Pre-Qin era
1, the rise and fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
2. The content and essence of enfeoffment system.
3. Fully understand and explain the political, economic and cultural manifestations of the historical development trend of China society from the disintegration of slave society to the establishment of feudal system, from separatist regime to unification and centralization, and from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to national integration.
4. Correctly evaluate the merger war in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
5. The background, content, function and essence of Shang Yang's political reform (establishing feudal system economically and politically). How to reflect and complete the historical development trend since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period).
6. The concrete achievements of feudal economic development in the Warring States Period (ironware, Niu Geng, water conservancy, handicrafts and commerce).
7. Reasons, schools, contents and endings of a hundred schools of thought contend. Attach importance to Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism.
8. Astronomy, medicine and the Book of Songs.
9. Confucius (key), Xunzi, Mencius, Han Fei, Qu Yuan.
Note: There were no major problems in the pre-Qin period for many years, so we must pay attention to reviewing in place, especially the social development trend in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. This stage can also be combined with Qin and Han dynasties or Ming and Qing dynasties.
Qin and Han dynasties
Qin and Han Dynasties —— Formation, consolidation, problems and evolution of multi-ethnic unified feudal society.
1, the inevitability and conditions for Qin to unify the world.
2. Qin Shihuang's measures to establish and consolidate unified centralization.
3. Analyze the reasons of Qin's death and Han's prosperity from both positive and negative aspects.
5. Many activities in Qin Huang and Hanwu.
6. Understand and evaluate burning books and burying Confucianism, and respect Confucianism alone. Dong Zhongshu's ideological background, content and function.
7. The change and influence of the thought of governing the country from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty.
8. The relationship between Qin and Han Dynasties and Xiongnu, Western Regions and Yue Nationality.
9. Contribution of Zhang Qian and Ban Chao: Silk Road.
10, papermaking, seismograph, Zhang Heng, Hua Tuo, Wang Chong, Sima Qian and Historical Records, mathematics and feudal education.
1 1, social problems and manifestations of feudal society in Qin and Han dynasties. (Land annexation, tyranny, ideological despotism)
12, Qin and Han Dynasties were groundbreaking dynasties for later generations, which laid the basic pattern and characteristics of China feudal society in 2000. How to understand? What are the historical facts? (unified national structure; The political model of absolute monarchy and centralization; Feudal small-scale peasant economic model based on various land systems; Multi-ethnic integration pattern with Han nationality as the main body; Open foreign exchange trading mode; The mode of weight ethics based on Confucianism; The traditional pattern of science, technology and culture that focuses on applied technology and leads the world. )
Sui and Tang Dynasties
Sui and Tang Dynasties —— The Rise and Fall of Feudal Society
1, the historical reason for the unification of the Sui Dynasty. Similarity between Qin and Sui.
2. Sui inherited the historical position of the past and future.
3. Fully and meticulously remember the segmentation, starting and ending points and communication rivers of the Grand Canal. Understand the reasons and effects of the Grand Canal excavation. Correctly treat the evaluation of the Grand Canal by different figures in history.
4. From all aspects (from the actions of the rulers, from the system, from science and technology, from water conservancy, from ethnic exchanges, from Chinese and foreign exchanges, etc.), analyze the reasons and enlightenment of the prosperity of the early Tang Dynasty. ).
5. Activities and evaluation of Emperor Taizong, Wu Zetian and Tang Xuanzong.
6. Deeply understand the reason, purpose, function, relationship and subsequent destruction of the six-part system, imperial examination system, land equalization system and concession system in three provinces.
7, the performance of its heyday (economy, politics, nationality, foreign countries, culture. The rule of Zhenguan and the prosperity of Kaiyuan.
8. Chang 'an and Yangzhou.
9. The historical fact of the relationship between the central government and the border nationalities in the Tang Dynasty is * * *. Similarities and differences in relations with the Han nationality. Princess Wencheng and Princess Jincheng entered Tibet.
10, the differences in foreign exchanges between the Tang Dynasty and the Han Dynasty and their causes. Specific historical facts of foreign exchange.
1 1, deeply understand the implementation and influence of the two tax laws.
