So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all. Therefore, students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily more talented than students. They understand the truth sooner or later, and their knowledge and skills are different, that's all. This sentence comes from Shi Shuo written by Han Yu in Tang Dynasty. Shi Shuo was written by Han Yu in the 18th year of Tang Zhenyuan, and this article was written by Han Yu to his student Li Pan. On Teachers is a short essay on the important role of teachers, the necessity of learning from teachers and the principles of choosing teachers. This paper criticizes the wrong idea that "scholar-officials" were ashamed to learn from teachers at that time, and advocates learning from teachers. At the same time, it is also a public reply and solemn refutation to those detractors. The author shows that anyone can be his own teacher and should not refuse to learn modestly because of status or age difference. At the end of the article, Confucius' words and deeds testify that it has existed since ancient times to seek teachers' respect for Taoism, and people should not abandon the ancient road. "Teacher's Theory" Han Yu in Tang Dynasty Original: Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers. Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. Humble and shameful, officials are close. " Oh! The teacher's way is unknown. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing! Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said: If there are three people, there must be a teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all. Seventeen-year-old Li is good at ancient prose and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever. People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. A teacher is a person who teaches truth, studies and explains difficult problems. People are not born to understand the truth, who will have no doubts? With doubts and not learning from the teacher, his doubts are ultimately incomprehensible. People born before me, they heard and learned things earlier than me, so I will follow him and regard him as a teacher; If the person born after me knows the truth before me, I should follow him and regard him as a teacher. I am learning from him. Who cares if he was born earlier or later than me? Therefore, regardless of status and age, the place where truth exists is the place where teachers exist. Alas, the ancient fashion of learning from teachers has been circulating for a long time, and it is difficult to make people doubt it! Ancient saints, far beyond the average person, still followed the teacher and asked for advice from the teacher; Nowadays, ordinary people are far from saints in intelligence, but they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more stupid. The reason why saints can become saints and fools become fools is probably because of this. People love their children and choose teachers to teach them, but it is shameful for him to learn from them. What a fool! The first teachers who teach children are teachers who teach children to read and help them learn to break sentences, not teachers who teach truth and solve problems. If you can't read sentences, you can't solve your doubts. Some ask the teacher for answers, while others don't. You learn from small aspects and give up learning from big aspects. I don't see that kind of person is wise. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from others. People like scholar-officials get together and laugh at others when they hear the "teacher" calling them "disciples". Asked why they were laughing, they said, "He is about his age and has similar moral knowledge. It is shameful to take a low-ranking teacher as a teacher, and it is almost flattering to take a high-ranking teacher as a teacher. " Alas! It can be understood from these words that the ancient fashion of learning from teachers cannot be restored. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are all people that gentlemen despise, but now their knowledge can't keep up with them. What a surprise! A saint has no fixed teacher. Confucius studied under Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. These people are not as talented as Confucius. Confucius said, "When several people walk together, one of them can be my teacher." Therefore, students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily more talented than students. They have heard about it early and heard about it late, and their knowledge and skills have their own specialties. That's all. Pan, the Li family's child, is seventeen years old and likes classical Chinese. He has generally studied the six classics and is not bound by customs, so he learns from me. I praised him for following the ancient way of learning from the teacher and writing this "Shi Shuo" as a gift to him. Extended data:
Creation background of Shi Shuo: This article was written in the 18th year of Zhenyuan, Tang Dezong. This year, Han Yu was 35 years old and worked as a doctor in four schools in imperial academy. He is a scholar of "Cong Qipin", and his position is not high, but he has already gained fame in the literary world, and the "ancient prose movement" he advocated has also begun. The word "teacher" in Han Yu's "Ancient Scholars Must Have Teachers" and "A Biography of Learning from the Law for a Long Time" has its unique meaning. It doesn't refer to school teachers at all levels of government, nor does it refer to the first teacher who "teaches and learns sentences", but refers to people who have achieved something in school in society and can "spread the law and solve doubts". Han Yu is famous for being such a self-righteous person and a good teacher. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty says that he is a "scholar after his success, and his name is often the same". After being taught, they are all called "Korean disciples". Literary appreciation of Shi Shuo: Shi Shuo is a famous argumentative essay of Han Yu, with outstanding viewpoints and strong realistic pertinence. In this argumentative essay, the author affirmed the nature and function of being a teacher, discussed the important significance and correct principles of being a teacher, and criticized the common bad habit of not paying attention to the teacher's way at that time. This article is written for Li Pan. In fact, it is to crack down on those literati who are attached to famous families, refuse to learn from others or even laugh at others. It plays a unique role in criticizing the current disadvantages. The author shows that anyone can be his own teacher and should not refuse to learn modestly because of status or age difference. At the end of the article, Confucius testified with his own words and deeds, explaining that seeking advice and attaching importance to Taoism is a practice since ancient times, and people should not abandon the ancient road at that time. The article embodies extraordinary courage and fighting spirit, and also shows the author's spirit of expressing opinions independently regardless of the secular world, and promotes the social atmosphere of being willing to learn from teachers and being good at learning. This article is written against the unhealthy trend of "being ashamed to learn from teachers" under the influence of family concept. In ancient China, school education was very developed, and there were official schools from the central government to the local government. In the Tang dynasty, the gate valve system since Wei and Jin dynasties still followed. Noble children all entered Hong Wen Pavilion, Chongwen Pavilion and Guo Zi School. No matter what you study, you can be an official. Therefore, in the literati class at that time, there was a general psychology of respecting "family law" and neglecting teachers. It can be seen that it is commendable for Han Yu to write Teacher's Theory and publicize his views with great fanfare. Shi Shuo not only criticized the bad habits of the literati in the society at that time, but also severely refuted those stupid detractors. It also puts forward three new progressive ideas of "being a teacher by example": First, the function of teachers: "Being a teacher by example, so we should also pass on words to solve doubts." This sentence expanded the teacher's responsibility from "learning the sentences in the books he taught" to "passing messages and answering questions in the industry", which was a kind of progress at that time, meaning that not only "boys" but all adults who are interested in learning should learn from the teacher. Second, the necessity of learning from teachers: "People are not born to know, how can they not be confused?" Being confused and not learning from the teacher is also a feeling, and finally I can't understand it. "-this sentence denies" knowing from birth ",clarifies" learning before knowing ",and sternly refutes the bloodline theory and transcendentalism advocated by" scholar-officials ",which is of positive significance. Third, the principle of selecting teachers: "Nothing is expensive, nothing is cheap, nothing is long, nothing is short, the Tao exists, and the teacher exists." "Disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a history of learning and professional skills, that's all. "These two sentences criticized the bad atmosphere that the upper class only cared about the level of students at that time, but did not care about real talents and practical learning, and put forward a brand-new concept of selecting teachers: he is better than me in one respect, and this aspect is my teacher. These ideas put forward in Shi Shuo greatly reduced the authority and feudalism of teachers, rationalized and equalized the relationship between teachers and apprentices, and broke the conservative barrier of learning from family law. These thoughts are thoughts with emancipating spirit and profound people's nature. About the author of Shi Shuo: Han Yu, a writer, philosopher and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, is a native of Heyang, Henan Province, Han nationality, whose ancestral home is Changli, and is also called "Han Changli", also known as "Li Hanbu" and "Han Wengong". Han Yu, a 25-year-old scholar, used to be the assistant minister of the Imperial Department, the official department, the doctor, and the official department. He and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, who advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. In Song Dynasty, Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature", and in Ming Dynasty, he was listed as the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Liu Zongyuan and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Han", which is known as "a great writer" and "a hundred generations of literators". His works are all included in Mr. Changli's collection of works.