Since I registered in Zhihu, I have received many inquiries from my friends, mostly about choosing a major for the undergraduate course of educational technology, taking the postgraduate entrance examination, studying abroad and finding a job. In fact, I may have answered quite a few questions. But for various reasons, many friends will definitely see these answers (even I sometimes can't find my own answers quickly).
Therefore, I want to sort out my excellent educational technology articles and answers and make an index directory for friends in need to consult.
Educational technology:
My definition of educational technology is: a multidisciplinary and comprehensive discipline that uses various technologies to support the design, development, implementation and evaluation of teaching and training activities and improve the teaching and training effect as much as possible. The "various technologies" mentioned here are not only hard technologies such as computers, networks, mobile devices, software and programming, but also soft technologies such as demand analysis, teaching design, teaching implementation, testing and evaluation.
When we understand the word "educational technology", we can't just associate it with hard technology. Otherwise, it is easy to be blind and self-enclosed.
Guiding structure:
The answer links in this guide come from my two favorites on Zhihu: "Educational Technology and Learning Science" and "Instructional Design". After removing the repeated links, * * * listed 1 16 answers (Educational Technology and Learning Science has 83 answers; There are 33 "instructional designs"). 60% of the answers were written by myself (including some short answers of low value), and the remaining 40% came from other great gods in Zhihu (I marked the author's nickname Zhihu at the bottom of each answer link). You can click on the link directly to view it.
Learning science is developed on the theoretical basis of educational psychology, cognitive psychology and educational technology. If it is in the academic paper database, science may be classified separately. There are still relatively few topics for studying science. So I temporarily put the content about it and educational technology in a favorite.
Short answer:
Under some answer links, you may see a "short answer: yes" label. In this guide, my definition of "short answer" is: short answer, with less than 5 lines. Only a link was provided, and there was no direct answer.
As long as one of the above two points is met, it is a short answer. Short answers are not necessarily worthless. Sometimes a link in it can directly lead you to related content. But in general, short answers will inevitably make everyone feel disappointed after opening because of the lack of information. So I marked all the short answers and announced them in advance to reduce your possible disappointment. If I miss the bid, please leave me a message.
Answer quality:
Another label is "answer quality". According to my personal judgment, I give each article or answer a quality score of 1-5. Scoring basis is as follows: 5 points: rich and detailed content, clear answers to questions, and many examples, evidences, materials or links provided. 4 points: the content is more detailed and the question is answered correctly. 3 points: answered the question, but not detailed enough. 2 points: Answer the question, but the answer is relatively simple, or the answer is mainly composed of links. 1: All short answers are only 1.
Similar answer ranking:
If some answers revolve around the same question or topic, I will juxtapose them. Otherwise, the answer link will be separated by a blank line.
Finally, because this article is only a summary of various articles or answers, rather than an encyclopedia of educational technology, it may not be possible for everyone to find the answers they want. If a friend finds that he doesn't have the answer he wants, he can ask questions directly in Zhihu, and then invite me to answer (I will invite more people to answer).
After a period of time, I will add some high-quality answers to different favorites and this guide according to the quality of the new answers, so that more friends can consult in the future.
Welfare11:
I also made an online enjoyment table according to Office365: Guide to Educational Technology Articles. Xlsx forms use Excel slicer to filter different contents for your convenience. The disadvantage is that there is no content introduction. In addition, if the phone is turned on, the slicer may not display normally. I tried Edge, IE, Chrome, Firefox and Safari on the computer, and there was no problem.
There are many definitions of "educational technology" in academic circles. In Zhihu alone, many people have given different definitions of the word "educational technology". For newcomers, the definition of AECT (American Association for Educational Communication and Technology) is more reliable. In the following answers, I not only showed AECT's definitions of three versions of "Educational Technology", but also provided my own interpretation of the definition of version 20 17.
1. 1.2 Subject:
In the private consultation I received, many friends asked me what educational technology is and what it can be used for. There are also some friends who left comments under my various answers to express their confusion, worries or doubts about this topic. So in this part, I give an article or answer that I think can explain what educational technology is and what educational technology can do. I hope it will help you understand this subject.
1. 1.3 theory
The theory of educational technology mostly comes from pedagogy, educational psychology, cognitive psychology, information communication, media information theory and other disciplines. Learning science is a cognitive discipline developed on the basis of educational technology. This part mainly gives answers related to educational technology or learning science that can be related to the word "theory". Don't come here with the expectation of reading an encyclopedia.
1. 1.4 concept
The field of educational technology is developing with each passing day, and various concepts, terms and nouns emerge one after another. Sometimes we may just hear all kinds of new words, but we may not know their details. At the same time, different terms and concepts may overlap in meaning or content. This part focuses on collecting some concepts and terms in the field of educational technology for your reference.
1. 1.5 technology
There are countless specific technical applications in the field of educational technology, especially in today's era of technological explosion. In this part, I collected some articles or answers about hard technology (computer, network, mobile equipment, software and other engineering technologies) for everyone to expand their thinking. More content will continue to be added to this piece in the future.
1.2 learning
The "learning" part collects articles or answers about educational technology specialty, educational specialty comparison, educational technology specialty examination, examination and studying abroad.