12, analyze the historical reasons and enlightenment of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline in many aspects.
13, Tang Wenhua: Tang poetry, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan. Mogao Grottoes, Painting, Calligraphy, Feudal Education, Medicine, Sun Simiao, Tang Herbal Medicine.
Note: it has always been the focus and hot spot of the college entrance examination, so we should pay attention to it. The core is prosperity and decline.
Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties in Song Liao.
Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms, Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties-the division of feudal countries moved towards unity; Strengthen centralization; Confrontation, communication and ethnic integration of multi-ethnic regimes; Applied science and technology and the prosperity of feudal culture.
1. Measures to strengthen centralization in Song Taizu and its positive and negative effects.
2. Correctly treat the peace war between Song and Liao, Xixia and Jin. See the essence through the phenomenon.
3. The background, content and function of Wang Anshi's political reform. Correct evaluation.
4. Confrontation among Song, Liao, Xia, Song, Jin, Khitan and Tangut, and the political system of "Fan and Han divide and rule".
5. The historical position of the Yuan Dynasty (unification, integration and unification).
6. Yuan Dynasty's jurisdiction over Tibet and Taiwan Province Province.
7. Three great inventions, Shen Kuo, Guo Shoujing and their scientific achievements, Neo-Confucianism, Song Ci and Yuan Zaju.
Note: the focus of this stage of learning is the strengthening of centralization; First, ethnic relations; First, the internal relationship between Song Taizu and Wang Anshi's political reform; The first is the feudalization of ethnic minorities.
Ming and Qing dynasties
Ming and Qing Dynasties-the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country and the decline of feudal society.
1. Reasons, measures and essence of unprecedented strengthening of absolute monarchy in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Eight-part essay, military department.
2. The reasons for the economic development and the germination of capitalism in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the different economic, political, diplomatic and ideological environments that China and the West faced after the germination. Deeply understand the feudal system's obstacles to the germination of capital.
3. Understand a whipping method and DiDing Yin system.
4. Dialectically analyze the reasons and influence of Zheng He's voyage to the West. Compared with the opening of new routes.
5. The most prominent essential trend in the historical development of Ming and Qing Dynasties is embodied in economy, politics, ideology and diplomacy.
6. The new situation and diplomatic changes of foreign exchanges in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
7. Keep in mind the measures taken in the early Qing Dynasty to consolidate a multi-ethnic country and safeguard sovereignty.
8. Ming Taizu, Kangxi, Qianlong and Yongzheng.
9. On the question of Macau, Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province Province and unified Taiwan Province Province in the Qing Dynasty.
10, the background and evaluation of Huang Zongxi's political and economic proposition. Comparison among Shang Yang, Han Fei and Dong Zhongshu.
1 1, duality and duality in the field of science, technology and culture. Novels, democratic ideas, and summative scientific and technological masterpieces. Education. (literature prospers, science and technology decline; Summary is mostly lack of innovation; Dictatorship and democratic ideas coexist; Less communication becomes a weak culture. )
12, dialectical view of the relationship between the prosperity of Kanggan and the decline of feudal society.
13, the territory of the Qing dynasty. Pay attention to the jurisdiction of northeast, northwest, southwest (including Tibet) and Taiwan Province Province in the history of China.
Attention: Attention should be paid at this stage: unity, germination, decline and consolidation.
In a word, in the ancient history of China, a unified, multi-ethnic and centralized feudal country was in the leading position in the world for a long time. Unity and division, governing the world and chaos, combination and loss, knowing the Lord and the bad king, communication and combination ... are very interesting. The Basic Structure and Characteristics of China's Ancient Economy
(Lesson 1) Intensive Ancient Agriculture:
1, from slash-and-burn to the change of agricultural farming methods in Niu Geng.
(1) Primitive agriculture: slash-and-burn farming (fire farming)
(2) The appearance and extensive use of scarifying tools are the signs that China agriculture has entered the stage of "ploughing" or "hoeing".
(3) During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, bronze farm tools appeared. During the Spring and Autumn Period, small pieces of iron farm tools appeared. Niu Geng is a revolution of China's agricultural power. During the Warring States Period, it was first popular in Niu Geng. Since then, Niu Geng with iron plough has gradually become the main farming method of Chinese traditional agriculture.
