1, original grain variety
Botanically, rice belongs to undergraduate rice and is divided into indica rice and japonica rice. Indica rice is processed from indica rice and japonica rice is processed from japonica rice.
Indica rice is long in grain shape, more than 3 times wide, flat, short, sparse in hair, generally awnless, thin in rice husk, white in belly, less in hard grains, fragile in processing, and low in rice yield. Japonica rice is large and short in grain shape, about twice as long as its width, with long and dense hairs, long awn, thick rice husk, small or no white belly, many hard grains and high rice yield.
2. Appearance and shape
Indica rice is generally oval or slender, and japonica rice is oval. Although indica rice is oval, it is not as round as japonica rice.
3. Nutrition and taste.
There are great differences between indica rice and japonica rice in nutritional composition and taste. The protein content of indica rice is above 8%, while that of japonica rice is only 7%. The gel consistency of japonica rice should be above 70, and that of indica rice should be above 60. So japonica rice is obviously more sticky than indica rice.
4. Origin
Japonica rice is dominant in Northeast China, and indica rice is dominant in Yangtze River and Pearl River basins.
Indica rice is suitable for dry rice and japonica rice is suitable for porridge. The content of amylose and protein in japonica rice is less than that in indica rice, which is not as soft and waxy as indica rice. The glutinous consistency of indica rice is not enough, and the porridge cooked is not sticky enough. The combination of indica rice and japonica rice with other drugs has good medicinal effect. Japonica rice has a certain effect of lowering blood pressure and lipid, while indica rice has the effect of warming stomach and helping yang. With the progress of science and technology, the deep value of indica rice and japonica rice will be further developed.
Extended data:
Nutritional value of japonica rice
Japonica rice is the first of the five grains (rice, millet, millet, wheat and glutinous rice), which is sweet and mild in taste and peaceful in nature. As a staple food, you should eat it every day, which can be said to be the first tonic in the world. If rice is still pure "food", then rice porridge is definitely worthy of the word "medicated diet"! Zhang Lei, a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, has a profound understanding of rice porridge nourishing people, and thinks that eating rice porridge every morning is the first recipe for diet nourishing. He wrote in the Story of Porridge: "Eating a big bowl of porridge every day is the best way to eat, because the stomach is weak and soft on an empty stomach, which is compatible with the stomach."
The poet Lu You died at the age of eighty-six. Rice porridge benefited him a lot, from which he realized that eating porridge for health is the simplest and most effective way to prolong life. He once wrote a poem "Eat Porridge", praising the therapeutic value of rice porridge: "Everyone is old, but I didn't realize that at present, I want to learn from the people and make porridge immortal." Interestingly, the word "porridge" is only a word "rice", and the ancients pursued "knowledge" in creating words. The close relationship between porridge and japonica rice is self-evident.
Crude fiber molecules in the rice bran layer of japonica rice contribute to gastrointestinal peristalsis, and have a good effect on stomach diseases, constipation and hemorrhoids. Japonica rice can improve human immune function and promote blood circulation, thus reducing the chance of hypertension. Japonica rice can prevent diabetes, beriberi, senile plaque, constipation and other diseases. Protein, fat and vitamins in japonica rice are relatively high. Eating more can lower cholesterol and reduce the chances of heart disease and stroke. Japonica rice can prevent allergic diseases, because the red blood cells supported by japonica rice have strong vitality and no foreign protein enters the blood stream, so it can prevent some allergic skin diseases.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia? milled rice
References:
Baidu encyclopedia? polished white rice