the momentum is overflowing ... so the world is flat if you can win. "The meaning of this sentence is that when Cao Cao is against the enemy, he is calm and seems to be unwilling to fight; When you have a good chance to win the decisive battle, the momentum is like a rainbow and unstoppable ... so you can sweep away all the heroes, except Wu and Shu, and almost calm down the world. This is Sima Guang's final judgment on Cao Cao. Although Sima Guang attributed Cao Cao's pacifying the world to "knowing people well, being clear about rewards and punishments, being fair in law enforcement, being elegant and frugal, and being good at using troops", I think the most important thing is Cao Cao's military ability, that is, being good at using troops. In the era of cold weapons, it is impossible to pacify the world without outstanding military talent. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, when Cao Cao died, he also said: "Loneliness has been in the world for more than 30 years, and heroes have all been destroyed. Only Sun Quan in Jiangdong and Liu Bei in West Shu have not been wiped out. "All the people in the world and All the Heroes are Destroyed illustrate Cao Cao's outstanding military talents and just verify the historical fact that Cao Cao's country was" beaten ".
Look at Sun Quan again. Sun Quan's fate seems much better than Cao Cao's. Sun Quan has a good brother named Sun Ce, and Sun Ce is known as "Little Overlord". Wu Dong's pre-Jiangshan was basically captured by Sun Ce. According to common sense, Sun Quan, as a younger brother, generally won't inherit his ancestral business. According to the ancient patriarchal clan system, the ancestral business was generally inherited by the eldest son. Sun Jian is dead. Pass it to Sun Ce. Sun Ce should be passed on to the eldest son. According to the common people, "eight poles can't hit Sun Quan". Therefore, in the early stage of his life, Sun Quan just struggled with his brother Sun Ce, and there was no other wild desires. Because of this, the relationship between Sun Quan and Sun Ce was handled very closely. Under the example of Sun Ce, Sun Quan became more and more mature politically and militarily, and gradually possessed the qualities of successors. Sun Ce is seven years older than Sun Quan. In Sun Quan's view, his brother Sun Ce is his role model and idol. He can't surpass himself. Only by admiring and learning can he never dare to kill his brother and usurp the throne. Sun Quan's idea is to follow courtiers' etiquette and do good deeds. In any case, Sun Quan never dreamed that his younger brother Sun Ce would die young, let alone pass on the country to him! There is no record of whether Sun Ce was born in Zi and Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but from the objective facts, Sun Ce spoke highly of Sun Quan. On his deathbed, Sun Ce said to Zhang Zhao and others: "The chaos in China, with the people of wuyue and the solidity of the three rivers, is enough to see success or failure. Please be kind to my brother!" Later, Sun Quan was blocked, and Sun Quan was ordered to say: "Take Jiangdong's people and fight a decisive battle between the two Chen (with the" array ") and compete with the world. Qing is not as good as me; I am not as good as Qing. " The implication is that you are inferior to me and I am inferior to you. As can be seen from the later development facts, Sun Quan is indeed a king of housekeeping. Sun Quan did not want to seize the country, but got it. Just like today's civil servants, they can't rank by seniority, they can only "rely" on fate. I didn't expect the boss to be transferred overnight or have other arrangements, and the superior asked you to replace him! It can be seen that Sun Quan's land was acquired unintentionally, and it is more in line with the facts to say that he is "dependent".
