The peasant uprising broke out in northern Shaanxi at the end of Ming Dynasty. The land here is barren, the production is backward, the servitude is serious, and famine occurs year after year.
Finally caused the outbreak of peasant uprising.
1627, Wang er, a farmer in Baishui County, northern Shaanxi Province, led hundreds of farmers to kill Zhang Douyao, the magistrate of a county, which opened the prelude to the peasant war in the late Ming Dynasty.
After receiving the report, the governor of northern Shaanxi turned a deaf ear for fear of being censured by the court, and the uprising team took the opportunity to expand rapidly. 1628, Wang Jiayin and Wang Da
Liang, Wang Zuo Gua and others rose to respond. Li Zicheng and Zhang joined the insurgents around 1630.
Li Zicheng, 1606, was born in a poor peasant family in Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province.
At that time, it was the end of the Ming Dynasty, class contradictions became increasingly acute, and natural and man-made disasters continued.
After years of famine, the land was occupied by royalty and landlords. Millions of farmers have no clothes to wear and no food in their mouths, and they are subject to the system.
The cruel exploitation and oppression of the ruling class. Li Zicheng was forced to herd sheep by a landlord named Ai because he was in debt at an early age. At the age of 21, he wounded the landlord.
Fled to Yinchuan to be a postal courier. At that time, peasant uprisings broke out all over the country. 1630, Zhang revolted in Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province.
Known as the "Eight Kings". Li Zicheng also killed corrupt officials and rebelled, becoming a "pioneer" in the uprising army led by his uncle Gao Yingxiang. 1635, Ming dynasty
Send Hong Chengchou out of Shaanxi, Zhu Dadian out of Shandong, and attack the insurgents on both sides. The practice of struggle educated the insurgents, who deeply felt that only unity could be achieved.
Only by cooperating can we have strength. 1635, the insurgents from all walks of life joined forces in Xingyang, Henan Province, with 13 companies and 72 battalions to discuss the strategy against the enemy.
Li Zicheng, the outstanding leader of the peasant army, put forward a plan of joint operations and divided attacks, which was supported by everyone.
Gao Yingxiang was an outstanding leader in the early stage of the peasant war in the late Ming Dynasty. 1636 was unfortunately captured and died heroically. The insurgents put the "king"
The title of hero was ceded to Li Zicheng, who made many achievements and enjoyed a high reputation. From then on, Li Zicheng became the "king". Li Zicheng led the rebel army.
Continue to fight the Ming Dynasty and become an outstanding peasant revolutionary leader in the history of China.
The rebel army led by Li Zicheng was brave and good at fighting, which made the decadent Ming ruling class frightened. Every time they arrive,
In one place, they smashed the government, opened granaries, resolutely suppressed bureaucratic landlords and distributed food and property to working people. He often publicizes to the masses:
"We killed the aristocratic landlord who oppressed the poor just to relieve your hatred for him." So Li Zicheng is very popular with the masses. at that time
There is a popular folk song: "Hope to break the king, welcome the king, and the king will not accept food when he comes." "It's time to get up, it's dusk, and poor Korea has been hard to survive recently.
Stay, open the door to meet the king early, and make everyone happy. "
The insurgents led by "King Chuang" experienced a difficult and tortuous process. 1637, the Li Zicheng uprising was ambushed by the enemy, and the soldiers were in a panic.
Li Zicheng and Liu Zongmin were forced to hide at the foot of Shangluo Mountain. But he didn't lose heart. He plowed the fields and practiced martial arts with the soldiers during the day and learned to think at night.
Test and learn from the success or failure of various peasant uprisings in history. Study the struggle strategy and sum up your own struggle experience.
1639 led many people out of the mountain and suffered setbacks, and was trapped in Yudu Mountain in Brazil. Later, Li Zicheng led only fifty riders to break through and break in.
Henan. At this time, there was a drought in Henan, and tens of thousands of hungry people rushed to join the rebels. A greater revolutionary climax appeared. revolt
The army has developed rapidly, reaching more than 500 thousand.
