Lead: Do you know how to deal with the psychological problems of college students? According to research, college students' psychological problems will bring many problems to their future employment life, and some will even make family problems permanent. How to deal with college students' psychological problems? Let me answer for you.
First, the main characteristics of college students' employment psychology
1. The phenomenon of blindly following the crowd is serious.
College students' conformity psychology is a manifestation of lack of subjective initiative. Some students usually pay little attention to employment policies and trends, and do not pay attention to collecting and screening information about enterprises and units introduced by the school. At the same time, students' sense of independence is not strong, and they have no clear understanding of their self-value orientation and future career development planning. In the process of job hunting, students in the same class and dormitory often get together to sign up for the same company, or passively accept the advice of their families without considering their own situation, which leads to some unhealthy phenomena such as blindly following the crowd and missing employment opportunities.
2. Quick success and instant benefit, one-sided pursuit of maximizing personal interests
Being quick for quick success and instant benefit is the most common and prominent psychological feature of contemporary college students. The survey shows that the employment areas are mainly concentrated in the rapidly developing Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta, accounting for about half of the total. The concepts of "valuing the east over the west" and "big cities over small and medium-sized cities and rural areas" still exist. Judging from the nature of employment, the proportion of state-owned enterprises and scientific research institutes with stable and high social status is gradually increasing, and small and medium-sized enterprises are often not favored by students. At the same time, salary is still a key factor for students to consider. Almost 80% of students hope that their salary will reach more than 3500 yuan when they graduate. Based on the above analysis, jobs with high salary, decent and excellent working environment will always be the first choice for fresh graduates to find jobs; There are relatively few graduates who are willing to start from the grassroots level and grow up with the company, and the utilitarian phenomenon is obvious.
3. Indecision and pessimism coexist.
In the process of employment and job selection, because some students come from rural areas, they are often poor and have no background, so they are prone to shame, lack the courage to compete with others in employment choice and have a heavy ideological burden. At the same time, some students are not satisfied with the school and major, so they are timid in the application process. Once the application fails, they need a long time to adjust. On the contrary, some students pretend to be lofty, find fault in the process of job application, and are too ambitious about being down-to-earth. When the ideal is far from reality, they are more likely to have negative emotions such as depression and dissatisfaction, and their employment is blocked.
4. Lack of entrepreneurial courage and obvious mentality of seeking stability.
At present, most graduates are only children. Due to the influence of parents' traditional ideas and their own "homesickness complex", a stable unit with generous welfare and good labor security has become the best choice for such students, even whether their major is related to job hunting or not. In recent years, the phenomenon of hot recruitment of civil servants and institutions fully embodies this point. At present, although the state and schools provide many preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses, their enthusiasm for starting their own businesses has not increased significantly.
Second, the psychological characteristics of college students' employment
1. Internal factors
(1) The psychological and physical development of college students is out of sync. University is a special growth stage, and students' psychological problems begin to gradually replace physical problems, and their perfection and health become the focus of this period. College students are often full of passion and ideals, eager to get rid of the shackles of family and school, step into society as soon as possible, and have a bright future. However, in the process of job hunting, their inner immaturity and instability make it difficult for them to understand the complex and changeable society objectively and comprehensively, which easily leads to the inconsistency between reality and ideal. At the same time, due to the lack of social practice and sufficient experience accumulation, facing the cruel reality, it is often accompanied by the intersection of rationality and sensibility, self-reliance and dependence, and the mood fluctuates obviously, which is easy to form psychological obstacles over time.
(2) College students' comprehensive ability is insufficient. In the competitive environment of market economy, the employment initiative of college students depends largely on their comprehensive ability. But there is still a big gap between the comprehensive ability of most college students and the requirements of enterprises, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects. First of all, there is a lack of clear career planning and insufficient awareness of employment; Secondly, the theoretical knowledge is weak and the core competitiveness is not formed; Third, do not pay attention to practice, poor hands-on ability; Finally, because of the lack of research and development spirit, it is difficult to hold a higher level position.
(3) College students' employment concept is conservative and outdated, and they are not prepared enough to find a job. The vast majority of fresh college graduates are employed for the first time, and they are generally not fully prepared psychologically and ideologically, so it is difficult to accurately grasp the prosperity and adversity in the process of employment, and they are not good at adjusting the complacency and loss in the process of choosing jobs in time. Moreover, due to the lack of systematic and correct guidance of graduates' employment outlook, they blindly pursue high-paying and decent jobs and "iron rice bowls" and "golden rice bowls". Once they are employed, they will be lifelong. At the same time, there are still a large number of students whose employment expectations are divorced from the current social employment situation, and the psychological gap between them often leads to many unhealthy psychological problems.
2. External factors
(1) The disadvantages of market economy and the influence of imperfect employment market mechanism on graduates. Under the condition of market economy, a series of unhealthy ideas such as hedonism, utilitarianism and pragmatism are easy to mislead graduates' employment choices, such as the tendency of choosing employment places, the one-sided demand for salary and treatment, and the blind pursuit of jobs with high social recognition. At present, the development of the job market is still immature, the corresponding policies and supporting measures are not in place, and there are still unfair, unjust and unreasonable situations in the job search process. Therefore, the secondary employment and unreasonable employment of graduates.