Finally, I came to see Liu Bei. Compared with Cao Cao and Sun Quan, Liu Bei's fame is hard-won. Liu Bei has neither Cao Cao's domineering nor Sun Quan's luck. His own country, from scratch, from small to large, from weak to strong, was completely earned by his painstaking management and hard work. First of all, unlike Sun Quan, Liu Bei has no right to inherit. Although it has not been reduced to the point where there is no roof and no place under the cone, it can also be said that it is a poor family and has no property at all. Unlike Sun Quan, a good father lays the foundation and a good brother plays half the country. Liu Bei can be said to be empty-handed It is absolutely unreliable and unrealistic to rely on his ancestors to seek hegemony. Secondly, Liu Bei is also different from Cao Cao, and it is unrealistic to "fight" the country completely. Although Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun helped, and a few merchants donated money to help, after all, people are short of money, and it is unwise to conquer the world completely by force like Cao Cao. The soldiers and horses did not move, and the food and grass came first, as well as in ancient and modern times. A Tomahawk missile is worth millions of dollars. Can you afford it? Without strong ancestral inheritance and good luck, "relying" is unreliable; Second, without abundant human and financial resources and the unique advantage of "relying on the emperor to make the princes", it is unrealistic to "fight" the world entirely by force. You can't "rely" or "fight". If Liu Bei wants to succeed, he has to find another way. This "path" is "dry". The so-called "doing" means persisting in the castle peak, keeping down to earth, steadily and steadily, never giving up, never giving up according to the set goals. During the Three Kingdoms period, there were many ambitious people like Liu Bei who had no ancestral business. Why does Bay "do" and others "do"? The reason lies in Liu Beihui's "skillful work" and "hard work", not brute force.
First, clear goals and firm determination are important prerequisites for Liu Bei's success. Liu Bei's ambition is not the ambition of a swallow, but the ambition of a swan, that is, "to help Han prosper Liu and achieve great things." Liu Bei was described as an "ambitious man" in "Learning from the Same Experience", and was also described as the son of heaven in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". "I am the son of heaven, I should take this car cover." Although this is a folklore, it also shows from another side that Liu Bei is ambitious and different from ordinary people. Liu Bei has an ambition that will never change, unlike ordinary people. "People with ambitions have a long-term vision, and those without ambitions will always yearn for it." Liu Bei belongs to an ambitious man. Liu Bei's dream of helping Han has existed since childhood. Although he has gone through many vicissitudes, he never gave up, which is difficult for ordinary people to do. It is recorded in Zi Tong Zhi Jian that I have been in Jingzhou for several years and tried to sit up and go to the toilet. He looked very strange, asked about the preparations and said, "If you don't leave the saddle, you will lose your beard. If you don't ride today, the meat will be raw, the sun and the moon will flow, and the veteran will arrive. If you don't build a career, you will be sad. " Liu Bei believes that "not building meritorious deeds" refers to building the foundation of the son of heaven. In fact, at that time, Liu Bei was already famous and had a small career. In 20 1 year, after being defeated by Cao Cao in Runan, Liu Bei went to vote for Liu Biao, saying, "When you go out to meet the enemy, treat it with courtesy, benefit its soldiers and make it a new field (now Henan Xinye)". Liu Biao was able to "meet from the suburbs", indicating that Liu Bei was no longer an idle generation at that time. According to the wishes of ordinary people, "ten acres of land, a cow, a wife and children hot kang" should be there. Besides, Liu Bei is already a celebrity. "With fish to eat and a car to go out", Liu Bei should be satisfied. On the contrary, Liu Bei was not satisfied at all. Facing the fleeting time, he shed tears. As mentioned earlier, Liu Bei is an "invisible" person. He didn't shed tears on his deathbed, but shed tears in front of "unfinished business", which shows how important it is to make contributions in Liu Bei's heart! It is the most important prerequisite for Liu Bei to realize his ambition, build a solid foundation for the son of heaven, fight for it and be determined.
