The cost control of construction projects runs through the whole process of project construction. In the investment control activities of construction project management, the project management unit should aim at improving the investment benefit, focus on the decision-making and design stage before construction, combine technology and economy as a means, and use its knowledge, skills and experience in the field of construction projects to provide owners with full-process and all-round quality management services to realize real investment control. First, the necessity of project cost control of investment projects. The management and control of project cost is carried out in the investment decision-making stage, design stage, construction project contracting stage and construction implementation stage. Statistics show that in the decision-making stage and design stage of the project, the possibility of affecting the construction cost is 30%~75%, while in the implementation stage, it is only 5%~25%. Obviously, the key to control the project cost lies in the project decision-making and design stage before the project implementation. Project decision is the decisive factor, and design is the key factor. Control the occurrence of construction project cost within the approved cost limit, and correct the deviation at any time to ensure the realization of project management objectives, so as to rationally use manpower, material resources and financial resources in various construction projects and obtain better investment and social benefits. Second, the control and management of project cost in each stage will control the project cost within the approved project cost limit, correct the deviation at any time, and ensure the realization of the project investment goal, so as to make rational use of the manpower, material resources and financial resources in various construction projects and obtain better investment benefits, and finally achieve the goal of controlling the final accounts of completion within the approved budget and avoid the occurrence of "three overloads". In order to effectively control the project cost, the following aspects should be done well: 1. Project cost in decision-making stage. In all stages of project construction, the impact of investment decision-making stage on project cost reaches 75%~80%. Therefore, the content of project decision-making in the decision-making stage is the basis of determining the project cost, which directly affects whether the determination and control of the project cost in each construction stage after the decision-making stage are scientific and reasonable. In the investment decision-making stage of construction project, the technical and economic decision-making of the project has a decisive influence on the cost of construction project and the economic benefits after the project is completed and put into production, which is an important stage of cost control of construction project. Investment estimation is one of the important links in the preliminary work of capital construction. It is a decision-making document and an important basis for studying and analyzing the economic effects of construction projects. After the reliability study report is approved, the estimate will be used as the investment limit issued by the design task, control the preliminary design budget, and serve as the basis for measures and funds. If there is a mistake in the decision-making in the early stage of the construction project, no matter how hard we try to control and manage the cost in the later stage of the construction implementation, we can't make up for its losses. There are many such examples in China's modernization drive. 2. Control of project cost in design stage. After the investment decision is made, the key to control the project cost lies in design. Design is a technical and economic comprehensive arrangement for the implementation of the proposed project, and it is also a process of planning the project construction. 2. 1 Optimize the design scheme to effectively control the project cost. Whether the design scheme meets the national regulations and whether the functions meet the use requirements is not only related to the one-time investment and one-time capital investment of the construction project to meet the use requirements, but also affects the economic benefits after the project is completed and put into use. Foreign experts point out that although the proportion of design cost in the total project investment is very small, less than 1%, its impact on the project cost reaches 75%. In the design stage, when reviewing the design of the design unit, we should pay attention to the optimization of the design scheme and analyze and compare it with various indicators. When choosing a technical scheme, we should proceed from reality and take the improvement of investment benefit as the premise, and actively and steadily adopt advanced technical schemes and mature new technologies and processes. Generally speaking, advanced technical solutions have high labor productivity and good product quality, but they require large investment. Therefore, according to China's national conditions and the economic strength of enterprises, we must make a serious economic analysis and determine an advanced, applicable, economically reasonable and feasible technical scheme. In industrial construction projects, the equipment investment accounts for about 40%~50% of the construction investment, and the equipment is standardized, universal and serialized. 2.2 The project implements quota design. The so-called quota design is to control the preliminary design according to the investment estimate of the approved feasibility study report, and to control the technical design and construction drawing design according to the approved total budget estimate of the preliminary design. At the same time, under the premise of ensuring the use of functions, all majors control the design according to the allocated investment quota, strictly control unreasonable changes, and ensure that the total investment does not break through. In the preliminary design stage, the quota design should be carried out according to the investment estimate approved in the feasibility study stage, and the estimated budget should not exceed the investment estimate, which is mainly used for the control of engineering, equipment and materials. In the preliminary design quota, all professional designers should enhance the awareness of engineering cost, design the decomposed investment and control the engineering quantity in strict accordance with the quota, design under the condition of ensuring the use function, and strive to control the engineering cost and engineering quantity within the quota. In order to encourage and promote the project cost and quantity control within the limit. 