2. Characteristics of ancient agricultural economy in China:
(1) Small-scale peasant economy takes the family as the production and living unit, and combines agriculture with cottage industry. Production is mainly to meet their basic living needs and pay taxes. It is a self-sufficient natural economy and intensive small-scale peasant economy, and it is the basic mode of agricultural production in China feudal society.
(2) China's feudal economy was dominated by self-sufficient natural economy.
(3) The solid existence of natural economy is an important reason for the slow development and long-term continuation of feudal society in China.
(Lesson 2) Ancient Handicraft Industry Leading the World
● Understand the main achievements made by ancient China in metallurgy, porcelain making, silk weaving and other handicrafts.
1. Simu Wuding in Shang Dynasty is rare in the world. 2. Du Fu's poems in the Eastern Han Dynasty invented drainage and used water conservancy to make iron. 3. The method of pouring steel was invented in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
4. Porcelain-making in the Tang Dynasty formed two systems: south, blue and north. 5. Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province developed into the national porcelain making center in Yuan Dynasty in Song Dynasty, and became the national porcelain capital in Ming and Qing Dynasties. 6. On the basis of blue and white porcelain, colored porcelain was fired in Ming Dynasty; Enamel was also invented in the Qing Dynasty. 7. Suzhou and Hangzhou were famous silk weaving centers in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the use mechanism of flower beds was complex and precise.
(Lesson 3) The Development of Ancient Commerce
1, understand the formation and development of "city"
(1) Western Han Dynasty: Every city has a "market" dedicated to trade, which is strictly separated from residential areas, and there is a market in Chang 'an. Establish official management (mayor or municipal order) to open and close the market on time.
(2) Sui and Tang Dynasties: Chang 'an has a city and a square, separated by a wall, which opened and closed regularly during the day.
(3) Song Dynasty: The boundary between the city and the square was gradually broken, and shops could be set up everywhere and opened in the morning and evening.
2, understand the major commercial cities and famous business groups:
(4) Western Han Dynasty: Chang 'an, Luoyang, Handan, Linzi, Wan, Chengdu and other famous commercial centers.
(5) Chang 'an and Luoyang in the Yellow River valley during the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Yang; Yangzhou and Yizhou in the Yangtze River valley have become prosperous commercial cities; Guangzhou is an important foreign trade port, and the government has set up a city ambassador.
(6) Kaifeng and Lin 'an in Song Dynasty; Yizhou issued the world's earliest paper money-Jiaozi.
(7) Dadu and Hangzhou in the Yuan Dynasty. Quanzhou is the largest port in the world.
(8) Ming and Qing Dynasties: Commercial gangs appeared. For example, Huizhou merchants and Shanxi merchants (the similarities between them are: both started from managing salt industry; Commercial activities are all related to the financial field (Huizhou merchants run pawn shops and Shanxi merchants set up banks); The scope of activities involves foreign countries and has accumulated huge wealth)
The slow development of budding capitalism.
● Understanding the basic meaning of the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" and "closing the sea" has great influence.
(1) The basic economic policy of China feudal society: "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce"
The policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" was advocated by Shang Yang's political reform during the Warring States Period.
The fundamental reason for long-term implementation of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" is to meet the needs of self-sufficient natural economy.
Its purpose is to maintain the natural economy, ensure the collection of taxes and land rent, maintain political stability and consolidate feudal rule.
Positive effects: protecting agricultural production and small-scale peasant economy and promoting agricultural economic development; Consolidate the emerging landlord regime in the early feudal society.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the manifestations of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining commerce were as follows: the business thought of putting agriculture first, the monopoly system, heavy taxes at checkpoints, discrimination against businessmen, and huge government-run handicrafts.
Negative consequences: strengthen the natural economy, hinder the development of industry and commerce, and hinder the development of capitalism.
(2) The "maritime ban" of the Ming Dynasty was to guard against Japanese pirates, but it did not prohibit official foreign trade; The Qing dynasty was due to the anti-Qing struggle of the people in the southeast coast. Both of them are to maintain the feudal ruling order.