(2) The influence of the decline of teaching quality in colleges and universities and the high consumption of talents in enterprises on graduates. At present, under the background of knowledge economy, many new occupations have sprung up, which provide more employment opportunities for college students to a certain extent, and also put forward new requirements for their comprehensive ability. However, in recent years, due to the expansion of colleges and universities, the quality of students is uneven, and some colleges and universities are relatively lagging behind and lacking in hardware equipment and teacher reserves. The contradiction between professional structure and enterprise demand still exists, which directly affects the quality of graduates. However, most enterprises still have the phenomenon of high talent consumption. On the one hand, blindly taking academic qualifications and certificates as hard thresholds and unreasonably raising employment standards will eventually lead to a waste of human resources; On the other hand, employers admit that there is a gap between the knowledge they have learned in school and the standards required by enterprises, but they still hope that the graduates they employ can take up their posts immediately and realize the enterprise value as soon as possible. The necessary talent training mechanism is obviously lacking. Even though some enterprises have a set of internship and training system, the salary and labor security of graduates during this period are generally irregular and arbitrary, resulting in a serious shortage of talents.
(3) The weakening of mental health education and the influence of family burden on graduates. At present, there are generally employment counseling and psychological counseling institutions in colleges and universities, which can help students answer questions and get out of misunderstandings to a certain extent. However, compared with the ever-changing employment situation, mental health education has always lagged behind and failed to achieve the purpose of guidance, transformation and prevention in advance. For graduates who are in the initial employment stage, they all hope to find satisfactory jobs as soon as possible to repay their parents' kindness. At the same time, due to the social requirements and the increase in education costs, parents' expectations for their children are also rising. Two factors invisibly increase the psychological burden of graduates, which leads to the imbalance of employment mentality.
Third, the solution of college students' employment psychological problems
1. Give full play to the social adjustment function and overcome the structural employment problem. At present, the employment mechanism for graduates in China has been formed: guided by market demand, supplemented by national macro-control, giving full play to the basic guiding role of local talent market, and emphasizing the role of colleges and universities in recommending graduates for employment. However, in order to ensure standardized operation, create a good employment environment and provide employment opportunities for graduates to the maximum extent, the government should first unswervingly improve the employment market, break through many barriers such as social insurance and labor security, remove institutional obstacles existing in the personnel system, improve the efficiency of relevant functional departments, and ensure the smooth employment of graduates. Secondly, although the employment trend is still grim in recent years, few people are interested in remote areas, mountain villages and relatively unpopular industries where talents are relatively scarce. Therefore, it is still necessary to continue to strengthen macro-control, improve the treatment and security of employees in this region and this position, promote the balanced flow of human resources, and avoid further intensification of the bipolar trend. The government should continue to play a traction role in the reform of higher education, make clear the development direction of college students' training, and provide macro guidance on specialty setting, curriculum setting and teaching methods in colleges and universities under the premise of adapting to the current market economy. At the same time, improve the graduate entrepreneurship system, minimize the threshold of entrepreneurship, and encourage college students to start businesses.
2. Vigorously deepen the internal education reform in colleges and universities, and strengthen communication and cooperation between schools and enterprises. In order to meet the needs of the ever-changing job market, the internal education reform in colleges and universities is imperative. On the one hand, we should continue to play the role of colleges and universities as a bridge between students and employment units, strengthen the construction of "Employment expressway", adjust the teaching content in time, change the traditional teaching mode, attach importance to professional basic disciplines, and further emphasize the importance of combining theory with practice. On the other hand, schools should always adhere to the principle of "consolidating old users and expanding new users", continue to increase market research, formulate reasonable employment work plans, make college students more targeted, promote school-enterprise cooperation mode in time, promote graduates' full employment and ease employment pressure. Employment guidance and psychological counseling services in colleges and universities are also important links to alleviate the psychological problems of graduates. First of all, vocational guidance courses should run through every academic year of college students, not just in graduation season. Secondly, we should pursue diversification and flexibility in teaching methods, such as holding special lectures on employment and simulating job fairs, so as to cultivate the basic skills needed by college students in job hunting in advance, master the skills of examination and interview, and overcome the anxiety and fear in employment. In psychological counseling, it is necessary to combine tonality problems with personality problems, pay attention to cultivating professional psychological counseling teams, and unblock the psychological counseling hotline to ensure that students have a good and healthy mentality to the greatest extent.
3. Know yourself objectively, update your employment concept in time, and improve your comprehensive competitiveness. Accurate self-positioning is an important step to overcome employment psychological problems. On the one hand, under the premise of fully understanding their own strengths and weaknesses, college students can collect recruitment information purposefully, which can make their employment choices clearer and their understanding of the future career development direction clearer, and avoid directional mistakes in the initial stage. On the other hand, college students can correct their employment ideas that are not in line with their own situation in time, promote the formation of psychological adjustment ability, and nip negative emotions such as confusion, hesitation and depression in the bud. At the same time, as the saying goes, "It is necessary to strike while the iron is hot", so it is extremely necessary for college students to strive to improve their core competitiveness. We should not only firmly master the professional basic theory courses, cultivate the ability to draw inferences from others, but also cherish the opportunities of practical training and social practice in various courses at school, read more books on job-taking skills at ordinary times, actively exercise our ability to communicate with others, listen to parents' opinions and suggestions, and ensure the consistency and smoothness of employment information, thus correcting parents' excessive employment mentality. In a word, it is a systematic and complicated project to help college graduates overcome their psychological problems in the process of employment and realize a smooth transition from school to society, which requires the unremitting efforts and efforts of the government, schools, employers, families and students themselves.
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