2.3 Optimization of design scheme. For the same construction project and single project, under the premise of meeting the functions, multiple schemes are made, and through technical comparison, economic analysis and benefit evaluation, the advanced, applicable and economical design scheme is selected, that is, the optimization process of the design scheme. Third, the project cost control in the bidding stage is the core work of bidding management, because the pre-tender estimate is the basis for determining the contract price of the project. Only with a scientific pre-tender estimate can we correctly judge the rationality and reliability of bidding quotation and make correct decisions when bidding. The pre-tender estimate should strictly implement the regulations on the management of project bidding, and grasp the rationality and competitiveness of the bidding price. In bid evaluation and calibration, the legality of cost practitioners and cost compilation basis is taken as the basis to judge whether the fixed price is legal and effective, so as to ensure the scientific and reasonable price. Provide socialized services for tender quotation and pre-tender estimate preparation in the tangible construction market and create a level playing field. Four. The control of project cost in the construction stage The implementation stage of the project is the formation stage of building products, and it is also the most difficult and complicated stage of cost management in the whole process of construction projects. At this stage, in addition to other construction costs incurred with the passage of construction time, a large amount of investment funds are constantly materialized through the construction process, eventually forming fixed assets and realizing project investment. Effective cost control can well regulate the behaviors and interests of both contracting parties, which not only reduces the owner's input cost, increases the project profit, but also urges the contractor to standardize the construction behavior. Measures can be taken to control the project cost from the aspects of organization, economy, technology and contract. 1. Organizational measures. Combining project management theory with practice, from the perspective of investment control, the division of personnel, tasks and functions of construction tracking is implemented; At this stage, the investment control work plan and detailed work flow chart are compiled. 2. Economic measures. Prepare the fund use plan, and determine and decompose the investment control objectives. Analyze the risk of project cost target and formulate preventive countermeasures; Carry out engineering survey; Review the project payment form and issue the payment certificate; Conduct investment tracking control in the construction process, regularly compare the actual investment expenditure value with the planned target value, find the deviation, analyze the reasons for the deviation, and take corrective measures; Negotiate to determine the price of engineering change. Review the completion settlement; Do a good job in the analysis and prediction of investment expenditure in the process of engineering construction. 3. Technical measures. Technical and economic comparison of design changes, and strictly control design changes; Continue to look for the possibility of saving investment by tapping potential through design; Review the construction organization design prepared by the contractor, and make technical and economic analysis on the main construction schemes. 4. Contract measures. (1) Keep construction records, save all kinds of documents, especially drawings with actual construction changes, and pay attention to accumulating data, so as to provide basis for correctly handling possible claims. When revising and supplementing the contract, we should focus on its influence on investment control. (2) Strictly review the project construction drawing budget. According to the construction drawing design schedule and the actual progress of on-site construction, the construction drawing budget is approved in time. For the part of the construction drawing design where the budget exceeds the corresponding budgetary estimate, it is necessary to analyze it in detail, find out the reasons, communicate with the project leader in time, adjust or correct the control objectives, and implement dynamic control of the project cost. (3) Choose the best professional subcontractors to prevent a few monopoly industries from raising prices at will. (4) Go deep into the site to collect and master relevant construction materials. In the process of construction, often go deep into the construction site, check the construction situation according to the drawings, understand and collect the relevant information of the project, and keep abreast of the on-site construction trends; Assist the owner to timely review the expenses arising from engineering changes and on-site visas, and adjust the control objectives accordingly, so as to provide the basis for the final project summary and make necessary preparations. Five, the completion of the settlement stage of the project cost control. The completion stage truly reflects the product price of the construction project and is also the terminal of project cost management. At this stage, we should carefully review the project budget and settlement, and eliminate the increased costs such as overestimation of engineering quantity, high quota, high fees, unrealistic visas and unreasonable technical measures. According to the material price information, focus on whether to increase the material price; Strengthen contract management, implement contract item-by-item review system, and confirm and control project cost through legally binding contracts; In addition, after the project is completed and put into use, it is necessary to carry out post-project evaluation, analyze and compare the changes of project scope, progress and cost according to the original laws, sum up experience, sort out cost data and input them into the computer for future reference. Conclusion The cost control of construction project is a systematic project, which runs through the whole process of project construction and has a high degree of coherence. As a socialized and professional consulting service organization, the project management unit should aim at improving the investment benefit, focus on the decision-making and design stage before construction, combine technology and economy as a means, provide the whole process and all-round quality management services for the owners through technical comparison, economic analysis and effect evaluation, and use its knowledge, skills and experience in the field of construction projects to abide by the professional standards of independence, impartiality, science and integrity.
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