(3) The meaning of the "closed door" that the Qing Dynasty has implemented: strictly restricting foreign exchanges.
Only one foreign trade was opened in Qing Dynasty: Guangzhou (foreign trade was managed by the 13th Guangzhou Branch).
The consequences of closed doors: hindering the development of overseas markets, inhibiting the primitive accumulation of capital, and hindering the growth of capitalist seeds; China was isolated from the world, and failed to learn advanced western scientific knowledge and production technology in time to develop productive forces, which made China gradually fall behind the world trend.
The second unit: the changes of economic structure in modern China and the tortuous development of capitalism
(Lesson 1) The Emergence of Capitalism in China
The background of Chinese national capitalism and the historical facts of its rise;
1. Reasons for the emergence of Chinese national capitalism: (1) The invasion of foreign capitalism gradually disintegrated the natural economy. (2) Stimulated by the rich profits of foreign companies. (3) The Westernization School induced private enterprises.
The time when Chinese national capitalism came into being was: 65438+ 1960s and 1970s; Location: Southeast coastal area
2. Representative enterprises: Changfa Machine Factory, Jichanglong Silk Reeling Factory and Yilaimou Machine Factory.
(Lesson 2) The Development of Chinese National Capitalism
First, the stage of the development of modern Chinese national capitalism:
● Short spring (1) time: during World War I (1915-1921).
(2) Reasons: a The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the imperial system of the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China, which removed some obstacles for the development of capitalism in China; B. The mass anti-imperialist patriotic movement has effectively promoted the development of national capitalism;
European powers are busy.
The war temporarily relaxed the economic aggression against China and objectively provided favorable external conditions for the development of Chinese national capitalism. (3) Main industries: textile industry and flour industry (4) Famous industrialists: brothers Zhang Jian, Zhou and He Rong.
(5) Why is it called "short" spring? After World War I, European powers made a comeback.
● tortuous development (1) the first decade of the national government (1927-1936): the national industry developed rapidly.
Reason: In order to consolidate the rule, the National Government has introduced some policies and measures that are beneficial to economic development.
(2) During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, national industries suffered heavy losses.
Reason: occupied area: some factories and mines were either destroyed by the Japanese army or annexed by the Japanese army in various forms.
Kuomintang-controlled areas: the national government implemented the wartime system, strengthened the overall economic rule, and the bureaucratic class squeezed the national enterprises for huge profits.
● Shrinking time (1): after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War (during the War of Liberation or 1945- 1949).
(2) Reason: An American product flooded into the China market, crowding out domestic products (1946 Sino-US Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation).
B Bureaucratic capital monopolizes the economy at will, squeezing the national enterprises, C. The national government's exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees are increasing, and inflation is rising.
Second, understand the position and role of capitalism in the development of China's modern history.
1, economically, it is a new economic factor, which is conducive to social progress;
2. Politically, lay a material and class foundation for national capitalism to enter the political arena; The expansion of the proletarian ranks has prepared class conditions for the arrival of the new-democratic revolution and the establishment of China.
3. Constantly impacting and shaking the dominant position of feudal orthodoxy ideologically provided social conditions for the spread of western bourgeois ideology and culture.
However, in China, a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, it is impossible to take the capitalist road because of the weakness and compromise of the bourgeoisie.
Unit 3 Building Roads in Socialism with Chinese characteristics
(Lesson 1) Development and twists and turns of economic construction
1, understand the three major reforms:1At the end of 956, China basically completed the three major reforms. Make the means of production change from private ownership to socialist public ownership. It marks the establishment of the socialist system in China.
2. Understand the eight main contents: 1956, the eighth congress was held in China. Main content: (1) The main contradiction in China is the contradiction between the advanced social system and the backward productive forces. The current task is to concentrate on transforming China from a backward agricultural country into an advanced industrial country.
3. Understanding of the Great Leap Forward and People's Communalization Movement: 1958 launched the Great Leap Forward and People's Communalization Movement, which was a serious mistake of our party in the process of exploring the socialist road in China, and caused three years of economic difficulties (19665438).
(Lesson 2) The Great Historical Turning Point
Understand the content and historical significance of the reform and opening-up decision made by the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee.