1.2. 1 this major
In the consultation I received, the most common confusion is the confusion about the major of educational technology. I feel that I have learned a lot, but I have not learned anything, and I don't know what I can do after graduation. Many consultants also asked me if I wanted to change my major. The answers collected in this part are mainly to help you eliminate the confusion of educational technology as much as possible, understand what a promising major you are in and know what you can do in the future as soon as possible.
1.2.2 professional comparison:
I don't encounter many problems about professional comparison. Simply collected three answers for your reference.
What are the differences between the professional setting ideas and course contents of educational technology specialty in universities at home and abroad?
1.2.3 further study
For further study, I met many questions about educational technology. Some asked questions directly in Zhihu and invited me to answer them, while others consulted me through private messages. Because I ask a lot, I pay more attention to this kind of problem. In this part, I collected the answers of 13, which were divided into three parts: postgraduate entrance examination (master's degree), doctoral examination and studying abroad.
1.3 Employment:
Not many people directly and privately consult with me about the employment prospects of educational technology. Most people will leave messages and comments under my answers to express their confusion or disappointment. Personal feeling (pure feeling, no data support) Domestic students majoring in educational technology (especially undergraduates) don't know what they can do after learning educational technology, because the teaching orientation of domestic educational technology specialty is too limited to the teaching field of primary and secondary schools.
Most students majoring in educational technology in China, whether undergraduates or graduate students (mainly graduate students here), have no work experience. In other words, they have been studying in universities since they graduated from high school. Educational technology needs to be combined with specific application fields in order to play its role and advantages.
There is no application field, no previous work experience, and the training orientation in the school is relatively one-sided. Naturally, it is easy to get confused after learning, and I don't know what to do. For this, I feel (and there is no data) that students studying for master's and doctoral degrees in educational technology in the United States (there is no undergraduate major in educational technology in the United States) are unlikely to know what they can do after learning, and most people will only feel that there is too much work.
Therefore, in the "Employment" section, I collected articles or answers related to educational technology employment, entrepreneurship, posts and vocational skills.
1.3. 1 Employment prospects:
Employment prospects are a topic of concern to many students studying educational technology. When it comes to the employment direction of educational technology major, many people will think of being an information technology teacher in primary and secondary schools, or being an audio-visual teacher in primary and secondary schools, education bureaus and modern education centers.
In fact, for undergraduates and master students majoring in educational technology in China, if they jump out of the limitations of "primary and secondary schools" and focus on enterprises, especially educational enterprises, educational training institutions, educational technology companies, online education companies and so on. They will find their eyes suddenly enlightened and there are many choices waiting for them.
1.3.2 Job Description:
The work that educational technicians can do involves teaching, research, design, analysis, evaluation, management, products, operation and other different positions. In this part, I collected the introduction of educational technology-related positions.
1.3.3 vocational skills:
Different positions require different vocational skills. As an educational technology major, the most important teaching design ability and the ability to integrate technology with teaching. In this part, I collected some answers to introduce the vocational skills needed by educational technicians.
1.3.4 Entrepreneurship:
I used to work in a big company and later went abroad to study educational technology, so I don't know much about entrepreneurship in the field of educational technology. I can only collect two answers about educational science and technology entrepreneurship, hoping to help you.
Thinking 1.4
The "Thinking" part collects different authors' views, thoughts, discussions and interpretations on the problems, phenomena and trends in the field of educational technology in Zhihu. If you are interested in these problems, phenomena and trends, you can click on the links in this section.
In my opinion, instructional design is the most important professional and vocational skill that students majoring in educational technology need to master. The reason is that I think the core competitiveness of educational technology students is "instructional design ability supported by technology". In other words, the most important competitiveness of students majoring in teaching technology comes from the ability to deeply integrate technical means with teaching activities.
To form this ability, we need to know not only the advantages and disadvantages of technical means, usage methods and application scenarios, but also the teaching theory, teaching mode, teaching design method, teaching implementation method and teaching evaluation method. And a lot of practical training and repeated exploration and correction.
2. 1 Teaching Understanding:
Education is a topic that almost everyone talks about. The same is true of teaching. However, compared with the broadness of the word "education", the word "teaching" is relatively narrow and professional to understand. When learning teaching design, we might as well look at how different people understand teaching first, and then think about how we understand teaching.
2.2 Teaching theory:
In fact, this part collects not only teaching theories, but also teaching design models. Academically, teaching theory and teaching design mode are two themes. But here, I will combine it under one heading for everyone to learn and understand.
2.3 Teaching design methods:
Instructional design method is the most important job skill that instructional designers need to master. Students majoring in educational technology need to take into account the learning and integration of technical means while learning teaching design methods. In this part, I collected some articles written by friends about instructional design methods for your reference.
2.4 Instruct designers:
Instructional designer is a very suitable job for students majoring in educational technology. However, it is not easy to be an excellent instructional designer. In addition to excellent professional knowledge and rich work experience, we have to adapt to the big environment and have a little luck. Although there are many educational science and technology innovations in domestic industries, on the whole, many educational science and technology enterprises still focus on technology and have not yet had a strong understanding of the importance of instructional design.
I don't know enough, let alone pay attention. Therefore, an instructional designer can easily become a position that sounds tall, but is actually fictional, overhead, left aside and has no right to speak. Therefore, to become an excellent teaching designer who is valued by enterprises and has the right to speak, we should not only rely on our own efforts, but also need to adapt to the big environment and a little luck.