Second, teamwork and unity are the keys to Liu Bei's success. Liu Bei can organize a strong "team" and unite as one until death do us part. "One hero and three gangs" are the same for those who have achieved great things in ancient and modern times. Liu Bei is no exception at this point. He has the inheritance of his great-grandfather. The most important reason why Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, became the first emperor of Han Dynasty from a street thug is that he is a "good general", good at employing people and rallying people's hearts, and people are willing to work for him. At this point, Liu Bei inherited the true biography of Gao Zu and absorbed a large number of talents. Hu Li, the thief boss played by Ge You in world without thieves, said, "What is the most expensive in 2 1 century?" ? Talent "means that the essence of competition in modern society is talent competition. In fact, it was the same in ancient times. The "team" formed by Liu Bei has the following three obvious characteristics. First, the talent structure is reasonable. Yes, there are Pang Shiyuan, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Wen, counselors, soldiers, military strategists and those who went out to fight. The two complement each other and complement each other. The collocation is more reasonable. Second, the individual quality of talents is high. Scholars and military commanders can be independent. Zhuge Liang strategized and divided the world into three parts before he was born, and Longzhong was well known to the world. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun were all misused. After Liu Bei debuted, he was able to go through all the hardships and finally became the king. These three people also contributed. In the era of ancient cold weapons, the personal martial arts of generals were very important. When the two armies are at war, if the martial arts are poor, even if the soldiers are brave, they can only be defeated and flee. Zhang Feisheng broke Changbanpo in Dangyang, Hubei Province, vividly showing his heroic demeanor. "Zi Tongzhi Jian" records that Cao Cao rode five thousand horses to chase after him, traveling for more than three hundred miles a day and one night. After Zhang Fei refused to ride twenty horses in Changban, Dangyang, he flew to the bridge by water and said, "Although I am in Zhang Yide, I can come to fight a decisive battle! "Fuck those soldiers who dare not approach. If Zhang Fei's martial arts is not high and his personal ability is not strong, it is impossible to scare off 5000 riders with 20 riders. This situation just shows the importance of high personal martial arts in the era of cold weapons. The third is the loyalty of team members. Every member of the team led by Liu Bei has a very strong sense of loyalty. Since he followed Liu Bei, it was that the tortoise was determined to win. And the members' collectivism spirit is also very strong, unity is strength, unity is sincerity, Qi Xin works together, and harmony is * * *. Zhuge Liang devoted himself to Liu Bei's country and died, which became a beautiful talk through the ages; Guan Yu rode thousands of miles alone, unmoved by Cao Cao's fame and fortune, and became a loyal example and model; Zhang Fei was loyal to Liu Bei all his life and eventually died young for brotherhood. Zhao Yun fought in the battlefield with Liu Bei, saved himself, and went to Soochow to protect the Lord, doing his duty for Liu's inheritance and keeping loyalty forever. These four people are the core strength of Liu Bei's team, belong to the core class, and are Liu Bei's right-hand man, thigh and arm ministers. Whether Liu Bei wins or loses, whether he succeeds or fails, these people are loyal to each other and will never betray them. Pang Shiyuan, who died and fell on the wind slope in the later period, and Huang Zhong, who surrendered by Liu Bei, can also keep the later festival. It can be seen that Liu Bei's subordinates are loyal to him and are good at winning the team championship, which is a powerful cornerstone of Liu Bei's success.
Third, taking a clear-cut stand and making good use of external forces are the solid foundation for Liu Bei's success. Liu Bei was able to take advantage of the situation and play the banner of "supporting Han and prospering Liu", which was a bit naive compared with Cao Cao's "relying on the emperor to make princes", but it did unite people's hearts in the environment at that time. The flag is the direction, and the flag is the strength. Although there is no advantage of Cao Cao's "relying on the emperor to make the princes", Liu Bei knows the importance of "justified". Faced with the decline of the Han Dynasty and Cao Shi Group's eyeing, Liu Bei made use of his innate condition of being "post-Zhongshan" to play the glorious banner of "supporting Han and prospering Liu" in time. Liu Bei's birthright after Zhongshan is not very certain, but after all, his surname is Liu, and he may be the uncle of the holy family today. Although Liu Bei's banner of "supporting Han and prospering Liu" was weak, it was well-founded after all and was supported by the masses at that time, which was a favorable external condition for Liu Bei's success. In 208 AD, Cao Cao wanted to attack Jingzhou, and Liu Cong surrendered to Cao Cao behind Liu Bei's back. Liu Bei decided to leave Jingzhou after knowing that Liu Bei was leaving. "There are many people in Cong and Jingzhou." When the sun arrived, "hundreds of thousands of people." Someone suggested that Liu Bei throw away the people who followed him, but Liu Bei said, "People must be the foundation of great events. Today's people belong to me, how can I have the heart to abandon them! " At the most dangerous time, Liu Bei did not care about the lives of ordinary people for himself. It is not surprising that Liu Bei won the support of the masses, because he has the reputation of "Wang Jing after Zhongshan" and realistic feelings for the people.