1978 12 The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was held in Beijing.
Main contents: (1) re-established the Marxist ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts.
(2) Abandoned the wrong policy of "centering on class struggle" and set things right.
(3) shift the focus of the party and the state to economic construction. (4) Carry out reform and opening up.
Significance: The formation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's collective leadership with Deng Xiaoping at the core is a great turning point in the history of the Party and the Republic of China since the founding of New China, and it has become the starting point for China to open up the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and initiate the socialist modernization of China. (page 45)
(Lesson 3) Economic System Reform
1, understand the household contract responsibility system
Rural areas: 1. Implement the household contract responsibility system. 2. Abolish the people's commune system. 3. The development of township enterprises has opened up a new road for farmers to get rich and realize industrialization and modernization.
2, understand the important content and role of the reform of state-owned enterprises.
City: the central link is to increase the vitality of enterprises and invigorate them. Content: (1), management system: separating government from enterprise, expanding enterprise autonomy.
(2) Ownership: A variety of ownership economies with public ownership as the main body develop together. (3) Distribution system: a distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting. (4) 1992 property right system reform, implementing a modern enterprise system with shareholding system as the main form.
Function: arouse the enthusiasm of workers, increase the vitality of enterprises, promote the rapid development of the national economy, and make the people reach a well-off level as a whole.
(Lesson 4) The initial formation of the pattern of opening to the outside world
1. How did China's opening-up pattern come into being?
(1) Establishment of special economic zones: 1980, Shenzhen (the first special economic zone), Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen; Hainan province 1988.
(2) 14 coastal port cities: 1984.
(3) Coastal Economic Open Zones: Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Southeast Fujian and Bohai Bay.
(4) Economic and Technological Development Zone: 1988
(5) Shanghai Pudong Development 1990 promotes the economy of the Yangtze River Delta and the Yangtze River Basin to become the focus and symbol of the reform and opening up in the 1990s.
2. Main contents of the 14th National Congress: 1992: The goal of China's economic system reform is to establish a socialist market economic system.
Unit 4: Changes of modern social life in China.
1.65438+ In the 1980s, the Qing government built a railway from Tangshan to Xugezhuang, marking the birth of China Railway.
2. At the beginning of the 20th century, Nanjing government opened the first telephone office in Nanjing and the first local telephone.
3. After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up, the telecommunications industry has developed rapidly. By the end of 2000, the number of fixed telephones and mobile phones ranked second in the world. Since the 1990s, fax machines and the Internet have been used to send documents.
Newspapers, movies and television, Internet.
Overview1.1In the middle and early 9th century, foreigners started to run newspapers in China, such as China Newspaper and World Bulletin.
2. 1873 Zhao Wenxin Newspaper sponsored by Ai Xiaomei in Hankou is a newspaper founded by China people in China.
Development:
3. Since then, China people have run more and more newspapers, such as Current Affairs Daily during the Reform Movement of 1898, People's Daily during the Revolution of 1911 and New Youth during the May 4th Movement.
1. 1905 The successful premiere of Dingjun Mountain marks the film industry in China.
2. 193 1 year, the sound film "The Red Peony" was successfully filmed, ending the silent history of China films.
3. The film "Fishing" 1935 starring Cai Chusheng and Wang was awarded by Moss.
Keke International Film Festival Honorary Award.
4. 1958 experimental broadcast by Beijing TV Station marked the birth of China.
Television is called the three major media. After the 1990s, the media was born. It is called "the fourth media".
2. The Internet was born in the late 1960s, and China officially connected to the Internet on 1994.
3. Four advantages of the Internet:
(1) Integrate the advantages of the three major media.
(2) low cost
(3) can be highly interactive, two-way transmission.
(4) Information can be obtained more actively, conveniently and to the maximum extent.
■ Unit 5: Opening up new sea routes, colonial expansion and the formation and development of capitalist world markets
(Lesson 65438 +0) Open a new air route
1. Significance of opening a new air route: (1) The opening of a new air route has gradually ended the isolation of various places, and the civilizations of various places have come into contact and collided, and the world has become increasingly integrated. (2) The scope of trade has expanded unprecedentedly, and the embryonic form of the world market has emerged. (3) The World Trade Center moved from the Mediterranean coast to the Atlantic coast. (4) Portugal and Spain started colonial expansion first.
