[Edit this paragraph] Common species and genera in China.
1, Cunningham
Evergreen trees of Taxodiaceae; The leaves are arranged in two rows on the lateral branches, linear and lanceolate, with serrated edges. There are stomatal lines on the upper and lower sides of the midvein, and the lower part constitutes a wider stomatal zone; Male cones clustered at the top of branches, anthers 3, connective shorter than anthers; The female cone is solitary or has 2 ~ 3 clustered branches, spherical, with large bract scales, and is combined with the pearl scales, which are small, with three leaves at the apex and three ovules at the base of the ventral surface; Ovules are nearly spherical or ovoid, 2.5 ~ 5 cm long, with large bract scales, leathery, flat, broadly ovoid or triangular ovoid, hard top, irregular serrated edges, small ovule scales, three seeds, flat seeds and narrow wings on both sides. There are three species of this genus, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Cunninghamia lanceolata in Taiwan Province Province are relatively narrow, and only occur in parts north of central Taiwan Province Province and southwest Sichuan. Chinese fir is widely cultivated and is one of the common evergreen coniferous forest species in subtropical areas of central and eastern China. It is an important fast-growing afforestation tree species in forestry production, and its timber output accounts for one-fifth to one-quarter of the national commercial timber, which plays an important role in the national economy. Chinese fir likes temperature, humidity, wind and dryness. The most suitable environment is warm and humid climate, deep fertile and humid soil layer, well-drained yellow soil and quiet valley.
2. Cryptomeria japonica
Only Cryptomeria fortunei and Cryptomeria japonica. Evergreen trees with drooping branchlets; The spiral arrangement of leaves is slightly five lines, conical, with a raised dorsal abdomen, slightly flat sides, stomatal lines and a downward extension at the base; The male flowers of Cryptomeria fortunei are axillary on the upper part of solitary branchlets, forming short spikes densely, with 3 ~ 6 anthers per stamen; Female cones are solitary and clustered, with 2 ~ 5 ovules at the base of each nucellus, most bracts are combined with nucellus, and only the upper part is separated; The cone is nearly spherical, the seed scale is woody, shield-shaped, the upper part is hypertrophy, the edge has 3 ~ 7 teeth, and the back has triangular separated bract scale tips near the middle; The seeds are irregular, oval and have extremely narrow wings at the edge. Cryptomeria fortunei is one of the excellent fast-growing tree species, with fast growth, long life, wide use and strong adaptability. It is cultivated in subtropical provinces of China. It is a shallow-rooted tree species that likes light, but its lateral roots are very developed. Cryptomeria fortunei requires a warm and humid climate with annual precipitation above 1000mm, annual average temperature above 14 ~ 19℃ and monthly average temperature above 1℃, especially a maritime or mountainous climate with high air humidity and cool summer. The soil requires acidic mountain yellow brown soil, red yellow soil and yellow soil. It grows well on deep, humid and well-permeable slopes and hills. Poor water resistance, long-term water accumulation or poor drainage are not suitable for planting.
3. Taiwanshan
Taxodiaceae includes Taiwania flousiana, a specialty of Taiwan Province, and Taiwania flousiana distributed in Guizhou, Hubei and Yunnan of Chinese mainland. It is an evergreen tree with slender and drooping branchlets; Leaf type II, the base descends; The leaves of the old tree are scalelike drills, the branchlets are dense and curved obliquely upwards, and there are sharp or blunt tips and stomatal lines on the dorsal surface; The leaves of young trees are sickle-shaped, long, slightly curved upward, flat on both sides and sharp at the top; The male cone has several clustered branches, each stamen has 2 ~ 4 anthers, and the connective is obvious; The female cone has a solitary branch top and degenerated bract scales, and the ventral base of each pearl scale has two ovules; The cone is small, the seed scale is flat, the upper end is wide and round, and there is often a bump; The seeds are flat and have narrow wings on both sides. Taiwania flousiana is widely planted as a fast-growing afforestation tree species because of its fast growth, long life, straight trunk and excellent material. It is a shallow-rooted, neutral sunny tree species with developed lateral roots, born in humid subtropical monsoon region. The annual average temperature11.2 ~15.4℃ and the annual precipitation 1000 mm are above, which can resist the low temperature of-10℃ in winter in Yunnan high-altitude production areas. The soil is acidic red soil or yellow soil. In places with cool and humid climate, deep soil layer and good drainage, the maximum annual growth can reach 2 meters high and the DBH is 2.4 cm.
4. water cypress
The modern distribution of monophyletic plants is limited to some areas in China, such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Yunnan. However, after long-term cultivation, it has been planted in South China, East China and Central China, among which the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong, central Fujian and the lower reaches of Minjiang River are more distributed. Metasequoia glyptostroboides, like Taxodium distichum, is resistant to water and humidity, and prefers warmth to cold resistance than Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Cryptomeria fortunei and Cunninghamia lanceolata. It is a positive tree species, with underdeveloped taproots, deep lateral roots, bent respiratory roots, often protruding from the soil surface or water surface, and swollen trunk base, often showing a trough column shape. The main morphological characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis are semi-evergreen trees; There are three kinds of leaves: the scales are thick and radiate on the branches for 2 ~ 3 years; The lines are in two rows and fall off after autumn; Linear subulate leaves spread radially into three rows, which are born on the annual short branches of big trees and fall off together with the lateral short branches after autumn; Cones are solitary at the top of branchlets with scaly leaves; The stamens of male cones have 2 ~ 9 (mostly 5 ~ 7) anthers, and the connective is large and obvious; The female flower is nearly spherical or oval, with 20 ~ 22 tiny pearl scales, and each pearl scale has 2 ovules at the ventral base and a bract scale larger than the pearl scale on the back. The cone is ovoid and oval, and there are 6 ~ 10 triangular sharp teeth on the upper edge of the seed scale. Bract scale and seed scale are almost all together, only the top is separated, triangular and arc-shaped, located in the middle or upper part of the back of seed scale. Seeds oval, slightly flat, with long wings growing downward. [ 1]
[Edit this paragraph] stands for plants.