Fourth, unique style and charm are the fundamental conditions for Liu Bei's success. Liu Bei has his unique personal charm and strong personality, and he is born with the ability to be a leader. One is to deal with interpersonal relationships like a duck to water. Liu Bei is an expert in dealing with interpersonal relationships. Liu Bei can get along with both friends and enemies. He is neither bullying nor grovelling, and he can handle it properly by making his friends useful to me and making his enemies afraid to hurt him rashly. Regardless of Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Sun Quan, Tao Qian, Liu Biao and Liu Zhang, on the whole, Liu Bei handled the relationship with these people and got help at the critical moment or turned the corner. Cao Cao, Yuan Shao and Sun Quan all knew that Liu Bei was a hero and they were bound to fight for the world, but these people didn't kill Liu Bei after all. There are many reasons, but Liu Bei's ability to deal with these lean men must not be ignored, because these people are capricious and kill people without blinking an eye. If they are not careful, they will be killed. With the help of Liu Biao and Huang Zuzhi, Cao Cao killed Mi Fei, who was arrogant and self-contemptuous. Tao Qian, Liu Biao and Liu Zhang also tricked Liu Bei into finding the north. "Zi Jian" records that Xuzhou is ill and cannot drive the East China Sea elk. Zhu Yue said, "Without Liu Bei, this state cannot be determined." Tao Qian willingly gave Xuzhou to Liu Bei before he died. Second, open-minded and good at employing people. "No doubt about employing people, no doubt about employing people" is vividly reflected in Liu Bei. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun took their positions and did their best. Since the power is given to you, you can do it with confidence and never give you a stumbling block. I have undoubtedly listened to Zhuge Liang's words since I visited Zhuge Liang from three places. This method of controlling people is easy to buy people's hearts, and people are willing to work hard for it, and they don't regret it when they are exhausted. Zhuge Liang is suffering from it. He said in "Model", "Since I was appointed, I have been sighing all night, fearing that the entrustment will not work, which will hurt the understanding of my late emperor." "A scholar dies for a bosom friend". In order to thank Liu Bei for his kindness, the talented Zhuge Liang worked hard for Liu Jiangshan until he gave his precious life, at the age of 53. The third is to assess the situation and act decisively. When talking about heroes, Liu Bei and Cao Cao used "much thunder and little rain" to cover up their inner panic, and clearly realized that they were in danger, because he had participated in a plot with motorcycle general Dong Cheng and planned to kill Cao Cao in the name of imperial edict. Therefore, Cao Cao took the opportunity to "invite Zhu Ling to watch" and immediately ran away without hesitation. Liu Bei knows Lu Bu's humanity and energy. If he continues like this, there will be endless troubles. Although Lu Bu Yuanmen shot a halberd to help himself, when Cao Cao wanted to let Lu Bu go, the phrase "Gong Ming didn't see Lu Bu, Ding Jianyang and Dong Taishi" reminded Cao Cao of himself, and he killed Lu Bu by his hand. In order to exclude dissidents, even if he is good to himself, Liu Bei will never be soft-hearted, which is similar to Cao Cao's "I would rather bear the weight of the world." Fourth, the will is firm and indomitable. Liu Bei's life can be described as wandering, experiencing ups and downs, but he is indomitable, determined, brave in setbacks, never discouraged and never slack off. Liu Bei voted for Cao Cao, Lu Bu, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao and Liu Zhang. There are not many victories and defeats, and they are chased all day. In this difficult and difficult environment, Liu Bei is full of the spirit of the Long March, determined and indomitable, and will never give up until he reaches his goal. This is difficult for ordinary people to do.
"Clear goal, good teamwork, clear stand and excellent individual" is the fundamental reason for Liu Bei's success and a strong foundation for Liu Bei's "doing" into a great cause. Therefore, Liu Bei's Jiangshan was not "crying" but "dry" by personal efforts. Liu Bei is a civilian hero and a model of realizing his dream by personal efforts. History has written a colorful stroke for this civilian hero, which will never be forgotten.