(5) It accelerated the disintegration of feudal system in Western Europe and promoted the development of capitalism.
2, the opening of the new route (combined with the textbook page 82 new route opening chart memory)
The significance of the route opened by the royal family with the support of time navigators
1487 the Portuguese royal family of Diaz
From Europe to Africa, it reached the Cape of Good Hope at the southernmost tip of Africa, and opened up a route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean along the coast of Africa.
1492 European Spanish royal Columbus went to America to discover the new continent of America.
(Lesson 2) Colonial Expansion and World Market Expansion
1. enumerate the historical facts that Holland and Britain brutally plundered colonies and established overseas commodity markets, and understand that colonial expansion and plunder are the main ways for capitalist powers to establish world markets.
(1) coachman-Netherlands:
Background: Superior geographical environment and commercial tradition, developed capitalist industry and commerce, is one of the earliest regions where capitalism germinated in Europe, and gained independence from Spanish rule politically.
The basic situation of this area
Asia established a colonial stronghold in India, captured Malacca and Ceylon, invaded Indonesia and once occupied Taiwan Province Province of China.
Africa seized the Cape of Good Hope colony from Portugal.
A new Dutch colony was established in North America.
(2) "the sun never sets on the empire"-Britain
Comments on the outcome of the war
1588. Britain defeated Spain's "Armada", Spain failed, Spain lost its maritime power, and Britain began to establish its maritime hegemony.
In three Anglo-Dutch wars, Britain captured the new Dutch colony in North America, and the Netherlands lost its colonial hegemony at sea, which was caused by the promulgation of navigation laws by Britain.
In the seven-year war between Britain and France, Britain captured a large number of French colonies and finally established the world colonial hegemony.
2. Understand the main ways of forming and establishing the capitalist world market: colonial expansion and plunder.
The expansion of European colonists in the world is the main way to establish the world market. Colonial plunder provided primitive accumulation of capital for the development of capitalism and promoted the development of capitalism in Europe. At the same time, it also brought profound disasters to the Asian, African and Latin American colonies and interrupted their normal history.
Process, so that its development is slow, poor and backward, resulting in long-term backwardness in these areas.
(Lesson 3) Industrial Revolution
1, the process of the first industrial revolution
(1), the beginning of the industrial revolution-the advent of Jenny machine (the British industrial revolution first occurred in the cotton textile industry)
(2) Watt improved the steam engine to solve the power problem, and human society entered the "age of steam".
2. The influence of the first industrial revolution
(1), the European and American bourgeoisie established their rule over the world.
(2) Objectively, the industrial revolution also spread advanced ideas and modes of production, which changed the world.
(3) The industrial revolution also caused changes in the social structure of capitalist countries, resulting in two opposing classes: the industrial bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
(4) The first industrial revolution promoted the initial formation of the world market. (Time:1the middle and late 9th century)
3, the main achievements of the second industrial revolution:
Electric power is widely used: Siemens of Germany successfully developed the generator in 1866; Invention and use of internal combustion engine: cars and airplanes;
Development of chemical technology; The progress of traditional industries such as steel.
4, the influence of the second industrial revolution:
The emergence of monopoly organizations (the product of the development of capitalism to a certain stage, the fundamental reason is the high concentration of production and capital); The final formation of the world market. The final establishment of the capitalist world system. (19 at the end of the 20th century)
5. Comparison between the First Industrial Revolution and the Second Industrial Revolution
In the field of transportation: trains and ships appeared in the first industrial revolution, and cars and planes appeared in the second industrial revolution.
In social structure, the first industrial revolution produced two opposing classes, the industrial bourgeoisie and the proletariat, and the second industrial revolution produced monopoly organizations.
In the world market: the first industrial revolution promoted the initial formation of the world market, and the second industrial revolution promoted the final formation of the world market.
6, the formation process of the world market
The opening of new routes: the embryonic form of the world market began to appear; Colonial expansion: world market expansion
The first industrial revolution: the world market was initially formed; The second industrial revolution: the world market finally formed.