164 1 year, Li Zicheng put forward the revolutionary program of "no food for all fields". Even the land is distributed to farmers; Free food means abolishing feudalism.
Tax exploitation liberated farmers from feudal oppression.
Li Zicheng also paid special attention to the self-discipline of the peasant army. He stipulated that soldiers were not allowed to receive platinum; The seized goods are returned to the public; Can't March
Private houses, camping with tents; Damage to crops, hell to pay; "Fair trade", "buying and selling", no killing, no raping women.
He put forward the slogan: "Killing a person is like killing my father, and fornicating a woman is like fornicating my mother".
Li Zicheng himself has a democratic style and is equal from top to bottom. All major decisions are decided through consultation with his subordinates. Life is simple on weekdays, and there is no food to eat.
Taste, only drink millet porridge every morning, share joys and sorrows with the soldiers, and always maintain the true colors of the working people. These are all in line with the hardships of being exploited and oppressed.
Many people's wishes are a great encouragement to their subordinates.
1643, with the support of the people, Li Zicheng became the "New Shun King" and formally established a revolutionary regime in Xiangyang. Change Xiangyang to Xiang Jing. this
/kloc-in June of 0/0, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia in the northwest was captured as the base. The following spring, the center of the revolutionary regime moved to An, and the name of "King Chuang" was changed to "Da".
Wang Shun ",named Yongchang, also issued a new almanac, minted Yongchang coins, stabilized prices, called for exile, suppressed landlords and gentry, and abolished them.
In addition to the "eight-part essay", officials are selected to take over local political power. At this time, the insurgents in Li Zicheng were already millions of soldiers, and they began to launch an anti-Ming campaign.
General attack
The rebel army won successively, wiped out a large number of Ming dynasty loyalists and quickly captured Taiyuan, Datong, Xuanhua, Juyongguan and Changping. 1644
On March 17, 2008, the rebels surrounded Beijing, the stronghold of the Ming Dynasty ruling clique. 19, Li Zicheng army successfully entered Beijing. Those riders
The landlords and grandfathers who were above the people lost their prestige and ran away one by one. Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in a tree in Jingshan Park (now Jingshan).
Under the tree. The Ming Dynasty, which ruled China for 276 years, was finally overthrown by the great peasant revolution led by Li Zicheng.
Great changes have taken place in the peasant army's entry into Beijing. Many generals made serious mistakes. Some generals were carried away by victory, which led to
The thought of being complacent, numb and underestimating the enemy ignores the danger of the landlord class's rampant counterattack. Some began to degenerate after entering the city, unable to resist money and wine.
Color erosion, gradually disappear the original revolutionary will. There are also some soldiers who think that the revolution is over and look forward to going home to farm. Especially mixed leather.
Niu Jinxing, a member of the landlord class of the Life Team, took the opportunity to destroy it, and the fruits of victory were usurped by the Manchu nobles and the Han landlord bureaucrats. May 1644, Yuan Ming
Wu Sangui, the commander-in-chief of the three customs, led the Qing army to occupy Beijing. Li Zicheng withdrew from Peiping and continued to fight in Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi. 1645
In April, Li Zicheng explored the terrain in Jiugong Mountain, Tongshan County, Hubei Province, and was attacked by the landlord's armed forces and died heroically. He is only 39 years old. Future farmers
The army has been fighting for more than ten years.
The peasant revolution led by Li Zicheng failed, but his great historical achievements will go down in history forever. It dealt a heavy blow to the landlord class; wayside
The highly concentrated development of land has relaxed farmers' personal attachment to the landlord class; The slogan of "all fields" put forward in the uprising is
A new development of peasant war since Tang and Song Dynasties directly touched the feudal land ownership, which was the first time in the history of peasant war in China.
The peasant war in China's feudal society entered a new historical stage. The peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty made a great contribution to the history of the people's revolutionary struggle in China.
Under a glorious page.