If the questionnaire is not in scale form, how to analyze the reliability and validity?

There are many kinds of reliability and validity, such as test-retest reliability, semi-reliability and internal consistency reliability. Validity includes structural validity, content validity and standard validity.

The questionnaire can be described in written form, which proves that the data quality is reliable and credible. The suggestions are explained as follows.

Describe the process of data collection in words, such as paper collection and network collection;

Describe the validity of the sample in words, such as whether the collected samples meet the research needs, whether the collected sample population is an effective sample population, etc. For example, to study the online shopping behavior of college students, the sample population collected must be college students.

Describe the processing process of invalid samples in data in words, such as using the invalid sample function of SPSSAU to set samples with the same answer over 70% as invalid samples.

Other explanations that can be used to prove that the data quality is guaranteed.

Please refer to the help manual of spssau for details.