Dechang Chinese fir
Evergreen trees, with a height of 50 meters and a diameter of 3 meters at breast height, have whorled or irregular whorled branches and drooping branches; The bark is dark gray, longitudinally cracked and flaky. The leaves are arranged in a spiral shape, spread radially, arranged in two rows on the lateral branches, linear and lanceolate, and hard in texture. There is a 1 resin channel below the vascular bundle, and occasionally there is a 1-2 resin channel at the edge, which is 0.8-3 cm long and 2-3.8 mm wide, tapering at the top, wide at the base, serrated at the edge and dark green at the top. Monoecious; Male cones are about 40 clusters branched, cylindrical and oblong; Female cones are single-topped, subglobose; The bract scale is large and combines with the pearl scale. The top of the pearl scale is 3-lobed, and there are 3 ovules on the ventral surface. Cones are nearly spherical or ovoid, 2.5-3.2 cm long and 2.5-3 cm in diameter, grayish green before maturity and yellowish brown when mature; Bract scales are leathery, flat, broadly triangular-ovate, sharp at the apex, with jagged teeth at the edge, and the surface is covered with white powder, and the seeds remain after falling off; Small seed size; Seeds ovoid, flat, 5-6 mm long, dark brown, with membranous wings on both sides. It is distributed in Liedechang, Miyi, Yanyuan and other places in southwest Sichuan at an altitude of 1300-2800 meters.
dawn redwood
Rare species. Metasequoia is a rare relict plant in the world. Deciduous trees, up to 35-4 1.5m, dbh1.6-2.4m; Bark grayish brown or dark gray, split into strips and fall off; Branchlets opposite or subopposite, pendulous. Leaves are alternately opposite, and two rows of feathers are arranged on the side branches of green deciduous leaves. They are linear, soft and almost sessile. They are usually1.3-2cm long and1.5-2mm wide. The upper part of the midvein is concave, and there are 4-8 stomatal lines along both sides of the midvein below. Monoecious, male cones are solitary leaf axils or bracts, ovoid, arranged in racemes or panicles, with 20 opposite stamens and 3 anthers, short filaments and obvious connective; The top of the solitary lateral branch of the female cone consists of 22-28 opposite bract scales and bulb scales, each scale has 5-9 ovules. The cone is drooping, mature in that year, nearly spherical or rectangular, slightly quadrangular, and 1.8-2.5 cm long; The seed scale is extremely thin and transparent; Bract scales woody, peltate, with horizontal rhombus on the back. Dechang gully, dark brown when mature; The seeds are obovate, flat, with narrow wings around them and a notch at the top. ? Metasequoia glyptostroboides is naturally distributed in limited areas of Lichuan, Shizhu and Longshan counties at the junction of Hubei, Sichuan and Hunan provinces, and its vertical distribution is generally (800-)1000-1200 (-1500) meters above sea level. ?
Taiwania flousiana Gaussen
Rare species. Taiwania flousiana is a rare relict plant. It only existed in China after the Ice Age, and still preserves natural stands and trees over 500 years old. Because the trunk is straight and the material is excellent, it has been cut down a lot and its distribution has been significantly reduced. Due to poor natural regeneration, it is in an endangered state. Evergreen trees, 75 meters high and 3.65 meters in diameter at breast height; The bark is light brownish gray and split into irregular strips. The leaves of the tree are rhombic, densely arranged and overlapped, with a length of 3-5 mm and a width of 1- 1.5 mm on both sides. The lower part of the tree is densely covered with branches, the top of the tree bends inward, and there are stomatal lines on all sides. The cross section is square rhombic, and the height is greater than the width. The leaves of young trees and tendrils are 6- 15 mm long, subulate, with flat, straight or curved sides and sharp tips. Monoecious; Male cones 2-7 clustered branchlets at top; The top of the female cone is solitary and erect, with 2 ovules per bulb, and the bracts are degenerated or absent. The cones are oval or short cylindrical, erect, long 1.5-2.2 cm, and brown when mature; Seed scale 2 1-29, broad triangle, leathery, flat, 6-7 mm long, 8 mm wide at the upper part, wide and round at the top, and usually with obvious glandular spots on the back. Seeds oblong-ovate, flat, 5-7 mm long, with membranous wings on both sides. Discontinuously distributed in Gongshan, Fugong, Bijiang, Tengchong and Longling in the upper reaches of Nujiang River in western Yunnan, Lancang River in western Hubei, Yunlong and Lanping in western Lichuan, Xiyang in southeastern Sichuan, Leishan, Jianhe, Rongjiang and Danzhai counties in southeastern Yunnan. Born in valleys and forests at an altitude of 500-2300(-2600) meters. There is also a small distribution in northern Myanmar.